CN114406439B - Claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method - Google Patents
Claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114406439B CN114406439B CN202111668965.4A CN202111668965A CN114406439B CN 114406439 B CN114406439 B CN 114406439B CN 202111668965 A CN202111668965 A CN 202111668965A CN 114406439 B CN114406439 B CN 114406439B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000755 6061-T6 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The claw-shaped rivet comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the riveting section consists of a plurality of rivet legs which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the upper surface of the clamping section is provided with a clamping groove and a positioning groove, and the lower surface of the clamping section is provided with a circular groove; the end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section is an inward concave conical surface and is provided with an annular diversion groove; the outer/inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is an arc cylindrical surface and the circle centers are coincident, and the thickness of the nail leg is 1 mm-3 mm; screw thread convex ribs are arranged on the side wall surface of the outer periphery of the nail leg; two side vertical surfaces used for connecting the inner peripheral side wall surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are set as guide surfaces, the included angle between the guide surfaces and the wall surface is 30-160 degrees, and the guide surfaces are respectively a forward inclined plane and a backward inclined curved surface; the side end face of the pin leg shaft is an inclined plane and is provided with a cutting lug. The method comprises the following steps: pricking and applying ultrasonic vibration under initial rotation; stopping downward binding and regulating and controlling the temperature through rivet rotation; secondarily rotating and downwards binding the rivet to the interface or the set position; rapidly depressing and forming a mechanical interlock at the interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir rivet welding, and particularly relates to a claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and a friction stir rivet welding method.
Background
Along with the acceleration of technological research and development, the development of manufacturing industry and the diversification of industrial requirements, the same metal structure cannot meet the industrial use requirements due to single performance, and the dissimilar metal structure can be scientifically and reasonably matched according to the physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties of each material and the service requirements, so that the metal structure has wide application in the fields of electric power industry, automobile manufacturing, ships, aerospace and the like. Because the application of the dissimilar metal structure is often determined by the connection quality, the realization of high-strength effective connection has wide and far-reaching significance in scientific research and engineering application.
Because the physical characteristics, chemical components and mechanical properties of dissimilar metals which are difficult to connect are greatly different, and chemical reactions can occur between different materials, the connection of the dissimilar metals is much more complicated than that of the same metal, and a plurality of problems still exist when the dissimilar metals are connected by adopting welding.
For example: (1) when the aluminum steel is welded and connected, because the solid solubility between the aluminum steel is extremely low, brittle and hard intermetallic compounds are easy to form, and the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum steel and the intermetallic compound is large, larger residual stress can be generated after welding, so that cracks are initiated and expanded in an intermetallic compound layer, and the joint strength is reduced.
(2) When the aluminum copper is welded and connected, because the difference of the thermal physical properties of the aluminum copper is larger, various brittle and hard indissoluble intermetallic compounds can be formed at the interface, so that the defects of air holes, cracks, oxidization and the like are easy to generate after welding.
(3) When the titanium steel is welded and connected, because the melting point and the heat conductivity of the titanium steel are large, extremely large residual stress can be formed after welding, so that cracks are generated in the welding seam, brittle intermetallic compounds are easy to generate among the titanium steel, and the plasticity and the high-temperature performance of the joint can be further reduced.
Therefore, the problems of low tensile strength, poor weld joint forming, low stability, difficult regulation and control of intermetallic compound layers at interfaces and the like generally exist in dissimilar metal welding at present, so that a relatively mature mechanical riveting mode is still adopted in the dissimilar metal connection. However, the mechanical riveting joint still has the problems of short fatigue life, poor sealing performance, easy corrosion and the like. Because the through holes are required to be prefabricated on the plate during mechanical riveting, the process complexity is increased in the hole making process, and the service performance is affected by redundant products such as burrs and the like generated in the hole making process, so that the cost of the mechanical riveting process is greatly increased.
Since the mechanical riveting process requiring the prefabricated through holes cannot meet the high-strength dissimilar metal connection requirement, the self-piercing riveting technology has been developed, and although the self-piercing riveting can effectively avoid the problems caused by the prefabrication of the through holes, the applicability of the riveting material is limited. When riveting metals with higher hardness, the semi-hollow rivet is required to be punched down to punch the plates to be connected quickly, so that the rivet is easy to upset, break and the like, and effective mechanical interlocking cannot be formed. When low-toughness and high-brittleness metals are riveted, the plates to be connected are easy to crack and crack, so that the joint strength and fatigue performance are reduced.
Therefore, in order to address the limitation of the Self-piercing riveting process, a Self-piercing Friction rivet welding technology (F-SPR for short) is proposed, and in the implementation process of the Self-piercing Friction rivet welding technology, a semi-hollow rivet rotating at a high speed needs to be pierced into a plate to be connected, and the rivet and the upper plate and the lower plate form mechanical Self-locking and simultaneously realize solid phase connection with the riveted metal under the action of Friction heat.
For example, chinese patent application No. 201610566456.3 discloses a rivet for self-piercing friction rivet welding and self-piercing friction rivet welding connection system thereof, although it can improve the stability and the riveting precision when rivet high-speed rotation, the annular hollow rivet that it adopted is difficult for deformation in the upsetting riveting stage, causes the nail leg to open not enough, leads to mechanical interlocking volume less to rivet rotation friction heat generation is insufficient to soften the metal that ductility is low, just can not restrain panel fracture, and can not realize rivet and wait to rivet the solid phase connection of metal, finally can reduce mechanical-solid phase dual joint strength.
The Chinese patent application with the application number of 201911256371.5 discloses a friction stir spot welding and riveting tool and a method for removing hook-shaped defects of aluminum steel lap joints, wherein a convex platform is additionally arranged at the middle lower part of a conventional stirring head, so that the bottom of the platform and an aluminum steel lap joint plane are rubbed to provide heat so as to break the lap joint interface, and the connecting mode of welding and riveting combination is realized. However, the stirring pin at the bottom of the raised platform is easy to break integrally when the knife is lifted, and the joint is easy to be damaged due to the extremely large pulling force when the knife is lifted, so that the connection strength of the joint is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the claw-shaped rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and the friction stir rivet welding method, and the claw-shaped rivet with brand new design can effectively reduce the deformation difficulty of the rivet, improve the mechanical self-locking strength of the rivet, guide plastic metal flow and improve the sealing performance of a riveting joint; by combining the rivet and the process method, the heat input in the riveting process can be reasonably controlled, the problem of insufficient heat generation of the rivet is solved, the metallurgical connection among dissimilar metal plates and the rivet and the plates is promoted, the ductility of the plates is improved, the rivet is easy to prick down, and the cracking of the plates is avoided; intermetallic compounds generated by dissimilar metals under the action of heat can be effectively regulated and controlled through ultrasonic vibration, and the connection performance of dissimilar metals difficult to connect is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the clamping section adopts a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section is a clamping positioning side, and the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is a shaft shoulder side; the riveting section is located the shaft shoulder side of centre gripping section, and the riveting section comprises many nail legs, and many nail legs are along circumferencial direction equipartition setting, and the quantity of nail leg is 2 ~ 6.
The clamping grooves are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section along the circumferential direction, the center of the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section is provided with a positioning groove, and the center of the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is provided with a circular groove.
The end face of the clamping section disc shaft shoulder on the outer side of the nail leg is an inward concave conical surface, and an annular diversion groove is formed in the end face of the clamping section disc shaft shoulder on the outer side of the nail leg.
The outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are arc cylindrical surfaces, and the circle centers of the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner Zhou Nabi surface of all the nail legs are coincided; the thickness of the nail leg in the radial direction is 1 mm-3 mm.
Screw thread convex ribs are arranged on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of the screw legs, and the screw thread convex ribs on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of all the screw legs are mutually in screw thread extension.
Two side vertical surfaces used for connecting the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are respectively provided with a first guide surface and a second guide surface, the included angle between the first guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees, and the included angle between the second guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees; the first guide surface is a plane and is inclined forwards, and the second guide surface is a curved surface and is inclined backwards.
The shaft side end face of the nail leg is an inclined plane, and a cutting lug is arranged on the shaft side end face of the nail leg at the junction of the first guide surface and the peripheral side wall surface.
The friction stir rivet welding method adopts the claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding, and comprises the following steps:
step one: initial rotation pinning stage
Controlling the pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine to press down until the pressing ring is in close contact with the surface of the upper layer of material to be welded, then controlling the chuck of the friction stir welding machine to rotate and drive the claw-shaped rivet to be downwards tied, and applying ultrasonic vibration through the chuck or the pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine in the process of downwards tying the claw-shaped rivet;
step two: temperature control stage
When the lower binding depth of the claw-shaped rivet on the upper layer of the material to be welded reaches a set value, controlling the rotating claw-shaped rivet to stop binding, then adjusting the rotating speed of the claw-shaped rivet, and adjusting and controlling the temperature distribution at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal material by changing the rotation of the claw-shaped rivet, so that the dissimilar metal material and the claw-shaped rivet interface obtain uniform temperature distribution meeting the requirement of solid state welding;
step three: secondary rotation downward binding stage
Controlling the rotating claw-shaped rivet to continue to downwards bind until the downwards binding depth of the claw-shaped rivet reaches the set position at the interface of the dissimilar material joint or in the lower layer of the material to be welded;
step four: quick hold-down stage
The claw-shaped rivet is controlled to stop rotating and rapidly press down, so that the heated and softened claw-shaped rivet legs are extruded and deformed to be opened under the obstruction of the lower layer of the material to be welded, and mechanical interlocking is formed at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal materials.
In the pre-welding preparation stage before the first step, firstly removing oil stains on the surface to be welded of the dissimilar metal materials by adopting alcohol or acetone, then overlapping the upper layer of the material to be welded and the lower layer of the material to be welded together by utilizing a clamp for fixing, then assembling claw rivets with the clamping heads of the friction stir welding machine through the clamping sections of the claw rivets, and finally moving the clamping heads assembled with the claw rivets to the position above the rivet welding position of the material to be welded.
In the pre-welding preparation stage before the first step is executed, the friction stir rivet welding parameters in the first to fourth steps need to be set, including the rotation speed, the pressing amount and the residence time of the claw type rivet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional mechanical riveting, the invention eliminates the complicated preformed hole process, reduces the process cost, has small and controllable heat input in the riveting and welding process, introduces ultrasonic vibration, can change the interface dynamic environment through high-frequency change acoustic flow and cavitation effect caused by the ultrasonic vibration, effectively inhibits the attachment growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface, macroscopically shows that the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is reduced, and can form mechanical interlocking and metallurgical bonding between the claw type rivet and the dissimilar material, thereby greatly improving the bonding strength of dissimilar metal difficult to connect.
2. According to the claw-type rivet with the novel design, the effective stirring area of the rivet can be effectively increased, the plastic metal flowing degree of the stirring area is increased, the heat production efficiency is improved, the temperature required by riveting can be obtained in a short time, the processing time is shortened, the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds is reduced, meanwhile, a large amount of heat can ensure that the dissimilar metal interfaces which are not stirred in the cylindrical space at the inner side of the rivet leg are metallurgically bonded, and the mechanical property of the riveting joint is further improved.
3. According to the invention, the thickness of the nail leg of the claw-shaped rivet is set to be 1-3 mm, the nail leg is heated and softened by the rotation friction of the rivet to be easier to deform and expand, so that excellent mechanical interlocking is formed, and the mechanical interlocking strength is improved.
4. The claw-shaped rivet adopts the rivet leg with the fluid-type curved surface design, in the rotating and pressing process of the claw-shaped rivet, two diversion surfaces of the rivet leg can promote metal materials to flow to the cylindrical space area at the inner side of the rivet leg and fill the cylindrical space area, and overflowed metal materials can fill the annular diversion grooves on the end face of the shaft shoulder of the clamping section at the outer side of the rivet leg after flowing out from the root of the rivet leg so as to form sealing connection, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the joint, reducing chip removal and subsequent processing cost, and simultaneously, the threaded convex ribs on the side wall surface at the periphery of the rivet leg can also accelerate longitudinal metal flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a claw-type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention (view I);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a claw-type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding (view II) according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a claw-type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention (view three);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a claw-type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention (view four);
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the friction stir rivet welding method according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-nail leg, 2-clamping groove, 3-positioning groove, 4-circular groove, 5-annular diversion groove, 6-peripheral side wall surface, 7-inner peripheral side wall surface, 8-thread convex rib, 9-first diversion surface, 10-second diversion surface, 11-cutting convex block, 12-clamp ring and 13-claw type rivet.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a claw-type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the clamping section adopts a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section is a clamping positioning side, and the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is a shaft shoulder side; the riveting section is located the shaft shoulder side of centre gripping section, and the riveting section comprises many nail legs 1, and many nail legs 1 are along circumferencial direction equipartition setting, and the quantity of nail leg 1 is 2 ~ 6.
The clamping grooves 2 are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section along the circumferential direction, the center of the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section is provided with a positioning groove 3, and the center of the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is provided with a circular groove 4.
The end face of the clamping section disc shaft shoulder on the outer side of the nail leg 1 is an inward concave conical surface, and an annular flow guide groove 5 is formed in the end face of the clamping section disc shaft shoulder on the outer side of the nail leg 1.
The outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 are arc cylindrical surfaces, and the circle centers of the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner Zhou Nabi surface 7 of all the nail legs 1 are coincident; the thickness of the nail leg 1 in the radial direction is 1 mm-3 mm.
Screw ribs 8 are provided on the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 of the leg 1, and the screw ribs 8 on the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 of all the legs 1 are screw-extended from each other.
Two side vertical surfaces for connecting the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 are respectively provided with a first guide surface 9 and a second guide surface 10, the included angle between the first guide surface 9 and the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 is 30-160 degrees, and the included angle between the second guide surface 10 and the outer peripheral side wall surface 6 and the inner peripheral side wall surface 7 of the nail leg 1 is 30-160 degrees; the first guiding surface 9 is flat and inclined forward, and the second guiding surface 10 is curved and inclined backward.
The axial side end face of the nail leg 1 is an inclined plane, and a cutting lug 11 is arranged on the axial side end face of the nail leg 1 at the junction of the first diversion surface 9 and the peripheral side wall surface 5.
In this embodiment, the number of the nail legs 1 is 3, the thickness of the nail legs 1 in the radial direction is 2mm, the forward inclination angle of the first guide surface 9 is 2-20 degrees, the backward inclination angle of the second guide surface 10 is 2-20 degrees, the included angle between the first guide surface 9 and the outer circumferential side wall surface 6 of the nail legs 1 is 30-40 degrees, the included angle between the first guide surface 9 and the inner circumferential side wall surface 7 of the nail legs 1 is 130-160 degrees, the included angle between the second guide surface 10 and the outer circumferential side wall surface 6 of the nail legs 1 is 40-60 degrees, the included angle between the second guide surface 10 and the inner circumferential side wall surface 7 is 100-130 degrees, the inclination angle of the axial side end surface of the nail legs 1 is 10-30 degrees, the taper angle of the clamping section disc shoulder end surface on the outer side of the nail legs 1 is 175-180 degrees, and the thread protruding rib 8 is a right-handed thread.
In this embodiment, the upper layer of the aluminum alloy plate to be welded is 6061-T6, the lower layer of the aluminum alloy plate to be welded is DP590 steel plate, the thickness of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate is 3mm, the thickness of the DP590 steel plate is 2mm, and the rotation direction of the claw rivet 13 is anticlockwise.
As shown in fig. 5, the friction stir rivet welding method adopts the claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding, and comprises the following steps:
step one: initial rotation pinning stage
Controlling the pressing ring 12 of the friction stir welding machine to press down until the pressing ring 12 is in close contact with the surface of the upper layer of material to be welded, then controlling the chuck of the friction stir welding machine to rotate and drive the claw-shaped rivets 13 to be downwards pricked, and applying ultrasonic vibration through the chuck or the pressing ring 12 of the friction stir welding machine in the process of downwards pricking the claw-shaped rivets 13; in the preparation stage before welding, firstly removing greasy dirt on the surface to be welded of a dissimilar metal material by adopting alcohol or acetone, then overlapping an upper layer of material to be welded and a lower layer of material to be welded by utilizing a clamp for fixing, then assembling claw-shaped rivets 13 with a chuck of a friction stir welding machine through a clamping section of the claw-shaped rivets, and finally moving the chuck assembled with the claw-shaped rivets 13 to the position above the rivet welding position of the material to be welded; in addition, the setting of friction stir rivet welding parameters, including the rotation speed, the pressing amount and the residence time of the claw rivet 13 in each stage, is also required to be completed before welding;
step two: temperature control stage
When the penetration depth of the claw-shaped rivet 13 on the upper layer of the material to be welded reaches a set value, controlling the rotating claw-shaped rivet 13 to stop penetration, then adjusting the rotating speed of the claw-shaped rivet 13, and adjusting and controlling the temperature distribution at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal material by changing the rotation of the claw-shaped rivet 13, so that the dissimilar metal material and the joint interface of the claw-shaped rivet 13 can obtain uniform temperature distribution meeting the requirement of solid state welding;
step three: secondary rotation downward binding stage
The rotating claw-shaped rivet 13 is controlled to continue to be downwards pricked until the downwards pricking depth of the claw-shaped rivet 13 reaches the set position at the interface of the dissimilar material joint or in the lower layer of the material to be welded;
step four: quick hold-down stage
The claw-shaped rivet 13 is controlled to stop rotating and rapidly press down, so that the leg 1 of the claw-shaped rivet 13 softened by heating is extruded and deformed to be opened under the obstruction of the material to be welded at the lower layer, and mechanical interlocking is formed at the joint interface of dissimilar metal materials. And then the connection between the chuck of the friction stir welding machine and the claw-shaped rivet 13 can be disconnected, and the pressing ring 12 is controlled to move upwards and to release the pressing of the upper layer of materials to be welded, so that the friction stir rivet welding process is finished.
After the friction stir rivet welding process, the connection strength of the aluminum steel dissimilar metal plate can be greatly improved. In the friction stir rivet welding process, when the cutting lug 11 on the axial side end surface of the nail leg 1 of the claw rivet 13 is in contact with the upper aluminum alloy plate, the cutting lug 11 starts to cut the upper aluminum alloy plate under the action of rotating and pressing along with the rotation of the claw rivet 13, so that the nail leg 1 of the claw rivet 13 is more easily pricked into the upper aluminum alloy plate. With the continued rotation and pressing of the claw rivets 13, the aluminum alloy material entering from the first guide surface 9 hardly flows out from the lower end of the second guide surface 10, and the aluminum alloy material is converged in the columnar spaces inside the three legs 1. When the claw rivets 13 are inserted into the lower steel plate, the aluminum alloy material fills the cylindrical space inside the three legs 1, and then is discharged from the upper end of the second guide surface 10 and further enters the annular guide groove 5, thereby forming a sealed connection. Through the design of many nail legs 1, effectively improved claw-type rivet 13's heat production efficiency, reduced process time simultaneously to the heat that forms the metallurgical bonding between heterogeneous panel, panel and the rivet needs is provided. In addition, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the jaw or the clamp ring 12 of the friction stir welding machine in the process of downwards binding the claw-shaped rivet 13, so that the attached growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface can be effectively inhibited, and the joint strength is ensured. In the quick hold down stage, the thinner leg 1 of the claw rivet 13 is softened by heat and is more easily deformed to open for excellent mechanical interlocking. In continuous friction stir rivet welding, the claw-shaped rivet 13 is used for clamping rapidly and conveniently, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are intended to cover all equivalent implementations or modifications that can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A claw-type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding, characterized in that: the clamping device comprises a clamping section and a riveting section, wherein the clamping section adopts a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of a disc of the clamping section is a clamping positioning side, and the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is a shaft shoulder side; the riveting section is positioned at the shaft shoulder side of the clamping section and consists of a plurality of nail legs which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the number of the nail legs is 2-6; the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section is uniformly provided with a plurality of clamping grooves along the circumferential direction, the center of the upper surface of the disc of the clamping section is provided with a positioning groove, and the center of the lower surface of the disc of the clamping section is provided with a circular groove; the end face of the clamping section disc shaft shoulder outside the nail leg is an inward concave conical surface, and an annular diversion groove is formed in the end face of the clamping section disc shaft shoulder outside the nail leg; the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are arc cylindrical surfaces, and the circle centers of the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner Zhou Nabi surface of all the nail legs are coincided; the thickness of the nail leg in the radial direction is 1 mm-3 mm; screw thread convex ribs are arranged on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of the screw legs, and the screw thread convex ribs on the outer peripheral side wall surfaces of all the screw legs are mutually in screw thread extension; two side vertical surfaces used for connecting the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg are respectively provided with a first guide surface and a second guide surface, the included angle between the first guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees, and the included angle between the second guide surface and the outer peripheral side wall surface and the inner peripheral side wall surface of the nail leg is 30-160 degrees; the first guide surface is a plane and is inclined forwards, and the second guide surface is a curved surface and is inclined backwards; the shaft side end face of the nail leg is an inclined plane, and a cutting lug is arranged on the shaft side end face of the nail leg at the junction of the first guide surface and the peripheral side wall surface; in the friction stir rivet welding process, along with the continuous rotation and downward pressing of the claw type rivet, the upper layer to-be-welded material entering from the first guide surface is difficult to flow out from the lower end of the second guide surface, and the upper layer to-be-welded material can be converged in the cylindrical space inside the rivet leg; when the claw type rivet is pricked into the lower layer material to be welded, the upper layer material to be welded fills up the cylindrical space on the inner side of the nail leg, and then is discharged from the upper end of the second diversion surface and then enters the annular diversion groove to form sealing connection.
2. A friction stir rivet welding method employing the claw rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one: initial rotation pinning stage
Controlling the pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine to press down until the pressing ring is in close contact with the surface of the upper layer of material to be welded, then controlling the chuck of the friction stir welding machine to rotate and drive the claw-shaped rivet to be downwards tied, and applying ultrasonic vibration through the chuck or the pressing ring of the friction stir welding machine in the process of downwards tying the claw-shaped rivet;
step two: temperature control stage
When the lower binding depth of the claw-shaped rivet on the upper layer of the material to be welded reaches a set value, controlling the rotating claw-shaped rivet to stop binding, then adjusting the rotating speed of the claw-shaped rivet, and adjusting and controlling the temperature distribution at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal material by changing the rotation of the claw-shaped rivet, so that the dissimilar metal material and the claw-shaped rivet interface obtain uniform temperature distribution meeting the requirement of solid state welding;
step three: secondary rotation downward binding stage
Controlling the rotating claw-shaped rivet to continue to downwards bind until the downwards binding depth of the claw-shaped rivet reaches the set position at the interface of the dissimilar material joint or in the lower layer of the material to be welded;
step four: quick hold-down stage
The claw-shaped rivet is controlled to stop rotating and rapidly press down, so that the heated and softened claw-shaped rivet legs are extruded and deformed to be opened under the obstruction of the lower layer of the material to be welded, and mechanical interlocking is formed at the joint interface of the dissimilar metal materials.
3. The friction stir rivet welding method of claim 2, wherein: in the pre-welding preparation stage before the first step, firstly removing oil stains on the surface to be welded of the dissimilar metal materials by adopting alcohol or acetone, then overlapping the upper layer of the material to be welded and the lower layer of the material to be welded together by utilizing a clamp for fixing, then assembling claw rivets with the clamping heads of the friction stir welding machine through the clamping sections of the claw rivets, and finally moving the clamping heads assembled with the claw rivets to the position above the rivet welding position of the material to be welded.
4. The friction stir rivet welding method of claim 2, wherein: in the pre-welding preparation stage before the first step is executed, the friction stir rivet welding parameters in the first to fourth steps need to be set, including the rotation speed, the pressing amount and the residence time of the claw type rivet.
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| CN202111668965.4A CN114406439B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method |
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| CN202111668965.4A CN114406439B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Claw type rivet suitable for friction stir rivet welding and friction stir rivet welding method |
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