CN114406439A - Claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method - Google Patents
Claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114406439A CN114406439A CN202111668965.4A CN202111668965A CN114406439A CN 114406439 A CN114406439 A CN 114406439A CN 202111668965 A CN202111668965 A CN 202111668965A CN 114406439 A CN114406439 A CN 114406439A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Abstract
A claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and a friction stir rivet welding method are provided, wherein the claw-shaped rivet comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, and the riveting section is composed of a plurality of nail legs which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the upper surface of the clamping section is provided with a clamping groove and a positioning groove, and the lower surface of the clamping section is provided with a circular groove; the end surface of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section is an inwards concave conical surface and is provided with an annular flow guide groove; the outer/inner peripheral side wall surfaces of the nail legs are arc cylindrical surfaces, the centers of the circles of the arc cylindrical surfaces are overlapped, and the thickness of the nail legs is 1-3 mm; the screw thread convex ribs are arranged on the side wall surfaces of the peripheries of the nail legs; two side vertical surfaces for connecting the inner and outer side wall surfaces of the nail leg are set as flow guide surfaces, the included angle between the flow guide surface and the wall surface is 30-160 degrees, and the two flow guide surfaces are respectively a forward inclined plane and a backward inclined curved surface; the side end face of the nail leg shaft is an inclined plane and is provided with a cutting lug. The method comprises the following steps: initially rotating and binding and applying ultrasonic vibration; stopping rolling and regulating the temperature through rivet rotation; secondary rotation is carried out, and the rivet is downwards rolled to an interface or a set position; press down quickly and form a mechanical interlock at the interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir rivet welding, and particularly relates to a claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and a friction stir rivet welding method.
Background
With the acceleration of scientific and technological research and development, the development of manufacturing industry and the diversification of industrial requirements, the same metal structure can not meet the industrial use requirements due to single performance, and the dissimilar metal structure can be scientifically and reasonably matched according to the physicochemical property and the mechanical property of each material and the service requirement, so that the method is widely applied to the fields of electric power industry, automobile manufacturing, ships and ships, aerospace and the like. Because the application of dissimilar metal structures is often determined by the quality of the connection, achieving high-strength effective connections has broad and profound significance in scientific research and engineering applications.
Due to the fact that the physical characteristics, chemical components and mechanical properties of dissimilar metals which are difficult to connect are different greatly, and chemical reactions can occur among different materials, the connection of the dissimilar metals is complex compared with the connection of the same metal, and a plurality of problems still exist when the dissimilar metals are connected through welding.
For example: firstly, when aluminum steel is welded and connected, because the solid solubility between the aluminum steel is extremely low, brittle and hard intermetallic compounds are easily formed, and the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum steel and the intermetallic compounds is large, large residual stress is generated after welding, cracks are initiated and expanded in the intermetallic compound layer, and the joint strength is reduced.
Secondly, when the aluminum and the copper are welded and connected, because the thermal physical properties of the aluminum and the copper are greatly different, a plurality of brittle and hard indissolvable intermetallic compounds can be formed at the interface, so that the defects of air holes, cracks, oxidation and the like are easily generated after welding.
And thirdly, when the titanium steel is welded and connected, because the difference between the melting point and the heat conductivity of the titanium steel is large, great residual stress can be formed after welding, so that cracks are generated in welding seams, and brittle intermetallic compounds are easily generated between the titanium steel, so that the plasticity and the high-temperature performance of the joint can be further reduced.
Therefore, the problems of low tensile strength, poor weld forming, low stability, difficult regulation and control of an intermetallic compound layer at an interface and the like commonly exist in dissimilar metal welding at present, so that a relatively mature mechanical riveting mode is still adopted mostly when dissimilar metals are connected. However, the mechanical riveted joint still has the problems of short fatigue life, poor sealing performance, easy corrosion and the like. Because the through holes need to be prefabricated on the plates during mechanical riveting, the process complexity is increased in the hole making process, and the service performance is affected by the burrs and other redundant products generated in the hole making process, so that the cost of the mechanical riveting process is greatly increased.
The mechanical riveting process for prefabricating the through hole cannot meet the requirement of high-strength dissimilar metal connection, so the self-piercing riveting technology comes along with the production, and although the self-piercing riveting can effectively avoid the problems brought by prefabricating the through hole, the self-piercing riveting technology has a limitation on the applicability of the riveting material. When riveting metal with higher hardness, the semi-hollow rivet needs to be quickly punched and punched to be connected with a plate, so that the rivet is easy to have phenomena of upsetting, breaking and the like, and effective mechanical interlocking cannot be formed. When riveting metal with low toughness and high brittleness, the plate to be connected is easy to crack, so that the strength and the fatigue performance of the joint are reduced.
Therefore, aiming at the limitation of the Self-piercing Riveting process, a Self-piercing Friction Riveting technology (F-SPR for short) is proposed, in the implementation process of the Self-piercing Friction Riveting technology, a semi-hollow rivet rotating at a high speed needs to be fixed into the plates to be connected, the rivet and the upper and lower plates form mechanical Self-locking, and meanwhile, the rivet is in solid-phase connection with the riveted metal under the action of frictional heat.
For example, chinese patent application No. 201610566456.3 discloses a rivet for self-piercing friction rivet welding and a self-piercing friction rivet welding connection system thereof, which can improve the stability and riveting precision of the rivet during high-speed rotation, but the annular hollow rivet adopted by the rivet is not easily deformed in the upsetting-riveting stage, which causes insufficient opening of the rivet legs, resulting in a smaller mechanical interlocking amount, and heat generated by the rivet rotation friction is not sufficient to soften metal with low ductility, which cannot inhibit cracking of the plate, and cannot realize solid-phase connection of the rivet and the metal to be riveted, which finally reduces the mechanical-solid-phase dual connection strength.
The application number 201911256371.5 discloses a tool and a method for friction stir spot welding and riveting to remove the hook-shaped defect of aluminum steel lap joint, which adds a raised platform at the middle lower part of a conventional stirring head to enable the bottom of the platform and an aluminum steel lap joint plane to rub to provide heat so as to break a lap joint interface and realize a connection mode of welding, riveting and combining. However, the stirring pin at the bottom of the raised platform is easy to be integrally broken when the cutter is lifted, and the joint is easy to be damaged due to the extremely high tensile force when the cutter is lifted, so that the connection strength of the joint is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and the friction stir rivet welding method, and the claw type rivet with the brand-new design can effectively reduce the deformation difficulty of the rivet, improve the mechanical self-locking strength of the rivet, guide the plastic metal to flow and improve the sealing performance of a riveted joint; through the combination of the rivet and the process method, the heat input in the riveting process can be reasonably controlled, the problem of insufficient heat generation of the rivet is solved, the metallurgical connection among dissimilar metal plates, the rivet and the plates is promoted, the ductility of the plates is improved, the rivet is easy to prick, and the plates are prevented from cracking; the intermetallic compound generated by the dissimilar metal under the action of heat can be effectively regulated and controlled through ultrasonic vibration, and the connection performance of the dissimilar metal difficult to connect is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the clamping section is of a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section is a clamping and positioning side, and the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is a shaft shoulder side; the riveting section is located the shaft shoulder side of centre gripping section, and the riveting section comprises many nail legs, and many nail legs set up along the circumferencial direction equipartition, and the quantity of nail leg is 2 ~ 6.
The clamping device comprises a clamping section and a clamping section, wherein a plurality of clamping grooves are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section along the circumferential direction, a positioning groove is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section, and a circular groove is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section.
The end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section disc outside the nail leg is an inwards concave conical surface, and an annular flow guide groove is formed in the end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section disc outside the nail leg.
The outer peripheral side wall surfaces and the inner peripheral side wall surfaces of the nail legs are arc cylindrical surfaces, and the centers of circles of the outer peripheral side wall surfaces and the inner peripheral inner wall surfaces of all the nail legs are overlapped; the thickness of the nail legs in the radial direction is 1 mm-3 mm.
The screw thread convex ribs are arranged on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of the nail legs, and the screw thread convex ribs on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of all the nail legs are mutually extended in a screw thread mode.
Two side vertical surfaces for connecting the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are respectively provided with a first guide surface and a second guide surface, the included angle between the first guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees, and the included angle between the second guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees; the first flow guide surface is a plane and inclines forwards, and the second flow guide surface is a curved surface and inclines backwards.
The end face of the shaft side of the nail leg is an inclined plane, and a cutting lug is arranged on the end face of the shaft side of the nail leg at the intersection of the first flow guide surface and the wall surface at the outer periphery side.
A friction stir rivet welding method adopts the claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: initial rotary binding stage
Controlling a pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine to press downwards until the pressing ring is in close contact with the surface of the upper layer material to be welded, then controlling a chuck of the friction stir welding machine to rotate and driving a claw-shaped rivet to be stabbed, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the chuck or the pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine in the process of stabbing the claw-shaped rivet;
step two: temperature control phase
When the depth of the jaw rivet to be pierced in the upper layer of the material to be welded reaches a set value, controlling the rotating jaw rivet to stop piercing, then adjusting the rotating speed of the jaw rivet, and regulating and controlling the temperature distribution at the interface of the dissimilar metal material joint by changing the rotation of the jaw rivet, so that the dissimilar metal material and the jaw rivet interface obtain uniform temperature distribution meeting the solid-state welding requirement;
step three: secondary rotary binding stage
Controlling the rotary claw-shaped rivet to continue rolling until the rolling depth of the claw-shaped rivet reaches the interface of the dissimilar material joint or the set position in the lower layer material to be welded;
step four: fast press down phase
And controlling the claw-shaped rivet to stop rotating and to be pressed down quickly, so that the leg of the claw-shaped rivet which is softened by heating is extruded and deformed to be opened under the obstruction of the lower layer material to be welded, and further forming mechanical interlocking at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal materials.
In the pre-welding preparation stage before the first step, firstly, oil stains on the surfaces to be welded of the dissimilar metal materials are removed by adopting alcohol or acetone, then the upper layer and the lower layer of the materials to be welded are lapped together by utilizing a clamp to be fixed, then the claw-shaped rivet is assembled with a chuck of the friction stir welding machine through a clamping section of the claw-shaped rivet, and finally the chuck with the claw-shaped rivet is moved to the position above the riveting and welding position of the materials to be welded.
In the preparation stage before the first step, friction stir rivet welding parameters from the first step to the fourth step need to be set, including the rotation speed, the pressing amount and the retention time of the claw rivet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional mechanical riveting, the invention eliminates the complex hole prefabrication process, reduces the process cost, has small and controllable heat input in the riveting and welding process, simultaneously introduces ultrasonic vibration, can change the interface dynamic environment through high-frequency change acoustic current and cavitation effect caused by the ultrasonic vibration, effectively inhibits the attachment growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface, macroscopically shows that the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is reduced, and can form mechanical interlocking and metallurgical bonding between the claw-shaped rivet and dissimilar materials, thereby greatly improving the bonding strength of dissimilar metals difficult to connect.
2. According to the invention, through the newly designed claw-shaped rivet, the effective stirring area of the rivet can be effectively increased, the plastic metal flow degree of the stirring area is increased, the heat production efficiency is improved, the temperature required by riveting can be obtained in a short time, the processing time is shortened, the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds is reduced, meanwhile, a large amount of heat can also ensure that the metallurgical bonding of the unstirred dissimilar metal interface in the cylindrical space inside the nail leg is realized, and the mechanical property of the riveting joint is further improved.
3. The thickness of the nail legs of the claw-shaped rivet is set to be 1-3 mm, and the nail legs are heated and softened to be more easily deformed and opened through the heat generated by the rotation friction of the rivet so as to form excellent mechanical interlocking and further improve the mechanical interlocking strength.
4. The claw-shaped rivet adopts the nail leg designed by the fluid curved surface, in the rotating and pressing-down process of the claw-shaped rivet, the two flow guide surfaces of the nail leg can promote the metal material to flow to the cylindrical space area at the inner side of the nail leg and fill the cylindrical space area, and the overflowing metal material can fill the annular flow guide groove on the shaft shoulder end surface of the clamping section at the outer side of the nail leg after flowing out from the root part of the nail leg to form sealing connection, so that the corrosion resistance of the joint is improved, the chip removal is reduced, the subsequent processing cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the threaded convex rib on the wall surface at the outer peripheral side of the nail leg can also accelerate the longitudinal metal flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view (viewing angle I) of a claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view (viewing angle two) of a claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view (viewing angle III) of a claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view (view angle four) of a claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of the friction stir rivet welding method of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-nail leg, 2-clamping groove, 3-positioning groove, 4-circular groove, 5-annular guide groove, 6-outer circumference side wall surface, 7-inner circumference side wall surface, 8-thread convex rib, 9-first guide surface, 10-second guide surface, 11-cutting convex block, 12-pressing ring, 13-claw type rivet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the clamping section is of a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section is a clamping and positioning side, and the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is a shaft shoulder side; the riveting section is located the shaft shoulder side of centre gripping section, and the riveting section comprises many nail legs 1, and many nail legs 1 set up along the circumferencial direction equipartition, and the quantity of nail leg 1 is 2 ~ 6.
The clamping device comprises a clamping section and is characterized in that a plurality of clamping grooves 2 are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section along the circumferential direction, a positioning groove 3 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section, and a circular groove 4 is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section.
The end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section disc outside the nail leg 1 is an inwards concave conical surface, and an annular flow guide groove 5 is formed in the end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section disc outside the nail leg 1.
The outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail legs 1 are both arc cylindrical surfaces, and the centers of circles of the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of all the nail legs 1 are overlapped; the thickness of the nail legs 1 in the radial direction is 1 mm-3 mm.
The screw thread convex ribs 8 are arranged on the wall surfaces 6 on the outer periphery of the nail legs 1, and the screw thread convex ribs 8 on the wall surfaces 6 on the outer periphery of all the nail legs 1 are mutually extended by screw threads.
Two side vertical surfaces for connecting the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 are respectively provided with a first guide surface 9 and a second guide surface 10, the included angle between the first guide surface 9 and the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 is 30-160 degrees, and the included angle between the second guide surface 10 and the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 is 30-160 degrees; the first flow guiding surface 9 is a plane and inclines forward, and the second flow guiding surface 10 is a curved surface and inclines backward.
The end face of the nail leg 1 on the shaft side is an inclined plane, and a cutting lug 11 is arranged on the end face of the nail leg 1 on the shaft side at the intersection of the first flow guide face 9 and the outer peripheral side wall face 5.
In the embodiment, the number of the nail legs 1 is 3, the thickness of the nail legs 1 in the radial direction is 2mm, the forward inclination angle of the first flow guide surface 9 is 2-20 degrees, the backward inclination angle of the second flow guide surface 10 is 2-20 degrees, the included angle between the first flow guide surface 9 and the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 of the nail leg 1 is 30-40 degrees, the included angle between the first flow guide surface 9 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 is 130-160 degrees, the included angle between the second flow guide surface 10 and the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 of the nail leg 1 is 40-60 degrees, the included angle between the second flow guide surface 10 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 is 100-130 degrees, the inclined angle of the axial side end surface of the nail leg 1 is 10-30 degrees, the cone angle of the axial shoulder end surface of the disc of the clamping section outside the nail leg 1 is 175-180 degrees, and the threaded convex rib 8 is a right-handed thread.
In this embodiment, the material to be welded on the upper layer is an aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plate, the material to be welded on the lower layer is a DP590 steel plate, the thickness of the aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plate is 3mm, the thickness of the DP590 steel plate is 2mm, and the rotation direction of the claw rivet 13 is counterclockwise.
A friction stir rivet welding method, as shown in fig. 5, using the claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: initial rotary binding stage
Controlling a pressing ring 12 of the friction stir welding machine to press downwards until the pressing ring 12 is in close contact with the surface of the upper layer material to be welded, then controlling a chuck of the friction stir welding machine to rotate and driving a claw-shaped rivet 13 to be downwards pricked, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the chuck of the friction stir welding machine or the pressing ring 12 in the process of downwards pricking the claw-shaped rivet 13; in the preparation stage before welding, firstly, removing oil stains on the surfaces to be welded of dissimilar metal materials by using alcohol or acetone, then lapping and fixing the upper layer and the lower layer of materials to be welded together by using a clamp, then assembling the claw-shaped rivet 13 with a chuck of a friction stir welding machine through a clamping section of the claw-shaped rivet 13, and finally moving the chuck with the claw-shaped rivet 13 to the position above the riveting and welding position of the materials to be welded; in addition, the setting of friction stir rivet welding parameters is required to be completed before welding, and the parameters comprise the rotating speed, the pressing amount and the retention time of the claw-shaped rivet 13 in each stage;
step two: temperature control phase
When the rolling depth of the claw rivet 13 on the upper layer of the material to be welded reaches a set value, controlling the rotating claw rivet 13 to stop rolling, then adjusting the rotating speed of the claw rivet 13, and regulating and controlling the temperature distribution at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal material by changing the rotation of the claw rivet 13, so that the dissimilar metal material and the claw rivet 13 interface obtain uniform temperature distribution meeting the solid-state welding requirement;
step three: secondary rotary binding stage
Controlling the rotary claw-shaped rivet 13 to continue to be pricked until the pricking depth of the claw-shaped rivet 13 reaches the interface of the dissimilar material joint or the set position in the lower layer material to be welded;
step four: fast press down phase
And controlling the claw-shaped rivet 13 to stop rotating and to be pressed down rapidly, so that the leg 1 of the claw-shaped rivet 13 softened by heat is extruded and deformed to be opened under the obstruction of the lower layer material to be welded, and further forming mechanical interlocking at the interface of the dissimilar metal material joint. Then, the connection between the chuck of the friction stir welding machine and the claw-shaped rivet 13 can be disconnected, the compression ring 12 is controlled to move upwards, the compression on the upper layer of the material to be welded is released, and the friction stir rivet welding process is finished.
After the friction stir rivet welding process, the connection strength of the aluminum steel dissimilar metal plates can be greatly improved. In the friction stir rivet welding process, when the cutting lug 11 on the shaft side end face of the claw-shaped rivet 13 leg 1 is in contact with the upper layer aluminum alloy plate, along with the rotation of the claw-shaped rivet 13, the cutting lug 11 starts to cut the upper layer aluminum alloy plate under the rotating and pressing effect, and then the leg 1 of the claw-shaped rivet 13 is easier to prick into the upper layer aluminum alloy plate. Along with the continuous rotation and pressing of the claw-shaped rivet 13, the aluminum alloy material entering from the first flow guide surface 9 is difficult to flow out from the lower end of the second flow guide surface 10, and the aluminum alloy material can be gathered in the cylindrical space at the inner sides of the three nail legs 1. When the claw-shaped rivet 13 is pricked into the lower steel plate, the aluminum alloy material fills the cylindrical space inside the three nail legs 1, and then the aluminum alloy material is discharged from the upper end of the second flow guide surface 10 and further enters the annular flow guide groove 5, so that the sealing connection is formed. Through the design of many nail legs 1, effectively improved the heat production efficiency of claw type rivet 13, reduced process time simultaneously to the required heat of formation metallurgical bonding between dissimilar panel, panel and the rivet has been provided. In addition, ultrasonic vibration is applied through a chuck or a compression ring 12 of the friction stir welding machine in the process of rolling down the claw-shaped rivet 13, so that the attachment growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface can be effectively inhibited, and the joint strength is ensured. During the rapid pressing stage, the legs 1 of the thinner claw rivet 13 are softened by heat and are more easily deformed and spread apart to form a good mechanical interlock. In continuous friction stir rivet welding, through the quick convenient clamping of claw type rivet 13, very big improvement production efficiency.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding which characterized in that: the riveting fixture comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the clamping section is of a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section is a clamping and positioning side, and the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is a shaft shoulder side; the riveting section is located the shaft shoulder side of centre gripping section, and the riveting section comprises many nail legs, and many nail legs set up along the circumferencial direction equipartition, and the quantity of nail leg is 2 ~ 6.
2. A claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping device comprises a clamping section and a clamping section, wherein a plurality of clamping grooves are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section along the circumferential direction, a positioning groove is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section, and a circular groove is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section.
3. A claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 1, wherein: the end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section disc outside the nail leg is an inwards concave conical surface, and an annular flow guide groove is formed in the end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section disc outside the nail leg.
4. A claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 1, wherein: the outer peripheral side wall surfaces and the inner peripheral side wall surfaces of the nail legs are arc cylindrical surfaces, and the centers of circles of the outer peripheral side wall surfaces and the inner peripheral inner wall surfaces of all the nail legs are overlapped; the thickness of the nail legs in the radial direction is 1 mm-3 mm.
5. A jaw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 4, wherein: the screw thread convex ribs are arranged on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of the nail legs, and the screw thread convex ribs on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of all the nail legs are mutually extended in a screw thread mode.
6. A jaw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 4, wherein: two side vertical surfaces for connecting the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are respectively provided with a first guide surface and a second guide surface, the included angle between the first guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees, and the included angle between the second guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees; the first flow guide surface is a plane and inclines forwards, and the second flow guide surface is a curved surface and inclines backwards.
7. A jaw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 6, wherein: the end face of the shaft side of the nail leg is an inclined plane, and a cutting lug is arranged on the end face of the shaft side of the nail leg at the intersection of the first flow guide surface and the wall surface at the outer periphery side.
8. A friction stir rivet welding method using the claw rivet for friction stir rivet welding according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: initial rotary binding stage
Controlling a pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine to press downwards until the pressing ring is in close contact with the surface of the upper layer material to be welded, then controlling a chuck of the friction stir welding machine to rotate and driving a claw-shaped rivet to be stabbed, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the chuck or the pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine in the process of stabbing the claw-shaped rivet;
step two: temperature control phase
When the depth of the jaw rivet to be pierced in the upper layer of the material to be welded reaches a set value, controlling the rotating jaw rivet to stop piercing, then adjusting the rotating speed of the jaw rivet, and regulating and controlling the temperature distribution at the interface of the dissimilar metal material joint by changing the rotation of the jaw rivet, so that the dissimilar metal material and the jaw rivet interface obtain uniform temperature distribution meeting the solid-state welding requirement;
step three: secondary rotary binding stage
Controlling the rotary claw-shaped rivet to continue rolling until the rolling depth of the claw-shaped rivet reaches the interface of the dissimilar material joint or the set position in the lower layer material to be welded;
step four: fast press down phase
And controlling the claw-shaped rivet to stop rotating and to be pressed down quickly, so that the leg of the claw-shaped rivet which is softened by heating is extruded and deformed to be opened under the obstruction of the lower layer material to be welded, and further forming mechanical interlocking at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal materials.
9. A friction stir rivet welding method according to claim 8, wherein: in the pre-welding preparation stage before the first step, firstly, oil stains on the surfaces to be welded of the dissimilar metal materials are removed by adopting alcohol or acetone, then the upper layer and the lower layer of the materials to be welded are lapped together by utilizing a clamp to be fixed, then the claw-shaped rivet is assembled with a chuck of the friction stir welding machine through a clamping section of the claw-shaped rivet, and finally the chuck with the claw-shaped rivet is moved to the position above the riveting and welding position of the materials to be welded.
10. A friction stir rivet welding method according to claim 8, wherein: in the preparation stage before the first step, friction stir rivet welding parameters from the first step to the fourth step need to be set, including the rotation speed, the pressing amount and the retention time of the claw rivet.
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| CN202111668965.4A CN114406439B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method |
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