CN105033475A - Steel-side-high-frequency-induction-heating-assisted friction stir welding method for alumimum-steel material butt joint - Google Patents
Steel-side-high-frequency-induction-heating-assisted friction stir welding method for alumimum-steel material butt joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN105033475A CN105033475A CN201510599935.0A CN201510599935A CN105033475A CN 105033475 A CN105033475 A CN 105033475A CN 201510599935 A CN201510599935 A CN 201510599935A CN 105033475 A CN105033475 A CN 105033475A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a steel-side-high-frequency-induction-heating-assisted friction stir welding method for an alumimum-steel material butt joint. With the method, problems that the stirring pin is worn seriously because of high rigidity of the steel and the joint failure occurs due to too mush welding defects and low connecting strength during the butt joint of the alumimum-steel special materials in the prior part can be solved. The method comprises: firstly, to-be-welded end surfaces and welding zones of the upper end surfaces and lower end surfaces of a to-be-welded steel plate and a to-be-welded alumimum plate are cleaned; secondly, an organic solvent is used for wiping the surfaces of the to-be-welded steel plate and the to-be-welded alumimum plate, and the to-be-welded steel plate and the to-be-welded alumimum plate are placed on a work bench in a butt-joint mode and rigid installing is carried out by using a clamp; thirdly, a high-frequency induction heating device is arranged in front of a stirring head and is located at a to-be-welded zone of the to-be-welded steel plate; fourthly, a thin-film heat-resistant material is laid on the welding back of the to-be-welded steel plate; fifthly, a current frequency and the number of turns of a coil of the high-frequency induction heating device are set reasonably; and sixthly, a friction stir welding machine is started, the center part of the stirring pin is deviated to one side of the to-be-welded alumimum plate and welding is carried out along the welding connection direction. The method is applied to butt-joint welding of alumimum-steel materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of foreign material agitating friction welding, be specifically related to a kind of steel side high-frequency induction heating for For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium docking softening auxiliary friction stir welding method in advance.
Background technology
In recent years, environmental protection problem more and more receives the concern of countries in the world, and automobile manufacture industry, in order to protection of the environment, saving fuel, is constantly made great efforts to make automobile realize lightweight, therefore proposed particular/special requirement to materials used in auto manufacturing.Aluminium alloy quality is light, intensity is high, the use amount of increase aluminum alloy materials just becomes one of important measures wherein, so in automobile production process, adopt " aluminium and steel " two metal solder structure to become the preferred option of automotive light weight technology, this must relate to the connectivity problem between aluminium and steel foreign material.From at the beginning of 21 century, the welding method that can realize effectively connecting between aluminum/steel dissimilar metal is constantly being found by many domestic and international automotive research mechanisms and manufacturer.The subject matter of aluminum steel dissimilar metal welding is that thermophysical property between the two differs greatly, solid solubility is lower, and easily generates the intermetallic compound of fragility, greatly reduces the mechanical property of welding point.At present, the connection between For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium adopts soldering, pressure welding and melting welding usually.Adopt the method efficiency of pressure welding or soldering lower, and also have particular/special requirement to the shape and size of workpiece, be unsuitable for producing in enormous quantities.And the intermetallic compound generated in fusion welding method is inevitable addition product, the bearing capacity of aluminum steel welding point can be weakened.Therefore be badly in need of a kind of efficient, high-quality welding method newly and solve the problems referred to above.Friction stir welding is as solid phase joining technique; have that welding residual stress is little, welding deformation is little; joint quality is high; do not need protective gas and packing material; can eliminate be mingled with, the weld defect such as pore, crackle; and do not produce flue dust, arc light, noise etc., have simultaneously simple to operate, be easy to automatic welding, welding efficiency high.In welding process, material does not melt, and heat input is lower, has unique advantage in the welding of foreign material.But, due to the intensity of steel and fusing point high, the serious wear of mixing needle in welding process, the superhard soldering set such as polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, tungsten-rhenium alloy is adopted to solve soldering set wear problem to a certain extent, but the shortcomings such as fracture toughness is low, preparation difficulty, difficult processing, the high economy of price and technical deficiency that they exist, are difficult to generally apply.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the higher mixing needle serious wear caused of hardness due to steel when solving For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium docking, weld defect is many, the problem of the joint fails that bonding strength is low and cause, provides a kind of steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material.
Method of the present invention is realized by following steps:
Step one, the docking end face of steel plate to be welded and aluminium sheet to be welded and weld zone, upper and lower end face are cleaned out, weld zone is 20mm ~ 30mm, removes the oxide of steel plate to be welded and surface of aluminum plate to be welded;
Step 2, the employing to be welded steel plate of organic solvent wiping after mechanical treatment and the surface of aluminium sheet to be welded, be placed in steel plate to be welded and aluminium sheet to be welded on workbench in the mode of docking, and carry out rigidity clamping with fixture;
Step 3, high-frequency induction heating apparatus are arranged on the front of stirring-head and are positioned at the region to be welded of steel plate to be welded, high-frequency induction heating apparatus is 5mm ~ 25mm apart from the distance b between stirring-head, be connected machine integrated to high-frequency induction heating apparatus and friction stir welding, high-frequency induction heating apparatus in welding process along with stirring-head is along welding direction synchronizing moving;
Step 4, welding back side film laying heat resistant material at steel plate to be welded, film heat resistant material can reduce the steel plate thickness direction temperature distributing disproportionation because steel plate heat conduction to be welded causes;
Step 5, the power frequency that high-frequency induction heating apparatus is rationally set and coil turn, power frequency is between 20kHz ~ 100kHz, coil turn is between 10 circle ~ 40 circles, the galvanomagnetic-effect utilizing end turn magnetic field to cause in steel plate to be welded is treated welding steel plate and is heated, and the temperature controlling steel plate to be welded maintains between 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C before welding;
Step 6, startup friction stir welding machine, aluminium sheet side to be welded is partial in mixing needle center, offset distance is 1/4 ~ 1/3 of mixing needle diameters, stirring-head is with rotating speed 200r/min ~ 3000r/min, speed of welding 10mm/min ~ 1000mm/min, the welding parameter of shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05mm ~ 1mm is welded along welding direction.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
One, the present invention is the method that steel side high-frequency induction heating pre assists friction stir welding, it is a kind of solid phase connecting method, utilize high-frequency induction to treat welding steel plate and carry out local fast heating, steel plate is made to reach 400-550 DEG C before welding, to a certain degree softening appears in material, both can alleviate the wearing and tearing of Steel material to stirring-head in friction stir welding process, speed of welding can also be increased under condition of the same race, improve welding efficiency.
Two, the Steel material under soft condition, fully can mix with aluminum in welding process, eliminate occur in normal welding process groove, to be mingled with etc. owing to flowing insufficient defect caused, improve appearance of weld, welding quality improves.
Three, during high-frequency induction heating auxiliary welding aluminium-Steel material, heating is only applied to steel plate side, and is not applied to aluminium sheet side, avoids the aluminium sheet fusing under conventional heating mode; The method has locality and high efficiency.
Four, at the welding back side film laying heat resistant material of steel plate to be welded, can effectively reduce and produce excessive thermograde at thickness direction, prevent the institutional framework shortcoming that thickness direction causes because of excessive temperature differentials.
Five, high-frequency induction heating process is simple, is easy to control, and temperature control precision is high, easily is automated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the steel side high-frequency induction heating pre of aluminum steel material of the present invention docking assists stir friction welding process schematic diagram (the front indication marking 7 in figure is heating region, the welding direction of mark 8).
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, and present embodiment is realized by following steps:
Step one, the docking end face of steel plate 1 to be welded and aluminium sheet to be welded 2 and weld zone, upper and lower end face W are cleaned out, weld zone W is 20mm ~ 30mm, removes the oxide on steel plate 1 to be welded and aluminium sheet to be welded 2 surface;
Step 2, the employing to be welded steel plate 1 of organic solvent wiping after mechanical treatment and the surface of aluminium sheet to be welded 2, remove the foreign material such as metallic dust and greasy dirt, steel plate 1 to be welded and aluminium sheet to be welded 2 are placed on workbench in the mode of docking, and carry out rigidity clamping with fixture;
Step 3, high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3 are arranged on the front of stirring-head 4 and are positioned at the region to be welded of steel plate 1 to be welded, preheating makes steel plate local softening, alleviate mixing needle wearing and tearing, improve speed of welding, high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3 is 5mm ~ 25mm apart from the distance b between stirring-head 4, connect integrated with friction stir welding machine 5 for high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3, high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3 in welding process along with stirring-head 3 is along welding direction synchronizing moving;
Step 4, welding back side film laying heat resistant material 6 at steel plate 1 to be welded, can prevent from producing excessive thermograde at thickness direction; Film heat resistant material 6 can reduce the steel plate thickness direction temperature distributing disproportionation because steel plate 1 to be welded heat conduction causes, and the impact that the thickness of film heat resistant material 6 treats welding steel plate 1 integral thickness can be ignored;
Step 5, the power frequency that high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3 is rationally set and coil turn, power frequency is between 20kHz ~ 100kHz, coil turn is between 10 circle ~ 40 circles, the galvanomagnetic-effect utilizing end turn magnetic field to cause in steel plate 1 to be welded is treated welding steel plate 1 and is heated, the temperature controlling steel plate 1 to be welded maintains between 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C before welding, such one side makes steel plate 1 to be welded as far as possible by thermal softening, prevents because heat transfer makes aluminium sheet 2 temperature to be welded too high on the other hand;
Step 6, startup friction stir welding machine 5, aluminium sheet 2 side to be welded is partial in mixing needle center, offset distance is 1/4 ~ 1/3 of mixing needle diameters, stirring-head 4 is with rotating speed 200r/min ~ 3000r/min, speed of welding 10mm/min ~ 1000mm/min, the welding parameter of shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05mm ~ 1mm is welded along welding direction.
Detailed description of the invention two: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that in step one, steel plate 1 to be welded is ordinary low-carbon steel or low-alloy steel, and aluminium sheet 2 to be welded is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that the thickness of steel plate 1 to be welded and aluminium sheet to be welded 2 in step one is equal, and its thickness is between 1mm ~ 10mm.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention two.
Detailed description of the invention four: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the oxide adopting motor wire brush or sand paper to remove steel plate 1 to be welded and aluminium sheet 2 surface in step one.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention three.
Detailed description of the invention five: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that in step one, weld zone W is 25mm.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention six: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that the distance a between the lower surface of step 3 medium-high frequency induction heating apparatus 3 and steel plate to be welded 1 surface remains between 3mm ~ 5mm.Distance between stirring-head 4 and high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3 comprehensively determines depending on the thickness of steel plate 1 to be welded and speed of welding.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention seven: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is step 3 medium-high frequency induction heating apparatus 3 is 15mm apart from the distance b between stirring-head 4.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention eight: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that in step 4, film heat resistant material 6 is UpilexS Kapton, and its vitrification point is more than 500 DEG C; The thickness of film heat resistant material 6 can be ignored.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention nine: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that in step 5, power frequency is 50kHz, and coil turn is 25 circles, and the temperature of steel plate 1 to be welded is 450 DEG C before welding.Above-mentioned numerical value can be comprehensively determined according to the thickness of steel plate 1 to be welded and speed of welding.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention ten: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the rotating speed of stirring-head 4 in step 6 is 1500r/min, and speed of welding is 500mm/min, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.1mm.Welding parameter can be selected according to the concrete condition of the thickness of steel plate 1 to be welded and high-frequency induction heating apparatus 3.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Claims (10)
1., for a steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for aluminum steel material docking, it is characterized in that: described method is realized by following steps:
Step one, the docking end face of steel plate to be welded (1) and aluminium sheet to be welded (2) and weld zone, upper and lower end face (W) to be cleaned out, (W) is 20mm ~ 30mm in weld zone, removes the oxide on steel plate to be welded (1) and aluminium sheet to be welded (2) surface;
Step 2, the employing to be welded steel plate (1) of organic solvent wiping after mechanical treatment and the surface of aluminium sheet to be welded (2), steel plate to be welded (1) and aluminium sheet to be welded (2) are placed on workbench in the mode of docking, and carry out rigidity clamping with fixture;
Step 3, high-frequency induction heating apparatus (3) are arranged on the front of stirring-head (4) and are positioned at the region to be welded of steel plate to be welded (1), high-frequency induction heating apparatus (3) is 5mm ~ 25mm apart from the distance b between stirring-head (4), connect integrated with friction stir welding machine (5) for high-frequency induction heating apparatus (3), high-frequency induction heating apparatus (3) in welding process along with stirring-head (4) is along welding direction synchronizing moving;
Step 4, welding back side film laying heat resistant material (6) at steel plate to be welded (1), film heat resistant material (6) can reduce the steel plate thickness direction temperature distributing disproportionation because steel plate to be welded (1) heat conduction causes;
Step 5, the power frequency that high-frequency induction heating apparatus (3) is rationally set and coil turn, power frequency is between 20kHz ~ 100kHz, coil turn is between 10 circle ~ 40 circles, the galvanomagnetic-effect utilizing end turn magnetic field to cause in steel plate to be welded (1) is treated welding steel plate (1) and is heated, and the temperature controlling steel plate to be welded (1) maintains between 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C before welding;
Step 6, startup friction stir welding machine (5), aluminium sheet to be welded (2) side is partial in mixing needle center, offset distance is 1/4 ~ 1/3 of mixing needle diameters, stirring-head (4) is with rotating speed 200r/min ~ 3000r/min, speed of welding 10mm/min ~ 1000mm/min, the welding parameter of shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05mm ~ 1mm is welded along welding direction.
2. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step one, steel plate to be welded (1) is ordinary low-carbon steel or low-alloy steel, aluminium sheet to be welded (2) is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
3. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step one, the thickness of steel plate to be welded (1) and aluminium sheet to be welded (2) is equal, and its thickness is between 1mm ~ 10mm.
4. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: adopt motor wire brush or sand paper to remove the oxide on steel plate to be welded (1) and aluminium sheet (2) surface in described step one.
5. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step one, weld zone (W) is 25mm.
6. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the distance a between the lower surface of described step 3 medium-high frequency induction heating apparatus (3) and steel plate to be welded (1) surface remains between 3mm ~ 5mm.
7. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3 medium-high frequency induction heating apparatus (3) is 15mm apart from the distance b between stirring-head (4).
8. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, film heat resistant material (6) is UpilexS Kapton, and its vitrification point is more than 500 DEG C.
9. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, power frequency is 50kHz, coil turn is 25 circles, and the temperature of steel plate to be welded (1) is 450 DEG C before welding.
10. the steel side high-frequency induction heating friction stir welding method for the docking of aluminum steel material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, the rotating speed of stirring-head (4) is 1500r/min, speed of welding is 500mm/min, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.1mm.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107486621A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-19 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of method for improving big thickness aluminium alloy stir friction welding seam thickness direction thermograde |
| CN107877016A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-06 | 重集团天津重工有限公司 | The sensing heating stirring friction composition welding method and device of steel docking |
| CN108637505A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2018-10-12 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of asymmetric argon tungsten-arc welding preheating-stirring friction composition welding method |
| CN109249125A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-22 | 中船澄西船舶修造有限公司 | Ship Welding For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium And Steel technique |
| CN109465534A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 希捷科技有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool, correlation technique and be formed as include friction-stir weld seam component |
| CN109604805A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 重庆理工大学 | Aluminium sheet and steel plate electromagnetic pulse welding method |
| CN109967858A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of friction stir welding method suitable between metal and polymer |
| CN111673263A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-18 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Friction stir welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel and aluminum alloy |
| CN111805106A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-23 | 张洪涛 | Stirring induction welding method and stirring head |
| CN112935521A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Friction stir welding method for beryllium-aluminum alloy plate |
| CN114012238A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 黄山学院 | Friction stir welding method and device for dissimilar materials with large melting point difference |
| CN114473180A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107486621A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-19 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of method for improving big thickness aluminium alloy stir friction welding seam thickness direction thermograde |
| CN109465534A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 希捷科技有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool, correlation technique and be formed as include friction-stir weld seam component |
| CN109465534B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2022-03-01 | 希捷科技有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool, related method, and assembly formed to include a friction stir weld |
| CN107877016A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-06 | 重集团天津重工有限公司 | The sensing heating stirring friction composition welding method and device of steel docking |
| CN107877016B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-04-14 | 一重集团天津重工有限公司 | Steel butt-jointed induction heating-stirring friction composite welding method and device |
| CN108637505A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2018-10-12 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of asymmetric argon tungsten-arc welding preheating-stirring friction composition welding method |
| CN109249125A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-22 | 中船澄西船舶修造有限公司 | Ship Welding For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium And Steel technique |
| CN109604805A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 重庆理工大学 | Aluminium sheet and steel plate electromagnetic pulse welding method |
| CN109967858B (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2021-03-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding method suitable for metal and polymer |
| CN109967858A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of friction stir welding method suitable between metal and polymer |
| CN111673263A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-18 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Friction stir welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel and aluminum alloy |
| CN111805106A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-23 | 张洪涛 | Stirring induction welding method and stirring head |
| CN112935521A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Friction stir welding method for beryllium-aluminum alloy plate |
| CN112935521B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-03-21 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Friction stir welding method for beryllium-aluminum alloy plate |
| CN114012238A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 黄山学院 | Friction stir welding method and device for dissimilar materials with large melting point difference |
| CN114473180A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection |
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