CN103586577A - Friction welding method of aluminum guide rod and steel claw - Google Patents
Friction welding method of aluminum guide rod and steel claw Download PDFInfo
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- CN103586577A CN103586577A CN201310640017.9A CN201310640017A CN103586577A CN 103586577 A CN103586577 A CN 103586577A CN 201310640017 A CN201310640017 A CN 201310640017A CN 103586577 A CN103586577 A CN 103586577A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a friction welding method of an aluminum guide rod and a steel claw. The method for directly welding the aluminum guide rod and the steel claw in a friction mode is adopted, four stages of frictional heating are adopted, and the rotation speed, the friction pressure and the friction time of a main shaft in the friction process of each stage are set; according to upsetting, when rotation of the main shaft is not stopped completely, rapid feeding is started, the upsetting process is started, and the phase error of the aluminum guide rod and the steel jaw is smaller than +1 degree or -1 degree when braking is over by utilizing closed-loop control. The friction welding joint of the aluminum guide rod and the steel claw is beautiful, a whole static stretching contrast test of the joint is performed on the performance of the joint, the mechanical property of an anode guide rod assembly utilizing friction welding is larger than the mechanical property of an anode rod guide rod assembly utilizing explosion soldering flakes, and therefore the mechanical strength of the joint can meet the requirement of practical application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to friction welding (FW) welding technology field, be specifically related to the friction welding (FW) welding of aluminum guide and steel pawl.
Background technology
Anode conducting device is the important conductive component of electrolytic cell, and what the Novel connecting method of design aluminum guide-steel composites structure was aluminum electrolysis is energy-saving and cost-reducing, significant.At present, general prebaked anode in aluminium cell electric installation adopts welding to combine by aluminum guide, aluminium-steel explosive welding composite sheet and casting steel claw, although this device can meet electrolysis process needs substantially, also has a lot of problems, as:
1. the conduction bottleneck that resistivity is high, the major function of aluminium-steel blast sheet is the connectivity problem that solves aluminum guide and two kinds of unlike materials of cast-steel separator, the lower transverse plane of the top aluminium planar section of explosion welding sheet and aluminum guide adopts the weldering of aluminium-aluminium, circular weld connects, the upper plane of bottom steel planar section and gooseneck, adopt the weldering of steel-steel, circular weld connects, it is long-pending that the cross dimensions of these two kinds of circular welds is all less than aluminum guide primary section and gooseneck primary section, therefore in guide rod group and form a conduction bottleneck.
2. joint is easy to crack, and aluminum guide is easy to crack with melting welding and the explosion welding sheet of blast sheet aluminium end.
Labour intensity large, consume a large amount of wldings, aluminium-steel blast sheet connecting aluminum guide rod and casting steel claw, adopt and melt weldering at present, labor strength is large, condition of work is severe.
Friction welding (FW) is a kind of metal solid-phase thermal press welding method, a kind of high-quality, high efficiency, nontoxic automation and semi-automatic welding method, the friction process initial stage, due to interacting larger friction pressure and there is very high speed of related movement of surface of the work to be welded, metal surface, both sides is accompanied by strong friction stirring, machinery and excavates phenomenon, destroy the oxide layer of metal surface, and extrude on interface at friction feed and upset subsequently; Under friction welding heat-mechanism condition, the high temperature that dissimilar metal contact surface and surperficial near region produce and strong plastic deformation Shi Gai district metallic atom be in height state of activation, thus cause friction welding mass transport process have fast, in short-term, spread significant feature.Comparatively fully diffusion layer is very obvious for the Fe of joint microstructure place and the counterdiffusion of Al phase.In spin friction weldering process, weldment end face temperature has reached metal recrystallization temperature, now the atom of end plane metal is active constantly increases, when being increased to a certain degree, now weldment end face material, in mecystasis, applies a top power, material production plastic deformation, end face surface atom under pressure, to metal inside diffusion, thereby forms the welding point that has " common crystal grain ".
Chinese patent " anode aluminium guide-bar group and the friction-welding machine thereof of friction welding " (patent No. ZL200910020815.5, Granted publication CN101481805B, Granted publication day 2011.07.20) disclose a kind of anode aluminium guide-bar and friction-welding machine thereof of friction welding, this anode rod group is provided with a friction transit joint between steel pawl and aluminum guide.Square aluminum guide and with steel pawl be connected with phase place requirement, and the high-power friction welding method of realizing phase controlling does not also have application before at home.In order to reduce or avoid a difficult problem for high-power friction welding (FW) phase place, there is the method that adds transition taper or garden cheese shape steel disc and aluminum guide, steel pawl in the middle of adopting respectively or carry out friction welding (FW) simultaneously, part connection realizes automation, but joint increases contact interface, still has high resistivity problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of joint be shaped attractive in appearance, have good mechanical property, realize aluminum guide is directly connected and meets the phase controlling that aluminum guide aligns with steel pawl seamed edge friction welding (FW) welding method with steel pawl.
The present invention is the friction welding method of a kind of aluminum guide and steel pawl, and its step is;
(1) before weldering, prepare: the end face to the aluminum guide 1 that will weld cuts, and makes end face smooth; Port to the steel pawl 2 that will weld cuts, and removes surperficial oxide-film and greasy dirt, and makes end face smooth, and the surface roughness of end face is 7 grades; To wanting welding of aluminum guide rod 1 and steel pawl 2 to add, hold material loading, aluminum guide 1 adds to be held in and moves horizontally fixture 8, and steel pawl 2 adds and is held in rotation steel dog chuck 4, and guarantees that two workpiece are on same axis;
(2) friction welding process: contacted and formed friction pair by the lasting section of aluminum guide 1 of feeding and the section of the steel pawl 2 of rotation, welding process comprises friction heating and upset two parts are undertaken by time flow:
1. friction adds rotating speed, the feed speed of aluminum guide 1 and the heating means of fraction time of the change steel pawl 2 of thermal recovery quadravalence section;
2. upset adopts to add and when the main shaft rotation of holding steel pawl 2 and chuck 4 thereof does not also stop completely, starts to add fixture 8 fast feeds that move horizontally of holding aluminum guide 1 and start compressing process, the friction torque producing makes the rotating speed of steel pawl 2 and chuck 4 reduce the skidding effect that realizes, by continuing to apply braking or driving moment to main motor under the judgement of position coder, when being zero, realizes rotating speed the phase controlling requirement of steel pawl 2 and aluminum guide 1 seamed edge alignment, continue to maintain pressurize a period of time, finish the welding process of steel pawl 2 and aluminum guide 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention adopts friction welding (FW) to realize guide rod to have the direct of phase bit function with steel pawl and be connected, reduced the resistance of conductive channel, improve the electrolysis ability of electric current and reduce electrolysis thermal losses.Friction welding technological good stability, joint moulding is continuous, even, attractive in appearance, welding process without splashing, flue dust.Adopt the welding joint mechanical property of friction welding (FW) to be greater than the mechanical property that adopts explosion welding sheet welding point, can meet the demand of electrolysis industry practical application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is direct-connected friction welding apparatus signal and the workpiece action schematic diagram of aluminum guide and steel pawl, the anode conducting device schematic diagram that Fig. 2 adopts explosion welding sheet to connect, in figure, 1-aluminum guide, 2-steel pawl, 3-shaft transmission, 4-rotation steel dog chuck, 5-guide rail, 6-level is taken blame for others, 7-framework platform, 8-aluminum guide moves horizontally fixture; Fig. 3 is friction welding joint integrally stretching inefficacy scene photograph, Fig. 4 is displacement-curve of load figure that friction welding joint integrally stretching lost efficacy, Fig. 5 is the scene photograph of explosive welding (EW) joint global failure, Fig. 6 is displacement-curve of load figure of explosive welding (EW) joint global failure, Fig. 7 is explosion welding sheet joint back scattering figure, and Fig. 8 is friction welding joint secondary electron image.
The specific embodiment
For heavy in section aluminium, steel-steel pair, can realize fast the friction metal enclosed whole rubbing surface of circle's high-temp plastic and avoid huge mechanical oscillation and the problem of too much friction shortening amount, friction adds the heating means that thermal recovery quadravalence section becomes the speed of mainshaft, feed speed and fraction time parameter.Quadravalence section friction heat packs contains: first stage friction applications is in adopting fraction time to reduce under 70 revs/min of lower rotary speeies and the initial friction stage of eliminating the local mechanical oscillation that contact of workpiece for 10 seconds; Second stage friction applications is in adopting fraction time 40 seconds under lower 70 revs/min of rotary speeies and lower 0.1-0.3mm/ work speed second, work end over glaze, radial temperature to be raise and reaching the unstable friction phase of uniform temperature gradient; Phase III friction applications is in adopting fraction time within 40 seconds, to make the mobile stable friction phase that increases the real contact area of friction-welding surface of high-temp plastic under higher 150 revs/min of rotary speeies; Fourth stage friction applications makes to contact the metal enclosed whole rubbing surface of good high-temp plastic under employing fraction time continues for 10 seconds under lower 0.1-0.3mm/ work speed second of higher 150 revs/min of rotary speeies, and reduces workpiece and continue the excessive stable maintenance stage of shortening amount that work is entered to rub and bring.
The molding mode of traditional Continuous Drive Friction Welding upset after upset formative stage generally adopts first skidding.This programme upset adopts adding of rotation not hold when steel pawl and chuck thereof also do not stop completely starting aluminum guide and move horizontally fixture fast feed to start upset, the powerful friction torque that upset produces makes its chuck rotating speed of steel pawl reduce the skidding effect that realizes, by continuing to apply braking or driving moment to main motor under the judgement of position coder, when being zero, realizes rotating speed the phase controlling requirement of steel pawl and the alignment of aluminum guide seamed edge, continue to maintain pressurize a period of time, complete friction welding.Utilizing upset to realize brake, to have the self clean-up action of weld interface strong, the high advantage of the large strength of joint of distortional strain energy that metal is stored, simultaneously huge rotary inertia changes the distortional strain energy of metal, can reduce a large inertia rotational workpieces brake difficult problem, is conducive to the accurate control of phase place.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
The present invention adopts the high-mechanic of development voluntarily, the friction-welding machine of compact conformation, and its friction welding method is applied to aluminum guide and steel pawl is directly connected and meets the phase place requirement that steel pawl pedestal aligns with aluminum guide seamed edge.
As shown in Figure 1, friction-welding machine consists of systems such as fuselage frame for movement, hydraulic system, spindle drive systems, control system, frock clamps.Control system comprises SECO and parameter is controlled, and the aluminum guide that SECO completes material loading, clamping, welding process moves the sequentially-operatings such as work is entered with main shaft rotation, slide unit to retreat, blanking.Parameter has been controlled the control of the speed of mainshaft, the aperture of hydraulic pressure butterfly valve is controlled and the time of welding process is controlled, deflection is controlled, contact starts that judgement, phase place etc. are controlled etc.; Fuselage frame for movement is four guide rail box beam structures, bears the heavy loads such as upset, rotary torque.
as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2,friction-welding machine is when welding, be fixed in steel pawl rotary chuck 4 and aluminum guide movable clamp 8 steel pawl 2 is relative with aluminum guide 1, after steel pawl 2 and aluminum guide 1 are clamped, being positioned at movable clamp 8 that adding on framework platform 7 hold aluminum guide 1 enters by the quick work of 10mm/ speed second with manual mode to adding the rotary chuck 4 of holding steel pawl 2 with guide rail 5, until steel pawl 2 stops quick work while being 5-15mm with aluminum guide 1 end face distance, enter, welding starts.
Steel pawl rotary chuck 4 starts rotation by the first stage friction rotating speed of quadravalence section friction heating, aluminum guide movable clamp 8 starts work with guide rail 5 by first stage feed speed and enters, until having three times, friction torque peak value surpasses 1000N.m, think steel pawl 2 and aluminum guide 1 end contact, after this, carry out mainly with the speed of mainshaft of time control and the multi-stage friction of work speed change, continuing friction and add thermal control.
Upset adopts to add and when the main shaft rotation of holding steel pawl 2 and chuck 4 thereof does not also stop completely, starts to add fixture 8 fast feeds (work is entered) that move horizontally of holding aluminum guide 1 and start compressing process, the powerful friction torque producing makes steel pawl 2 its chuck 4 rotating speeds reduce the skidding effect that realizes, by continuing to apply braking or driving moment to main motor under the judgement of position coder, when being zero, realizes rotating speed the phase controlling requirement of steel pawl 2 and aluminum guide 1 seamed edge alignment, continue to apply large and maintain a period of time, steel pawl rotary chuck 4 unclamps, when aluminum guide movable clamp 8 retreats into original position, aluminum guide movable clamp 8 unclamps, the steel pawl 2 that taking-up is welded as a whole and aluminum guide 1, welding process finishes.
The friction welding (FW) welding method of aluminum guide provided by the invention and steel pawl, comprises the following steps,
Steps A: prepare before weldering
1. the end face of the aluminum guide 1 of needs welding is cut, make end face smooth.Aluminum guide 1 is aluminium alloy, face size 130 * 130mm.
2. the end face of the steel pawl 2 of needs welding is cut, remove surperficial oxide-film and greasy dirt, and make end face smooth, the surface roughness of end face is 7 grades.The cast steel that steel pawl 2 is carbon equivalent≤0.4%, face size 165 * 210mm.
3. aluminum guide 1 and steel pawl 2 are clamped to material loadings to friction-welding machine fixture.
Aluminum guide 1 is clamped on aluminum guide movable clamp 8, and steel pawl 2 is clamped on steel pawl rotary chuck 4, and guarantees that aluminum guide 1 and steel pawl 2 are on same axis.Shaft transmission 3 is connected with steel pawl rotary chuck 4, and shaft transmission 3 output main-shaft torque, are rotated steel pawl rotary chuck 4.The level of the framework platform 7 afterbodys 6 promotion aluminum guide movable clamps 8 of taking blame for others, the functions such as F.F., the friction work that realizes aluminum guide 1 entered, upset, rewind down.
Step B: friction welding process.
Adopt the friction of quadravalence section, steel pawl 2 is done axial-rotation motion and is heated by the friction of quadravalence section with the aluminum guide 1 of making horizontal rectilinear motion, make abrasive end face between aluminum guide 1 and steel pawl 2 have approximately 500 ℃ of plastic metal layers uniformly to distribute, deformation layer metal is evenly extruded formation overlap from friction surface under friction torque and axial compressive force effect, reaches stable friction process;
1. first stage friction: adopting steel pawl 2 and rotary chuck 4 rotating speeds is 70 revs/min, 1 friction feed speed 3mm/ second of aluminum guide, the friction duration is 10 seconds.First stage friction is compared with under the slow-speed of revolution, and in the time of can eliminating or reduce steel pawl 2 and contact with aluminum guide 1 is initial, abrasive end face rigidly connects tactile mechanical oscillation.
2. second stage friction: adopting steel pawl 2 and rotary chuck 4 rotating speeds is 70 revs/min, 1 friction feed speed 0.3mm/ second of aluminum guide, the lasting fraction time of friction is 40 seconds.Second stage friction under compared with the slow-speed of revolution, slow work speed, makes aluminum guide 1 end face plastic metal temperature be elevated to 400-450 ℃.
3. phase III friction: adopting steel pawl 2 and rotary chuck 4 rotating speeds is 150 revs/min, 1 friction feed speed 3mm/ second of aluminum guide, the lasting fraction time of friction is 30 seconds.Phase III friction, under high rotation speed, makes the plastic metal temperature between aluminum guide 1 and steel pawl 2 end faces be elevated to 500 ℃, and makes the plastic metal rapid flow between end face be paved with abrasive end face, increases the real contact area of friction-welding surface.
4. second stage friction: adopting steel pawl 2 and rotary chuck 4 rotating speeds is 150 revs/min, and the friction feed speed of aluminum guide 1 is 0.3mm/ second, and the lasting fraction time of friction is 10 seconds.Fourth stage friction continues at high rotation speed, stop under work enters, making to contact the metal enclosed whole rubbing surface of good high-temp plastic, and reduces friction of workpiece and carry out the shortening amount that work forward (FWD) comes and shorten.
5. the upset stage adopt to adopt adding of rotation not hold when steel pawl and chuck thereof also do not stop completely starting aluminum guide and move horizontally fixture fast feed to start upset, the powerful friction torque that upset produces makes its chuck rotating speed of steel pawl reduce the skidding effect that realizes, the self clean-up action that the method has weld interface is stronger, the high advantage of the large strength of joint of distortional strain energy that metal is stored, rotary inertia changes the distortional strain energy of metal simultaneously, reduce motor positioning control difficulty, be conducive to the accurate control of phase place.
Upset time 0.3 second in advance, upsetting force 1800KN, upset speed 25mm/ second, 10 seconds upset dwell times.
According to friction welding method provided by the invention, the phase error obtaining is less than the anode rod assembly that the steel pawl of 1 ° and aluminum guide connect as one, and carries out Property test of joint.
asshown in Fig. 3, the agitating friction blind riveting head of two kinds of joints is carried out to quasi-tensile test on universal testing machine, draw speed is the tensile mechanical performance of downhole joint under 1mm/min.
as shown in Figure 4,the demonstration of friction welding joint integrally stretching result of the test, peak-peak load is 894KN, and whole tensile strength 52MPa is about 60% of aluminum mother plate intensity, and fracture failure position is friction welding (FW) linkage interface.
Fig. 5 is the scene photograph of explosive welding (EW) joint global failure, as shown in Figure 6, contrast explosive welding (EW) joint integrally stretching result of the test shows, integrally stretching yield load is 595KN, invalid position is the melting welding position of explosion welding sheet aluminium end and aluminum guide, illustrates that friction welding joint can meet engineering instructions for use.
According to friction welding method provided by the invention, obtain steel pawl and the aluminum guide of moulding, carry out joint microstructure micro-analysis
, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8,weld tabs is made to metallographic specimen, slightly erode away crystal boundary Welded Joints place institutional framework and analyze after polishing, as can be seen from the figure, explosive welding (EW) joint faying face is typical wavy whirlpool, and junction exists gap and shrinkage cavity; Friction welding (FW) faying face is tight, has between 2-3 μ m metal diffusion region.
Claims (6)
1. a friction welding method for aluminum guide and steel pawl, its step is;
(1) before weldering, prepare: the end face to the aluminum guide that will weld (1) cuts, and makes end face smooth; Port to the steel pawl (2) that will weld cuts, and removes surperficial oxide-film and greasy dirt, and makes end face smooth, and the surface roughness of end face is 7 grades; To wanting welding of aluminum guide rod (1) and steel pawl (2) to add, hold material loading, aluminum guide (1) adds to be held in and moves horizontally fixture (8), and steel pawl (2) adds and is held in rotation steel dog chuck (4), and guarantees that two workpiece are on same axis;
(2) friction welding process: contacted and formed friction pair by the lasting section of aluminum guide (1) of feeding and the section of the steel pawl (2) of rotation, welding process comprises friction heating and upset two parts are undertaken by time flow:
1. friction adds rotating speed, the feed speed of aluminum guide (1) and the heating means of fraction time of the change steel pawl (2) of thermal recovery quadravalence section;
2. upset adopts to add and when the main shaft rotation of holding steel pawl (2) and chuck (4) thereof does not also stop completely, starts to add fixture (8) fast feed that moves horizontally of holding aluminum guide (1) and start compressing process, the friction torque producing makes the rotating speed of steel pawl (2) and chuck (4) reduce the skidding effect that realizes, by continuing to apply braking or driving moment to main motor under the judgement of position coder, when being zero, realizes rotating speed the phase controlling requirement of steel pawl (2) and the alignment of aluminum guide (1) seamed edge, continue to maintain pressurize a period of time, finish the welding process of steel pawl (2) and aluminum guide (1).
2. the friction welding method of aluminum guide according to claim 1 and steel pawl, it is 70 revs/min that the first stage friction that it is characterized in that starting quadravalence section friction heating adopts steel pawl (2) rotating speed, aluminum guide (1) feed speed 2-5mm/ second, fraction time 10 seconds.
3. the friction welding method for aluminum guide and steel pawl according to claim 1, second stage friction employing steel pawl (2) rotating speed that it is characterized in that quadravalence section friction heating is 70 revs/min, aluminum guide (1) feed speed 0.1-0.3mm/ second, fraction time 40 seconds.
4. the friction welding method of aluminum guide according to claim 1 and steel pawl, it is 150 revs/min that the phase III friction that it is characterized in that quadravalence section friction heating adopts steel pawl (2) rotating speed, aluminum guide (1) feed speed 2-5mm/ second, fraction time 30 seconds.
5. the friction welding method of aluminum guide according to claim 1 and steel pawl, fourth stage friction employing steel pawl (2) rotating speed that it is characterized in that quadravalence section friction heating is 150 revs/min, aluminum guide (1) feed speed 0.1-0.3mm/ second, fraction time 10 seconds.
6. the friction welding method of aluminum guide according to claim 1 and steel pawl, is characterized in that upset time shifts to an earlier date 0.1-1 second, upsetting force 1800KN, upset speed 8-30mm/ second, 10 seconds upset dwell times.
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| CN104014929A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Dissimilar metal welding method for martensite heat-resisting steel and high-temperature nickel base alloy |
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| CN110135123B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-11-22 | 江西理工大学 | Method for obtaining mechanical/metallurgical bonding strength of friction stir welding joint |
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| CN110658860B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-01-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Servo motor pressure and clearance control device under position mode |
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