CN215658386U - Resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding - Google Patents
Resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN215658386U CN215658386U CN202121161666.7U CN202121161666U CN215658386U CN 215658386 U CN215658386 U CN 215658386U CN 202121161666 U CN202121161666 U CN 202121161666U CN 215658386 U CN215658386 U CN 215658386U
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Abstract
A resistance spot welding electrode for welding aluminum steel dissimilar metals is characterized in that a first electrode in contact with steel is provided with an annular groove, the annular groove divides a welding surface of the first electrode into an inner welding surface and an outer welding surface, and the inner welding surface is higher than the outer welding surface; the center of the second electrode which is contacted with the aluminum is provided with a concave cambered surface, and the periphery of the concave cambered surface is at least provided with a convex circular ring structure. During welding, the inner welding surface of the first electrode enables steel to generate large deformation, and the bulge is embedded into the aluminum workpiece to form a concave-convex interface structure; after the outer welding surface is contacted with steel, partial current is concentrated on the outer welding surface, so that the area of a welding spot is enlarged. The convex ring structure on the periphery of the concave cambered surface of the second electrode attracts welding current to the periphery, so that resistance heat is distributed more uniformly in the aluminum workpiece, and the excessive growth of an aluminum nugget onto the surface of the aluminum workpiece is avoided. The electrode of the utility model is used for welding aluminum steel dissimilar metal, which can effectively improve the strength of resistance spot welding joints and prolong the service life of the aluminum electrode.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of material welding, and particularly relates to a resistance spot welding electrode for welding aluminum-steel dissimilar metals.
Background
The weight reduction of the automobile body can effectively improve the fuel efficiency and reduce the emission of harmful gases, and because the aluminum alloy material has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and the like, more aluminum alloys are gradually added in the automobile industry to manufacture the automobile body at present, so that the weight reduction of the automobile body is realized by using less steel materials. Therefore, aluminum-steel hybrid vehicle bodies are the current and future trend of development. The connection between aluminum alloy and steel dissimilar metals is inevitable in the manufacture of aluminum-steel hybrid vehicle bodies. At present, the connection of aluminum steel and dissimilar metal is mainly realized by mechanical connection, including self-piercing riveting, flow drilling screws and the like. However, the mechanical connection has limitations, on one hand, the weight of the component is increased by the mechanically connected rivets and the like, different riveting dies and equipment are needed for the rivets with different specifications, and the equipment investment cost is also increased; riveting on the other hand also has its limitations, such as that the nail is easily upset or does not spread out efficiently to form a secure mechanical connection.
Because of high welding efficiency and automation degree, reliable quality and low cost, resistance spot welding is one of the main methods for connecting automobile materials, and usually 3000-5000 resistance spot welding spots are available on one automobile. Therefore, if the resistance spot welding technology can be adopted to realize the welding of the aluminum-steel dissimilar metals, the welding method has great economic benefits. However, the conventional resistance spot welding process for joining aluminum and steel dissimilar metals faces huge challenges such as formation of blowholes, spatters, and brittle intermetallic compounds in the weld and easily forming brittle intermetallic compounds, which greatly reduce the strength of the weld. When dissimilar metals of aluminum steel are welded by resistance spot welding, due to the huge difference of melting points of the two metals, during welding, the aluminum workpiece is usually locally melted to form liquid aluminum which is wetted and spread on the surface of the steel workpiece which is still in a solid state, the connecting interface of a welding joint is usually straight, meanwhile, a brittle Fe-Al series intermetallic compound layer with uneven thickness exists in the interface, when a welding spot is loaded, cracks easily and rapidly expand along the compound on the flat interface to fail, and the connecting performance of the joint is extremely poor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model solves the problems: in order to overcome the defects of the existing aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding process, the resistance spot welding electrode for welding the aluminum steel dissimilar metal is provided, and the welding current distribution, the welding spot structure and the nugget shape are changed through a unique welding surface structure, so that the mechanical property of a joint is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding is characterized in that:
the utility model provides at least two-layer work piece that piles up the laminating each other, pile up the work piece each other and include steel work piece and aluminium work piece, wherein the steel work piece is first side work piece, the aluminium work piece is as second side work piece, first side work piece and second side work piece tightly laminate each other.
The method comprises the steps of enabling a first electrode to be in contact with a first side workpiece of workpieces stacked on each other, wherein the welding surface of the first electrode is characterized in that an annular groove is formed, the annular groove divides the welding surface of the first electrode into an inner welding surface and an outer welding surface, the height of the inner welding surface is larger than that of the outer welding surface, and the bottom of the annular groove is lower than that of the outer welding surface. The height difference between the inner welding surface and the outer welding surface of the first electrode is 0.05-1.2 mm, and the height difference between the annular groove and the outer welding surface is 0.1-1.5 mm.
And contacting a second electrode with a second side workpiece of the workpieces stacked mutually, wherein the center of the welding surface of the second electrode is a concave arc surface, and at least one convex circular ring is arranged along the periphery of the concave arc surface. The diameter of the raised circular ring structure welded on the second electrode is larger than the inner welding surface of the first electrode, and the height of the raised circular ring structure is 0.1-0.8 mm; the maximum depth of the concave cambered surface is 0.05-1.0 mm, and the concave cambered surface is not larger than the convex ring structure.
Before welding, the first electrode is abutted against the surface of a first side workpiece in the workpieces stacked mutually, and the first electrode only has the surface of the workpiece with the inner welding surface at the moment because the inner welding surface of the first electrode is higher than the outer welding surface; the convex ring structure on the periphery of the second electrode firstly contacts the surface of the second side workpiece. Moreover, the first electrode is aligned with the second electrode face to clamp the workpieces stacked on each other.
After the electrode is in place, welding current is applied to the electrode, the welding current flows between the first electrode and the second electrode, the welding surface in the first electrode is firstly contacted with the surface of a first side workpiece, all electrode force and high concentrated welding current are borne, resistance heat heats and softens the welding point of the steel workpiece, the welding surface of the first electrode is extruded into the surface of the first side workpiece to force the first side workpiece to deform, the deformation is transmitted to the interface of the first side workpiece and the second side workpiece, and then the convex part of the first side workpiece is embedded into the second side workpiece to form a concave-convex interface. After the inner welding surface of the first electrode extrudes the surface of the workpiece on the first side, the surface of the workpiece on the periphery of the inner welding surface simultaneously deforms and rises to the first electrode side to the annular groove of the electrode. After the inner welding surface of the first electrode extrudes the first side workpiece to deform to a certain stage, the outer welding surface of the first electrode is contacted with the surface of the first side workpiece, partial current concentrated on the inner welding surface is dispersed onto the outer welding surface, and the welding spot area is enlarged to realize the increase of the nugget size.
The concave arc surface structure at the center of the second electrode delays the contact of the central area of the second electrode with a workpiece, the convex circular ring structure at the welding periphery of the second electrode is prior to the contact of the workpiece, the effect of absorbing current to the peripheral distribution of the second electrode is realized, after the workpiece at the first side deforms and the workpiece at the second side expands due to heating, the concave arc surface of the second electrode is forced to be in contact with the surface of the workpiece at the second side, the contact area of the enlarged second electrode and the workpiece is enlarged, the welding current density is more dispersed on the workpiece at the second side, the current density at the center of a welding spot on the workpiece at the second side is reduced, a more uniform intermetallic compound layer is formed on the interface, meanwhile, the phenomenon that the center of the welding spot generates excessive resistance heat to melt the workpiece at the second side and splash is avoided, and the abrasion process of the second side electrode is slowed down.
After the electrification is stopped, the molten aluminum melting pool is solidified and combined with the surface of the steel workpiece attached to the molten aluminum melting pool to form a welding spot, the welding spot interface is a concave-convex embedded combination interface, and the second side workpiece nugget covers the convex structure formed by the first side workpiece.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the inner welding surface of the first electrode generates large deformation to the first side workpiece, a concave-convex embedded combination interface is formed between the first side workpiece and the second side workpiece, and the contact area of the interface is increased by the convex steel interface structure compared with the traditional flat welding seam interface; in addition, the steel interface extrudes the nugget towards the aluminum liquid nugget expansion bulge, so that gas in the nugget can be discharged more favorably, the formation of nugget pores is reduced, and the welding spot interface is combined more firmly;
(2) the second welding surface of the first electrode disperses the current to the periphery, and the current density is prevented from being excessively concentrated in the center of the welding spot. The second electrode disperses the current density distribution in the second side workpiece, avoids the current density from excessively concentrating at the center of a welding spot to generate excessive resistance heat, avoids the molten pool from excessively growing to the welding surface of the second electrode to accelerate the abrasion of the electrode, improves the surface quality of the welding spot and the service life of the electrode, and ensures that the thickness of intermetallic compounds formed between aluminum steel interfaces is more uniform due to more uniform resistance heat.
(3) Concave-convex embedded interfaces are formed between the interfaces of the aluminum-steel dissimilar metal joints, larger nugget size and more uniform intermetallic compounds are obtained, and the tensile shear load and the cross tensile load of the aluminum-steel dissimilar metal joints are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic welding diagram of a resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in an embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first electrode of the resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first electrode of the resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in the embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second electrode of the resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second electrode of the resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in the embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in the early stage of welding of a resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in the embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in the later welding period of the resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in the embodiment of the utility model.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the metallographic phase of a joint of an aluminum-steel dissimilar metal workpiece welded by the electrode of the utility model in an embodiment of the utility model.
FIG. 9 is a microstructure diagram of an interface of an electrode according to the present invention for welding a joint of an aluminum-steel dissimilar metal workpiece in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of the microstructure of a continuous welding spot and the surface topography of a welding spot of an aluminum workpiece in the case of welding the aluminum steel dissimilar metal workpiece by using a conventional spherical electrode and the electrode of the present invention in the examples.
FIG. 11 is a tensile shear load-displacement curve of a weld joint of a resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a cross tensile load-displacement curve of a weld joint of a resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a macroscopic topographical view of a steel workpiece fracture after tensile shear and cross tensile testing of weld joints in examples of the present invention and in comparative examples.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood, a detailed description of the utility model is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the utility model, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
As shown in FIG. 1, a welding schematic diagram of a resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding. A steel workpiece as a first side workpiece 20 is stacked on an aluminum alloy workpiece as a second side workpiece 30, the first electrode 10 being in contact with the first side workpiece 20; the second electrode 40 is in contact with the second side workpiece 30 and the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 30 are axially aligned with each other. After the welding current passes through the stacked workpieces between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 40, a separate steel nugget 23 is formed within the first side workpiece and an aluminum nugget 31 is formed within the second side workpiece 30, and the aluminum nugget 31 comes into contact with the first side workpiece 20 to achieve a metallurgical bond.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first electrode 10 is characterized in that an annular groove 12 is provided, the annular groove 12 divides the welding surface of the first electrode 10 into an inner welding surface 13 and an outer welding surface 11, the inner welding surface 13 is higher than the outer welding surface 11 by 0.05-1.2 mm, the bottom of the annular groove 12 is lower than the outer welding surface by 0.1-1.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the second electrode 40 is characterized in that a concave arc surface 41 is arranged at the center of the electrode, and at least one convex ring structure 42 is arranged at the periphery of the concave arc surface; the diameter of the raised annular structure 42 is larger than the inner welding surface 13 of the first electrode 10, and the height of the raised annular structure 42 is 0.1-0.8 mm; the maximum depth of the concave cambered surface 41 is 0.05-1.0 mm, and the diameter of the concave cambered surface 41 is not larger than that of the convex circular ring 42.
In the initial stage of welding, only the inner welding surface 13 of the first electrode 10 is in surface contact with the first side workpiece 20; meanwhile, the convex ring 42 at the periphery of the second electrode first contacts the surface of the second side workpiece 30 to form the indentation 32 of the convex ring 42, at this time, the welding current is concentrated on the inner welding surface 13 of the first side electrode 10, and after flowing through the first side workpiece 20 and the second side workpiece 30, the current is concentrated on the convex ring 42 of the second electrode 40 and the welding surface nearby, as shown by the current density lines 50 in fig. 6;
the first side workpiece 20 is softened by the resistive heat and deformed by the inner welding surface 13 of the first side electrode 10, forming a deeper electrode indentation 22 on the surface of the first side workpiece 20, which results in the first side workpiece 20 forming a protruding structure 24 embedded deeply into the second side workpiece 30 as the electrode indentation 22 deepens. After the inner welding surface 13 presses the surface of the first side workpiece 10, the surface of the workpiece at the periphery of the inner welding surface 13 simultaneously generates a deformed ridge structure 21 which is filled into the annular groove 12 of the first electrode 10 toward the first electrode 10, as shown in fig. 1.
In the later stage of electrifying, the outer welding surface 11 of the first electrode 10 is in contact with the surface of the first side workpiece 20, the current concentrated on the inner welding surface 11 is dispersed to the outer welding surface 20, the heating area of the welding spot is enlarged, and the size of the aluminum nugget 31 is increased. After the first side workpiece 20 is deformed and the second side workpiece 30 is heated to expand, the concave arc surface 41 of the second electrode 40 and the surface of the second side workpiece 30 are forced to contact with each other, and the contact area of the second electrode 40 and the second side workpiece 30 is enlarged, so that the welding current is more distributed on the second side workpiece 30 according to the current density line 50 shown in fig. 7. This makes the thickness of the intermetallic layer at the weld joint interface more uniform as shown in fig. 9, and at the same time, prevents the penetration of the aluminum nugget 31 between the second electrode 40 and the contact surface of the second side workpiece 30, thereby improving the weld joint surface quality of the second side workpiece 30 and the service life of the second electrode 40 as shown in fig. 10.
After the energization is stopped, the molten aluminum melting pool solidifies and is combined with the surface of the steel workpiece 20 attached to the molten aluminum melting pool to form an aluminum nugget 31, the welding point interface is a concave-convex embedded combination interface, and the aluminum nugget 31 of the second side workpiece 30 covers the convex structure 24 formed by the first side workpiece 20.
Examples
Q & P1180 quenching distribution steel with the thickness of 1.2mm is selected as a first side workpiece 20, and the Q & P1180 quenching distribution steel is bare steel; 6N16 aluminum alloy with a thickness of 1.6mm was selected as the second side workpiece 30. The second side workpiece surface 30 is cleaned with alcohol prior to welding. The specific welding process is as follows:
welding a first side workpiece 20 and a second side workpiece 30 using the electrode of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first electrode 10 is characterized by specific dimensions: the inner welding surface 13 is a spherical surface with the diameter of 5mm, the radius of the spherical surface is 35mm, and the height difference between the highest point of the spherical surface and the outer welding surface 11 is 5.5 mm; the outer welding surface 11 is a plane, and the width of the outer welding surface is 1.5 mm; the maximum diameter of the outer welding surface 11 is 11 mm; the height difference between the annular groove 12 and the outer welding surface is 0.3 mm.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the specific dimensional characteristics of the second electrode 40 in the embodiment are as follows: the depth of the concave arc surface 41 is 0.25mm, and the width of the concave arc surface is 0.65 mm; the raised ring 42 is 8.2mm and 0.2mm in diameter and height, respectively.
And D, connecting direct current between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 40, wherein the specific welding parameters are as follows: the welding pressure is 5600N, the welding time is 180ms, the welding current is 18kA, 3 pulse currents are adopted, the interval between the pulse currents is 20ms, and the welding duration is 300 ms. The resulting linker microstructure is shown in fig. 8.
3 tensile shear samples and 3 cross tensile samples are welded by the electrode and a traditional spherical electrode respectively to carry out mechanical property test; the spherical radius of the spherical electrode is 100mm, and the diameter of the welding surface of the spherical electrode is 11 mm; the specification of the tensile sample is 127 multiplied by 38.1mm, and the lap joint quantity is 38.1 mm; the cross tensile sample specification is 150 multiplied by 50mm, the spherical electrode is welded under better welding parameters, and the welding parameters are as follows: the welding pressure is 5600N, the welding time is 100ms, the welding current is 17kA, 5 pulse currents are adopted, the interval between the pulse currents is 20ms, and the welding time is maintained for 300 ms. The tensile shear sample and the cross tensile sample are carried out on a universal tensile testing machine, the tensile speed is 1mm/min, and the tensile shear load and the cross tensile load-displacement curve obtained after the tensile test are respectively shown in fig. 11 and fig. 12; the statistics of the mechanical properties of the traditional spherical electrode and the electrode of the utility model are shown in the following table 1, and the tensile shear property and the cross tensile property of the joint obtained by welding the electrode of the utility model with aluminum steel dissimilar metal are obviously improved compared with those of the traditional spherical electrode. Furthermore, from the force-displacement curve, the displacement of the joint according to the utility model is much greater than that of the joint according to the comparative example.
Table 1: in the embodiment, the mechanical property of the welding seam measured by the electrode and the traditional spherical electrode under the condition of better parameters
| Item | Average tensile shear load (N) | Average cross tensile load (N) |
| By means of spherical electrodes | 3652.9 | 378.5 |
| The electrode of the utility model is adopted | 5165.3 | 1313.1 |
As shown in fig. 13, from the view point of the joint fracture, the joint fracture of the conventional spherical electrode is interfacial fracture, and the fracture is relatively flat and smooth, which is a result of the fracture occurring in the Fe — Al series brittle intermetallic compound layer, and there are many pores in the fracture; although the tensile shear fracture is interfacial fracture, a large amount of aluminum alloy adhesion layers exist on the surface of the fracture, which shows that most of fracture areas occur in an aluminum workpiece; the cross tensile fracture of the joint is local button fracture, which shows that the connection strength of the aluminum steel interface is improved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that several modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the method of the present invention, and these modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a be used for aluminium steel xenogenesis metal welded resistance spot welding electrode which characterized in that:
providing at least two layers of workpieces which are mutually stacked and attached, wherein the mutually stacked workpieces comprise a steel workpiece and an aluminum workpiece, the steel workpiece is a first side workpiece, and the aluminum workpiece is a second side workpiece which is tightly attached to the steel workpiece;
the first electrode is in contact with a first side workpiece of the workpieces stacked mutually, an annular groove is formed in the welding surface of the first electrode, the welding surface of the first electrode is divided into an inner welding surface and an outer welding surface by the annular groove, the height of the inner welding surface is larger than that of the outer welding surface, and the bottom of the annular groove is lower than that of the outer welding surface;
the second electrode is in contact with a second side workpiece of the stacked workpieces, the welding surface of the second electrode is aligned with the welding surface of the first electrode, the center of the welding surface of the second electrode is a concave arc surface, and at least one convex circular ring is arranged along the periphery of the concave arc surface.
2. The resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum-steel dissimilar metal welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: causing a current to flow between the first and second electrodes and the workpiece during welding; the inner welding surface of the first electrode is higher than the outer welding surface, so that the inner welding surface firstly contacts the surface of the first side workpiece, and the highly concentrated electrode force and welding current are borne; the surface of the first side workpiece is extruded to deform under the heat action of the bonding resistance of the inner welding surface, and a convex structure embedded into the second side workpiece is formed between the interfaces of the first side workpiece and the second side workpiece, so that a concave-convex bonding interface is obtained;
after the welding surface in the first electrode extrudes the workpiece on the first side to deform to a certain stage, the contact area between the first electrode and the workpiece is enlarged after the outer welding surface of the first electrode is contacted with the surface of the workpiece on the first side, so that part of current is dispersed on the outer welding surface, and the area of a welding spot is enlarged;
the protruding ring that the second electrode welded the setting can attract the current to the peripheral distribution of second electrode, after first side work piece warp and second side work piece thermal expansion, make the concave arc face of second electrode contact second side work piece and enlarge the area of contact of second electrode and second side work piece, make welding current density scatter on the solder joint of second side piece, avoid the resistance heat at solder joint center excessively to concentrate, make the interface form more even intermetallic compound layer, also avoid the solder joint center and produce excessive resistance heat and melt through second side work piece simultaneously.
3. The electrode according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height difference between the inner bonding surface and the outer bonding surface of the first electrode is 0.05-1.2 mm, and the height difference between the annular groove and the outer bonding surface is 0.1-1.5 mm.
4. The electrode according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the raised ring of the second electrode pad is larger than the inner surface of the first electrode pad, and the height of the raised ring is 0.1-0.8 mm; the maximum depth of the concave cambered surface is 0.05-1.0 mm, and the diameter of the concave cambered surface is not larger than that of the convex circular ring.
5. An electrode according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the workpiece surface at the periphery of the inner weld surface bulges into the annular recess of the electrode towards the first electrode side after the inner weld surface of the first electrode has been deformed by pressing against the workpiece at the first side.
6. The electrode of claim 1 or 2, wherein the steel workpiece has a thickness of 0.2 to 3.0mm, and the aluminum workpiece has a thickness of 0.2 to 3.0 mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113199125A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113199125A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding |
| CN113199125B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Resistance spot welding electrode for aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding |
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