CN105215540A - A kind of with the device and method of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal - Google Patents
A kind of with the device and method of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN105215540A CN105215540A CN201510738665.7A CN201510738665A CN105215540A CN 105215540 A CN105215540 A CN 105215540A CN 201510738665 A CN201510738665 A CN 201510738665A CN 105215540 A CN105215540 A CN 105215540A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses that a kind of this device comprises power set with the device and method of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, it can make high rigidity metal rotate and give pressure; One resistance one end connects the high hard other end and is connected on power set, is connected to form path by brush and high rigidity metal; And the cooling device that is covered with layers of copper, described layers of copper is placed soft metal; The present invention is by the preheating of high rigidity metal, and the dual measure of soft metal cooling, realizes metal rigidity in high rigidity metal and soft metal friction weld deposit process and soft state controls; This device in welding process continuity and controllability good, operating efficiency is high, long service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Solid-phase welding field, particularly a kind of with the device and method of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal.
Background technology
Friction surfacing be a kind of utilize frictional heat make metal connect partial zones be in hot plastic state realize weld/weldering apply advanced metalworking technology, friction surfacing has low energy consumption, pollution-free high-efficient rate, the advantage surface abrasion resistances such as crudy is good, erosion-resisting metal can obtain without dilution by the friction welding (FW) technology of applying, in conjunction with the weldering coating that integrality is high, friction surfacing technology has a extensive future in the manufacture and reparation of wearing piece, friction surfacing technology is not limited to welding technology field, also can extensively widen its range of application, manufacture fast at friction rolling part, there is huge potentiality to be exploited the aspects such as composition metal preparation and the processing of metal recycling.
The method of current high rigidity replating soft metal also rarely has research, there is foreign scholar M.CHANDRASEKARAN in the experiment of mild steel friction surfacing aluminium alloy, what adopt is before steel and aluminium friction surfacing, first allow mild steel and mild steel friction that mild steel is softened, and then allow mild steel and aluminium friction thus realize the friction surfacing of mild steel and aluminium.This method can realize the preheating first of high rigidity metal, high rigidity metal softening can be made in advance, realize the welding between different hardness metal, but the high-temperature duration of this method is shorter, follow-uply can not continue through friction heating, and continuous print built-up welding cannot be realized, and it is not softening to rub in advance, easily make steel become milling cutter and aluminium is milled out a groove, this method cannot realize accurate control and the waste material of temperature, and efficiency is low.
M.J.R.Stegmueller scholar have employed load coil heating rod iron and makes that steel is softening carries out friction surfacing again in the experiment of steel friction surfacing aluminium, this method can realize the welding of aluminum steel, but it accurately cannot control the temperature of rod iron, and do not cool the temperature device of aluminium sheet, thus it adopts thick aluminium sheet to prevent rod iron aluminium sheet mill off.
Harbin Institute of Technology's Zhang Hongtao adopts CMT welding-braze method to be studied the larger aluminium-steel of hardness difference, the Interface Microstructure analysis of aluminium/galvanized steel plain sheet CMT welding-braze lap joint shows, joint interface, primarily of the different Compound Phase composition of two classes, is near the uniform Fe of steel side thickness respectively
2al
5phase and the FeAl near aluminium side faller gill shape
3phase, illustrates that this traditional fusion welding method cannot stop the generation of aluminum steel intermetallic compound and can form brittlement phase.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of with the device and method of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal.
The present invention for providing a kind of technical scheme provided with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal is:
A kind of device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal comprises:
Power set, it can make high rigidity metal rotate and give pressure;
One termination electrode of resistive heating device to be connected with high hardness material by brush and to be fixed on power set (8), and other end electrode is fixed on soft metal by interface resistance;
And the cooling device that is covered with layers of copper, layers of copper on place soft metal;
Wherein, in the preproduction phase, high rigidity metal and soft metal contactless and without horizontal direction displacement; In the friction heating period, power set make high rigidity metal and soft Metal Contact but without horizontal direction displacement; In the friction surfacing stage, power set make high rigidity metal and soft Metal Contact and in the horizontal direction linear movement occur.
High rigidity metal is bar, and length is 75 ~ 200mm, and diameter is 15mm ~ 30mm, and soft metal is sheet material, and the copper layer thickness that it covers is 5mm.
These power set can provide maximum pressure to be 30MPa, and the maximum weld speed provided is 200mm/min, and maximum rotating speed is 1500r/min.
The welding ends 15mm-25mm place of the brush distance high rigidity metal of described resistive heating device.
Preferably, this friction welding apparatuses can be arranged on the table, and power set are provided with controller.
Resistive heating device is provided with temperature sensor.Temperature can be regulated according to the plastic temperature value of different high rigidity metal under external heat and friction heating dual-heated condition, prevent metal superheat and temperature inadequate.
Cooling device is provided with in the horizontal direction can by the through hole of cooling medium.The coolant temperature passed into is at-5 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C, and speed is adjustable between 1m/min ~ 3m/min.By the cooling medium of flowing thus cooling soft metal makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient
Preferably, be subjected to displacement by arranging compact heap restriction soft metal.
Based on said apparatus, the invention provides a kind of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal process, comprise concrete steps as follows:
Step (1), starting resistance heater is to the heating of high rigidity metal latter end, and the plastic temperature of high rigidity metal is heated to preheat temperature T, and the temperature range of described preheat temperature T is T
1< preheat temperature T<T
2; Described T
1be the 90% soft plastic deformation temperature range upper limit, T
2the interval upper limit of plastic temperature for high rigidity metal, when being heated to preheat temperature T, resistive heating device is cut off the electricity supply;
Step (2), cooling device passes into temperature at the cooling medium of-5 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C, and the speed that passes into is between 1m/min ~ 3m/min;
Step (3), by high rigidity metal and soft Metal Contact, is 600r/min ~ 1700r/min at rotating speed, and pressure is drive high rigidity metal and soft Metal Phase to friction of rest under the condition of 1MPa ~ 5MPa;
Step (4), when high rigidity metal latter end reaches plastic temperature, simultaneously under the horizontal speed of welding of 10mm/min ~ 200mm/min, drive high rigidity metal and the relative motion of soft metal, the plastic metal of high rigidity metal end is piled and is welded on soft metal and forms continuous print overlay cladding.
Described high rigidity metal and the difference of hardness HV>30 of soft metal.
The present invention has following significant advantage relative to prior art:
1, the present invention is by the preheating of high rigidity metal, the dual measure of soft metal cooling, realizes metal rigidity in high rigidity metal and soft metal friction weld deposit process and soft state controls; 2, by controlling different heating-up temperatures thus expanding the range of choice between high rigidity metal and soft metal; 3, Method of Limited Dilution rate and range-controllable thereof, can reduce the intermetallic compound of different metal Solid-phase welding; 4, the continuous controllability of welding process is good, resistance heated heater is simple to operation, the efficiency of heating surface is high, adopt the stability of resistance heated to the controllability of welding process and heating process to be controlled preferably, regulated the height of the temperature needing heating by the size of current controlling to pass into.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the friction surfacing design sketch of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the faying face surface sweeping Electronic Speculum figure of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is the SEM line sweep element relative amount figure of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is the design sketch of the friction surfacing of A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 3.
Wherein, 1: workbench; 2: water cooling plant; 3: copper coin; 4: soft metal; 5: compact heap; 6: high rigidity metal; 7: resistive heating device; 8: power set
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As Fig. 1, a kind of device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, comprising: power set 8, it can make high rigidity metal 6 rotate and give pressure;
One termination electrode of resistive heating device 7 to be connected with high hardness material 6 by brush and to be fixed on power set 8, and other end electrode is fixed on soft metal 4 by interface resistance; Described electrode is connected with power supply, special external induction heating apparatus be have employed to high rigidity metal, the local heat of metal can be realized, the end of heating of metal, ensure metal local produce softening while can ensure the rigidity of metal upper part thus ensure the pressure in friction surfacing process;
And the cooling device 2 that is covered with layers of copper, layers of copper on place soft metal 4;
Wherein, in the preproduction phase, high rigidity metal 6 is contactless and without horizontal direction displacement with soft metal 4; In the friction heating period, power set 8 make high rigidity metal 6 contact with soft metal 4 but without horizontal direction displacement; In the friction surfacing stage, power set 9 make high rigidity metal 6 contact with soft metal 4 and in the horizontal direction linear movement occur.
This friction welding apparatuses is arranged on workbench 1, and power set 8 are provided with controller.
Resistive heating device 7 is provided with temperature sensor.Described resistance heated heater 7 its by the size of current of Energy control by high rigidity metal and soft metal, realize the loop of low voltage and high current, size of current can be adjusted to 900-20000A, temperature can be regulated according to the plastic temperature value of different high rigidity metal 6 under external heat and friction heating dual-heated condition, prevent metal superheat and temperature inadequate.Temperature in welding process measured and controls, different heating-up temperatures can be controlled for different metal heating thus expand the range of choice between high rigidity metal and soft metal.
Cooling device 2 is provided with in the horizontal direction can by the through hole of cooling medium.Limit soft metal 4 be subjected to displacement by arranging compact heap 5.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment adopts said apparatus to be prepared, with A3 steel friction surfacing LY12 Al-alloy metal, the hardness of A3 steel is HV165, the hardness of LY12 aluminium alloy is HV120, resistive heating device 7 heat and the temperature of control A3 steel at 500 DEG C-800 DEG C, LY12 aluminium alloy is fixed on water cooling plant 2, water cooling plant 2 is fixed on workbench 1, in test, A3 rod iron is of a size of φ 20mm, and LY12 aluminium sheet is of a size of 300mm*150mm*6mm, and welding process concrete steps are as follows:
Step (1), the 7 pairs of A3 rod iron latter end heating of starting resistance heater, regulate power supply electric current to be set to 900A, by the heating temperatures of A3 rod iron to preheat temperature 500 DEG C.The rigidity of rod iron epimere can also be kept to the preheating of A3 rod iron latter end while playing preheating rod iron temperature thus ensure the pressure between two kinds of metals, avoid the softening surrender of steel entirety and cannot pressure be provided.
Step (2), cooling device 2 passes into the cooling water of flowing by bottom through-hole, and water temperature is 0 DEG C, and speed is 1m/min.Water quench LY12 aluminium sheet makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient; LY12 aluminium sheet keeps rigidity that it can be avoided by the milling of A3 rod iron, and formation temperature gradient is the essential condition that friction surfacing realizes.
Step (3), contacts A3 rod iron with LY12 aluminium sheet, and power set provide rotating speed to be 800r/min, and pressure is that 2MPa drives A3 rod iron and LY12 aluminium sheet geo-stationary to rub, and makes rod iron latter end reach plastic temperature interval and produce ductile bed.
Step (4), power set 8 provide the horizontal speed of welding of 50mm/min, make A3 rod iron and LY12 aluminium sheet produce relative motion, and the plastic metal of A3 rod iron end is piled and is welded on LY12 aluminium sheet and forms continuous print overlay cladding.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment adopts said apparatus to be prepared, with A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper, the hardness of A3 steel is HV165, the hardness of T2 fine copper is HV68, resistive heating device 7 heat and the temperature of control A3 steel at 800 DEG C-1000 DEG C, T2 copper is fixed on water cooling plant 2, water cooling plant 2 is fixed on workbench 1, in test, A3 rod iron is of a size of φ 20mm, and T2 copper coin is of a size of 300*150*6mm, and welding process concrete steps are as follows:
Step (1), the 7 pairs of A3 steel latter end heating of starting resistance heater, regulate power supply that electric current is set to 1200A, by the heating temperatures of A3 steel to preheat temperature 800 DEG C. the rigidity of A3 steel epimere can also be kept to the preheating of A3 steel latter end while playing preheating steel temperature thus ensure the pressure between two kinds of metals, avoid the softening surrender of high rigidity metal integral and cannot pressure be provided.
Step (2), cooling device 2 passes into the cooling water of flowing by bottom through-hole, and water temperature is-5 DEG C, and speed is 2m/min.Water quench T2 copper makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient; T2 copper keeps rigidity that it can be avoided by the milling of A3 steel, and formation temperature gradient is the essential condition that friction surfacing realizes.
Step (3), contacts A3 rod iron with T2 copper coin, and power set 8 provide rotating speed to be 1200r/min, and pressure is that 3.5MPa drives A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin geo-stationary and rubs, and makes rod iron latter end reach plastic temperature interval and produce ductile bed;
Step (4), power set 8 provide the horizontal speed of welding of 50mm/min, make A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin produce relative motion, and the plastic metal of A3 rod iron end is piled and is welded on T2 copper coin and forms continuous print overlay cladding.
As shown in Figure 2, welding parameter preheat temperature in the present embodiment 800 DEG C, cooling water passes into temperature and is-5 DEG C, the time that passes in advance is 20min, welding parameter during welding is rotating speed 1200r/min, pressure 3.5Mpa, speed of welding is 80mm/min, under this welding parameter, the Temperature Matching of A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin can well be mated, the A3 rod iron that hardness is higher is issued to mecystasis at eddy-current heating and friction heating combined heat, the T2 copper coin that now hardness is lower temperature under the cooling of water cooling plant reduces and does not reach completely softening and by the state of A3 rod iron milling, and rod iron now constantly softens along with friction and induction heating temperature raise and reaches mecystasis, and be transitioned on T2 copper coin along with the relative motion of A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin and the thermograde difference of A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin, thus formation overlay cladding.
As shown in Figure 3,4, by the SEM line scanning to combination interface, as can be seen from FeK line, at faying face place, Fe element does not almost spread to steel side, and equally as can be seen from CuK line, Cu Elements Diffusion is also little to the content of steel side.
From then on line sweep can be found out, the consumptive material friction welding (FW) of the present embodiment realizes the welding of dilution rate.
Embodiment 3
Adopt device and technique that embodiment 2 is identical in the present embodiment, the heating temperatures of A3 steel is replaced with 500 DEG C to preheat temperature.Welding process concrete steps are as follows:
Step (1), the 7 pairs of A3 steel latter end heating of starting resistance heater, by the heating temperatures of A3 steel to preheat temperature 500 DEG C, the rigidity of steel epimere can also be kept to the preheating of steel latter end while playing preheating steel temperature thus ensure the pressure between two kinds of metals, avoid the softening surrender of high rigidity metal integral and cannot pressure be provided.
Step (2), cooling device 2 passes into the cooling water of flowing by bottom through-hole, and water temperature is-5 DEG C, and speed is 2m/min.Water quench T2 copper makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient; T2 copper keeps rigidity that it can be avoided by the milling of A3 steel, and formation temperature gradient is the essential condition that friction surfacing realizes.
Step (3), contacts A3 rod iron with T2 copper coin, and power set 8 provide rotating speed to be 1200r/min, and pressure is that 3.5MPa drives A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin geo-stationary and rubs, and makes A3 rod iron latter end reach plastic temperature interval and produce ductile bed;
Step (4), power set 8 provide the horizontal speed of welding of 50mm/min, make A3 rod iron and T2 copper coin produce relative motion, and the plastic metal of A3 rod iron end is piled and is welded on T2 copper coin and forms continuous print overlay cladding.
Under this welding parameter, the Temperature Matching of A3 steel and T2 copper has problems, two kinds of situations can be divided into: 1, under eddy-current heating and friction heating combined heat, the temperature that A3 rod iron reaches cannot make A3 rod iron soften and reach mecystasis, thus the T2 copper coin milling of soft.2, A3 rod iron reaches mecystasis, but meanwhile T2 copper coin also reaches mecystasis, and T2 copper coin mecystasis now will more than the mecystasis of A3 rod iron, and T2 copper coin still can cannot be completed welding by the milling of A3 rod iron in this case.
Claims (10)
1., with a device for high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, it is characterized in that, comprise
Power set (8), it can make high rigidity metal (6) rotate and give pressure;
One termination electrode of resistive heating device (7) to be connected with high hardness material (6) by brush and to be fixed on power set (8), and other end electrode is fixed on soft metal (4) by interface resistance;
And the cooling device (2) that is covered with layers of copper (3), place soft metal (4) described layers of copper (3) is upper;
Wherein, in the preproduction phase, described high rigidity metal (6) and described soft metal (4) are contactless and without horizontal direction displacement; In the friction heating period, described power set (8) make described high rigidity metal (6) contact with described soft metal (4) but without horizontal direction displacement; In the friction surfacing stage, described power set (8) make described high rigidity metal (6) contact with described soft metal (4) and in the horizontal direction linear movement occur.
2. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, the brush of described resistive heating device (7) is apart from the welding ends 15-25mm place of high rigidity metal (6).
3. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, described cooling device (2) is provided with in the horizontal direction can by the through hole of cooling medium.
4. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, described resistive heating device (7) is provided with temperature sensor, and resistance is resistance is variable resistor, and its resistance maximum is 10k Ω.
5. according to claim 1ly to it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, be subjected to displacement by the soft metal (4) arranged described in compact heap (5) restriction.
6. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, this device can be arranged on workbench (1).
7. according to claim 1 with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, it is characterized in that, described high rigidity metal (6) is bar, length is 75 ~ 200mm, diameter is 15mm ~ 30mm, described soft metal (4) is sheet material, and described layers of copper (3) thickness is 5mm.
8. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, described power set (8) are provided with controller.
9. according to claim 1ly to it is characterized in that with the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, described high rigidity metal and the difference of hardness HV>30 of soft metal.
10. based on described in claim 1-9 with a method for high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal device, it is characterized in that, comprise concrete steps as follows:
Step (1), starting resistance heater (7) is to the heating of high rigidity metal (6) latter end, and the plastic temperature of high rigidity metal (6) is heated to preheat temperature T, and the temperature range of described preheat temperature T is T
1< preheat temperature T<T
2; Described T
1be the interval upper limit of 90% soft metal (4) plastic temperature, T
2the interval upper limit of plastic temperature for high rigidity metal (6), when being heated to preheat temperature T, resistive heating device (7) is cut off the electricity supply;
Step (2), cooling device (2) passes into temperature at the cooling medium of-5 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C, and the speed that passes into is between 1m/min ~ 3m/min;
Step (3), by high rigidity metal (6) and soft Metal Contact, be 600r/min ~ 1700r/min at rotating speed, pressure is drive high rigidity metal (6) and soft metal (4) geo-stationary friction under the condition of 1MPa ~ 5MPa;
Step (4), when high rigidity metal (6) latter end reaches plastic temperature, simultaneously under the horizontal speed of welding of 10mm/min ~ 200mm/min, drive high rigidity metal (6) and soft metal (4) relative motion, make the plastic metal of high rigidity metal (6) end heap be welded in soft metal (4) and go up and form continuous print overlay cladding.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106964993A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-21 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of CMT and multi-axis NC Machine Tools increase and decrease material is combined 3D printing equipment and method |
| CN107262763A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-10-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Million nuclear steam turbine stator portions set split hardfacing alloy layer pin-and-hole processing method |
| CN111962073A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Magnesium alloy surface corrosion-resistant coating, preparation method, device and application |
| CN112139656A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Current-assisted friction additive manufacturing device and method |
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| CN205166171U (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-04-20 | 江苏烁石焊接科技有限公司 | Device with low hardness metal of high rigidity metal friction build -up welding |
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| JPH11267857A (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-10-05 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Friction joining method |
| CN101945725A (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2011-01-12 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | In friction stir process, reduce the sheet material distortion |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106964993A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-21 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of CMT and multi-axis NC Machine Tools increase and decrease material is combined 3D printing equipment and method |
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| CN111962073A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Magnesium alloy surface corrosion-resistant coating, preparation method, device and application |
| CN111962073B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-05-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Corrosion-resistant coating on magnesium alloy surface, preparation method, device and application |
| CN112139656A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Current-assisted friction additive manufacturing device and method |
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| CN105215540B (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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