CN112317947A - Continuous driving friction welding method for aluminum bar and steel bar with outer conical end face - Google Patents
Continuous driving friction welding method for aluminum bar and steel bar with outer conical end face Download PDFInfo
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- CN112317947A CN112317947A CN202010918998.9A CN202010918998A CN112317947A CN 112317947 A CN112317947 A CN 112317947A CN 202010918998 A CN202010918998 A CN 202010918998A CN 112317947 A CN112317947 A CN 112317947A
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- bar
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- steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous driving friction welding method for an aluminum bar and a steel bar with an outer conical end surface, which is used for improving the bonding strength of the aluminum bar and the steel bar and belongs to the technical field of welding, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) the end face of the aluminum bar to be welded is cut and milled to be smooth, the end face of the steel bar to be welded is made into a conical surface with a theta angle, and the end face is made to be smooth; (2) cleaning the end surfaces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar, fixing the aluminum bar and the steel bar by using a rotary clamp and a movable clamp respectively, and ensuring that the aluminum bar and the steel bar are on the same axis; (3) opening a cooling system, starting welding, and taking down the weldment after cooling after welding is finished; according to the invention, one end of the steel bar is designed into the conical surface to reduce the generation of intermetallic compounds, improve the mechanical property of the joint, improve the nonuniformity of interface temperature and improve the bonding strength.
Description
Technical Field
A continuous driving friction welding method for an aluminum rod and a steel rod with an outer conical end face belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to friction welding of the aluminum rod and the steel rod.
Background
The aluminum/steel composite structure has the advantages of high specific strength of aluminum, good electrical and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, high strength of steel, good creep resistance and the like, and can meet a plurality of special use requirements; however, the formation of brittle and hard Fe-Al intermetallic compounds is inevitable whether the aluminum steel dissimilar metals are welded using fusion welding, brazing or solid phase joining methods. Continuous driving friction welding is used as a high-quality, high-efficiency and environment-friendly solid-phase welding method, can effectively reduce the generation of intermetallic compounds when welding dissimilar metals, and has remarkable advantages.
However, the solid phase joining method also has some drawbacks in welding dissimilar materials:
firstly, because the solid solubility of Fe and Al is extremely low, when aluminum and steel are subjected to friction welding, Fe-Al intermetallic compounds still appear at the interface, and the mechanical property of the joint is seriously reduced if the generation amount of the Fe-Al intermetallic compounds is too large, so that the friction heat supply required by the aluminum/steel joint is strictly controlled, when the welding heat is insufficient, the interface temperature is too low, the aluminum side cannot reach a thermoplastic state, the diffusion between the aluminum and the steel is difficult to carry out, and a large amount of brittle compound layers are easily formed due to too much heat, so that the joint is subjected to brittle fracture, and the joint performance is reduced.
Secondly, the friction heating power is unevenly distributed due to different radial direction distribution of friction torque, and the outer heating power is larger than the inner heating power for the round bar-shaped test piece, because the friction surface does not generate plastic deformation comprehensively in the early stage of the initial friction stage and the unstable friction stage, at the moment, the friction surface is mainly in elastic contact, the friction pressure is high in the center and low in the excircle, so that the maximum value of the friction heating power along the radius R of the friction welding surface is not in the excircle and is in the position which is far from the center 2/3R; and in the stable friction stage, the friction surface generates plastic deformation completely, a high-speed plastic deformation layer heat source consisting of high-temperature metal forms an annular heating belt at the position 1/2-1/3R away from the circle center, the annular heating belt rapidly expands towards the circle center and the excircle along with the friction heating, but the temperature of the excircle is possibly too high at the moment, so that the intermetallic compound layer is too thick and the interface temperature is unevenly distributed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the continuous driving friction welding method for the aluminum rod and the steel rod with the outer conical end face is characterized in that one end of the steel rod is designed into the conical surface to reduce generation of intermetallic compounds, improve mechanical properties of a joint, improve non-uniformity of interface temperature and improve bonding strength.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a continuous driving friction welding method for an aluminum rod and a steel rod with an outer conical end face, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the end face of the aluminum bar to be welded is cut and milled to be smooth, the end face of the steel bar to be welded is made into a conical surface with a theta angle, and the end face is made to be smooth:
(2) cleaning the end surfaces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar, fixing the aluminum bar and the steel bar by using a rotary clamp and a movable clamp respectively, and ensuring that the aluminum bar and the steel bar are on the same axis;
(3) and opening the cooling system, starting welding, and cooling and taking down the weldment after the welding is finished.
Preferably, the value range of the angle theta of the conical surface in the step (1) is 120-180 degrees.
Preferably, in the step (2), the cleaning of the end surfaces to be welded is to clean the end surfaces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone.
Preferably, in the step (3), the welding process includes two parts of friction heating and upset forging.
Preferably, in the step (3), the process parameters of the welding process are as follows: the rotating speed of the main motor is 800-1500 r/min, the friction pressure is 20-80 Mpa, the friction time is 0-2 s, the upsetting pressure is 30-100 Mpa, and the upsetting time is 0-3 s.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, one end of the steel bar is designed into a conical surface, friction is firstly generated at the center in the welding process, then friction is sequentially generated at the positions 1/2R and 1/3R away from the circle center, the internal heat is preferentially increased, and the external heat is reduced along with the reduction of the friction time, so that the temperature on a friction interface is more uniform; in the upsetting stage, due to the existence of the taper, the intermetallic compound is more beneficial to being extruded out along with the flash, the thickness of the intermetallic compound can be reduced to a certain extent, the mechanical property of the joint is improved, and along with the increase of the taper, the normal force on the interface is reduced, so that the heat is reduced, and the total heat of the joint is further reduced.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a weldment assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a field sampling at the center of a weld joint for tensile failure;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a field taken at a weld joint located at 1/2R from the center of the circle for tensile failure;
fig. 4 is a photograph of a field taken at a weld joint located at 1/3R from the center of the circle for tensile failure.
Labeled as: 1-aluminum bar, 2-steel bar, 3-rotary clamp and 4-movable clamp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for continuously driving friction welding of an aluminum rod and a steel rod with an outer conical end face, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before welding
The end face of an aluminum bar to be welded is cut and milled to enable the end face to be smooth and flat, and the size of the aluminum bar is phi 25mm multiplied by 150 mm; the end face to be welded of the steel bar is cut and milled through machining, the end face of the steel bar to be welded is made into a conical surface with an angle theta (theta is 160 degrees), the end face of the steel bar to be welded is kept smooth, and the size of the steel bar is phi 25mm multiplied by 100 mm;
(2) assembly
Before welding, the end faces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar are cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and impurities such as an oxide film, oil stains and the like on the surfaces are removed; the aluminum bar is clamped on the rotary clamp, the steel bar is clamped on the movable clamp, and the aluminum bar and the steel bar are ensured to be on the same axis.
(3) Setting process parameters
The welding process comprises two parts of friction heating and upsetting, is carried out according to a time flow, and the set technological parameters are as follows: the friction pressure is 30Mpa, the friction time is 1s, the upsetting pressure is 80Mpa, the upsetting time is 1s, the rear brake is adopted, and the brake time is 0.2 s.
(4) Welding of
And (3) opening a cooling system, starting a main motor, adjusting the rotating speed to 1500r/min, rotating a button to a welding position, checking that all parameters are correct, clicking a welding starting button to start welding, completing the whole welding process, and cooling and then taking down the weldment.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for continuously driving friction welding of an aluminum rod and a steel rod with an outer conical end face, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before welding
The end face of an aluminum bar to be welded is cut and milled to enable the end face to be smooth and flat, and the size of the aluminum bar is phi 25mm multiplied by 150 mm; the end face to be welded of the steel bar is cut and milled through machining, the end face of the steel bar to be welded is made into a conical surface with an angle theta (theta is 120 degrees), the conical surface is kept smooth, and the size of the steel bar is phi 25mm multiplied by 100 mm;
(2) assembly
Before welding, the end faces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar are cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and impurities such as an oxide film, oil stains and the like on the surfaces are removed; the aluminum bar is clamped on the rotary clamp, the steel bar is clamped on the movable clamp, and the aluminum bar and the steel bar are ensured to be on the same axis.
(3) Setting process parameters
The welding process comprises two parts of friction heating and upsetting, is carried out according to a time flow, and the set technological parameters are as follows: the friction pressure is 30Mpa, the friction time is 1s, the upsetting pressure is 50Mpa, the upsetting time is 2s, the rear brake is adopted, and the brake time is 0.2 s.
(4) Welding of
And (3) opening a cooling system, starting a main motor, adjusting the rotating speed to 1000r/min, rotating a button to a welding position, checking that all parameters are correct, clicking a welding starting button to start welding, completing the whole welding process, and cooling and then taking down the weldment.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for continuously driving friction welding of an aluminum rod and a steel rod with an outer conical end face, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before welding
The end face of an aluminum bar to be welded is cut and milled to enable the end face to be smooth and flat, and the size of the aluminum bar is phi 25mm multiplied by 150 mm; the end face to be welded of the steel bar is cut and milled through machining, the end face of the steel bar to be welded is made into a conical surface with an angle theta (theta is 180 degrees), the conical surface is kept smooth, and the size of the steel bar is phi 25mm multiplied by 100 mm;
(2) assembly
Before welding, the end faces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar are cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and impurities such as an oxide film, oil stains and the like on the surfaces are removed; the aluminum bar is clamped on the rotary clamp, the steel bar is clamped on the movable clamp, and the aluminum bar and the steel bar are ensured to be on the same axis.
(3) Setting process parameters
The welding process comprises two parts of friction heating and upsetting, is carried out according to a time flow, and the set technological parameters are as follows: the friction pressure is 30Mpa, the friction time is 1s, the upsetting pressure is 100Mpa, the upsetting time is 1s, the rear brake is adopted, and the brake time is 0.2 s.
(4) Welding of
And (3) opening a cooling system, starting a main motor, adjusting the rotating speed to 1200r/min, rotating a button to a welding position, checking that all parameters are correct, clicking a welding starting button to start welding, completing the whole welding process, and cooling and then taking down the weldment.
According to the end face form design provided by the invention, the aluminum steel joint with good forming is obtained. The test was carried out with the product obtained in example 1:
1. the friction welding joint is subjected to an integral tensile test, and the result shows that: the specimen broke on the aluminum side.
2. Tensile tests were performed on samples taken from the center of the joint, 1/2R and 1/3R from the center of the circle, respectively, and the results showed that: the joints at 1/2R and 1/3R are broken at the aluminum side, the joint at the center is broken at the welding seam, but the tensile strength is increased to 85% of the base material, the joint bonding strength is improved, and the use requirement can be met.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; these modifications and substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A continuous driving friction welding method for an aluminum rod and a steel rod with an outer conical end face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the end face of the aluminum bar to be welded is cut and milled to be smooth, the end face of the steel bar to be welded is made into a conical surface with a theta angle, and the end face is made to be smooth;
(2) cleaning the end surfaces to be welded of the aluminum bar and the steel bar, fixing the aluminum bar and the steel bar by using a rotary clamp and a movable clamp respectively, and ensuring that the aluminum bar and the steel bar are on the same axis;
(3) and opening the cooling system, starting welding, and cooling and taking down the weldment after the welding is finished.
2. The continuous driving friction welding method for the aluminum rod and the steel rod with the outer conical end face as claimed in claim 1, wherein the value range of the theta angle of the conical surface in the step (1) is 120-180 degrees.
3. The continuous driving friction welding method for the aluminum rod and the steel rod with the outer conical end face as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cleaning of the end faces to be welded is to clean the end faces to be welded of the aluminum rod and the steel rod by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone.
4. The continuous drive friction welding method of aluminum bar and steel bar with outer conical end face as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the welding process comprises two parts of friction heating and upset forging.
5. The continuous driving friction welding method for the aluminum rod and the steel rod with the outer conical end face as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the process parameters of the welding process are as follows: the rotating speed of the main motor is 800-1500 r/min, the friction pressure is 20-80 Mpa, the friction time is 0-2 s, the upsetting pressure is 30-100 Mpa, and the upsetting time is 0-3 s.
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| CN202010918998.9A CN112317947A (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | Continuous driving friction welding method for aluminum bar and steel bar with outer conical end face |
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| CN202010918998.9A CN112317947A (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | Continuous driving friction welding method for aluminum bar and steel bar with outer conical end face |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113161839A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-23 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Friction welding process for power cable intermediate joint conductor |
| CN113798657A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-17 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Method for realizing high-strength connection of dissimilar alloys by utilizing conical friction welding mode |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113161839A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-23 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Friction welding process for power cable intermediate joint conductor |
| CN113798657A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-17 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Method for realizing high-strength connection of dissimilar alloys by utilizing conical friction welding mode |
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