CN113146018A - Solid-phase welding method for dispersed copper - Google Patents

Solid-phase welding method for dispersed copper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113146018A
CN113146018A CN202110287214.1A CN202110287214A CN113146018A CN 113146018 A CN113146018 A CN 113146018A CN 202110287214 A CN202110287214 A CN 202110287214A CN 113146018 A CN113146018 A CN 113146018A
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Prior art keywords
welding
welded
plate
dispersed copper
test
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CN202110287214.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘汉强
陈会东
杨硕
李文甫
王岳
谢述锋
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725th Research Institute of CSIC
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725th Research Institute of CSIC
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Priority to CN202110287214.1A priority Critical patent/CN113146018A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26Auxiliary equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

A solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper comprises the following steps: processing and surface treating a welding joint of the welding test plates, installing two test plate groups to be welded on a welding tool, applying vertical pre-tightening on the test plates to be welded to restrict a gap between the test plates to be welded, carrying out front friction stir welding according to welding parameters, and then carrying out welding of the other surface according to the method. The invention can realize the welding forming of the large-section-size dispersed copper, so that the size of the dispersed copper plate blank is not limited, and the design difficulty of a demand unit is obviously reduced.

Description

Solid-phase welding method for dispersed copper
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid-phase welding of ceramic particle dispersion strengthened metal materials, and particularly relates to a solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper.
Background
The dispersed copper is a high-strength high-conductivity copper-based composite material, and a nano-grade alumina particle strengthening phase is dispersed in a matrix of the copper-based composite material, so that the softening temperature, the hardness and the strength of the material are obviously improved while the high conductivity and the high heat conductivity of the copper-based composite material are ensured. The welding technology of the dispersed copper material is very important because the dispersed copper material has high work hardening rate and large deformation processing difficulty, and the special-shaped component with large section size or complex shape is difficult to prepare by adopting the processes of rolling, forging and the like.
The existing dispersion copper welding process mainly comprises fusion welding and brazing, and related materials mainly comprise dispersion copper, red copper, chromium-zirconium-copper, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and the like. Because the density difference between the aluminum oxide and the copper metal is large and the wettability is poor, the aluminum oxide in the dispersed copper can float above a molten pool during fusion welding, so that impurities are generated between fusion welding layers, and the mechanical property of a joint is influenced; according to the method, each time of pickling and impurity removal is adopted, so that the fusion welding effect can be improved, the pickling step is added, and the production efficiency is reduced. The dispersion copper brazing has certain disadvantages, such as the need of expensive silver-based brazing filler metal, complex brazing process, high requirement on equipment capacity, unstable joint quality, serious grain boundary reaction of a brazing layer and easy occurrence of holes. The most troublesome problem is that welding wires, brazing filler metal and other dissimilar materials are introduced in the fusion welding and brazing processes of the dispersed copper, and welding joints become weak parts of the dispersed copper welding parts, so that the dispersed copper components cannot inherit the high strength, high conductivity, high temperature resistance and other properties of the dispersed copper materials, and the application range of the dispersed copper welding parts is limited.
The literature research indicates that the welding of the dispersed copper can be realized by adopting a friction stir welding mode, but for a large-section-size dispersed copper component, the components are easy to explode or warp upwards along the direction vertical to the welding seam when in friction stir welding, and the problem that the welding seam is layered to influence the welding quality also occurs. The large section size means that the diameter of a bar is more than or equal to 60mm or the side length of a plate blank is more than or equal to 100 mm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper, which can solve the quality problem of the large-section-size dispersed copper welding process by adopting a friction stir welding technology for the welding of the dispersed copper by means of a designed welding tool.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper comprises the following steps:
processing the welding joint positions of two plates to be welded into a right-angle flat joint, and then carrying out surface treatment on the joint positions;
step two, assembling and installing two to-be-welded plates between two edge positioning barrier strips of a welding tool in a mode that joints are opposite, and enabling the front ends of the two to-be-welded plates to abut against the end positioning barrier strips of the welding tool;
applying vertical pretightening force to the edge part parallel to the welding seam on each plate to be welded through a side surface pretightening pressure plate of the welding tool, and ensuring that the gap between the two plates to be welded is less than 0.2 mm;
fourthly, performing front welding on the two to-be-welded test plates by adopting friction stir welding, wherein the inclination angle of a main shaft of the friction stir welding is 2.5 degrees, the rotating speed of the main shaft is 100-480 rpm, the welding speed is 100-200 mm/min, and the pressing amount of a shaft shoulder is 0.1-1 mm; in the welding process, a pinch roller arranged on the advancing side of the main shaft synchronously advances along with the main shaft to restrain a welding seam at the front end of the stirring head;
and step five, polishing and cleaning the welding line after the front surface of the test plate is welded, then overturning the test plate to enable the welding line to be arranged reversely in the same direction, then installing the test plate on the welding tool again according to the step two and the step three, welding the back surface of the test plate according to the welding parameters of the step four, and taking the welded test plate down from the welding tool after the welding is finished.
And the surface treatment in the first step comprises grinding and cleaning the welding joint position of the test plate.
And cleaning the welding joint position of the test plate by using acetone or alcohol.
The length of the stirring head is 1/2-3/4 of the thickness of a plate to be welded.
The welding tool is provided with a substrate, the edge positioning barrier strip and the end positioning barrier strip are welded on the upper surface of the substrate, and the thickness of the edge positioning barrier strip is smaller than the maximum thickness of a to-be-welded test plate, so that a gap is reserved between the side pre-tightening pressing plate and the edge positioning barrier strip while the side pre-tightening pressing plate compresses the to-be-welded test plate.
One end of the side pre-tightening pressure plate is tightly pressed on the test plate to be welded, the other end of the side pre-tightening pressure plate extends out of the test plate to be welded, the side pre-tightening pressure plate is fixed on the base plate through bolts, and the pre-tightening force of the side pre-tightening pressure plate is controlled through the screwing degree of the bolts.
The pressing wheel is installed on the main shaft through a support, and the axial width of the pressing wheel is larger than that of the welding line.
One of the two test plates to be welded is a dispersion copper test plate, and the other is a dispersion copper test plate or a dissimilar metal test plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the dispersed copper has high hardness and does not have high-temperature softening behavior in the range of 800-950 ℃, so when friction stir welding is adopted, after a stirring head penetrates into a joint gap of two dispersed copper test plates, the dispersed copper test plates are easy to burst to two sides along the direction perpendicular to a welding seam and generate upward warping deformation, the welding quality of the initial stage of the friction stir welding of the dispersed copper is poor, the welding seam is delaminated if the welding seam is light, furrows are generated on the advancing side of the welding seam if the welding seam is heavy, and the defects can be introduced into a new welding seam if the welding is carried out forwards. Therefore, the welding method provided by the invention has the advantages that by means of the welding tool, the two dispersed copper test plates can be positioned and restrained through the circumferential positioning barrier strips consisting of the edge positioning barrier strips and the end positioning barrier strips, the dispersed copper test plates can be prevented from being cracked during initial welding, the circumferential positioning barrier strips can be matched with the side surface pre-tightening pressing plate, the gap of the welding joint of the two dispersed copper test plates is ensured to be smaller than 0.2mm, and the welding quality is improved.
Due to the large thermal expansion coefficient of the dispersed copper, the thermal stress in the welding process easily causes the buckling deformation of the materials around the weld nuggets, and particularly, the weld thinning amount of the welding seam at the front end of the stirring head is increased due to the arching deformation, so that the constraint on the welding seam at the front end of the stirring head needs to be increased. According to the invention, the pressing wheel advancing synchronously with the stirring main shaft is adopted to restrain the welding line at the front end of the stirring head, so that the uniformity of the thickness of the whole dispersion copper welding line is improved.
Aiming at the problem that the weak connection of roots is easy to occur in single-side friction welding of dispersed copper, so that the mechanical property of a joint is insufficient, the invention adopts a double-side friction welding process, wherein the length of a stirring head is 1/2-3/4 of the thickness of a material to be welded. And after the single-side welding is finished, polishing the flash, burrs and the like of the welding seam, reversely arranging the welding seam in the same direction, and then carrying out back welding. The double-sided friction welding of the dispersed copper can avoid the problem of weak connection of the root part during single-sided welding, and obviously improves the mechanical property of the dispersed copper joint.
The invention can realize the welding of the dispersed copper and the dispersed copper, is also suitable for the welding between the dispersed copper and the dissimilar metal, solves the difficult problem of the forming of the dispersed copper with large section size, and has simple processing technology and convenient automatic control.
After the method is adopted, under the dual actions of frictional heat and stirring force, the material in the diffusion brazing core area is subjected to severe plastic deformation. By controlling the rotating speed of the main shaft and the welding speed, the dispersion copper material is ensured to fully flow and not exceed a melting point, and high-quality connection between the dispersion copper can be realized. The test result shows that the dispersed copper friction stir welding joint has compact structure and fine grains, the microhardness of the joint reaches 95 percent of the base metal, the tensile strength reaches 94 percent of the base metal, and the electric conductivity reaches 98 percent of the base metal; after the heat treatment at 900 ℃ for 2h, the microhardness of the joint can still maintain 91 percent of that before the heat treatment.
Limited by the capacity of processing equipment, the diameter of a dispersed copper ingot blank or the width of a plate cannot break through 200mm easily. After the welding method is adopted, the large-section-size dispersed copper can be welded and formed by the dispersed copper friction stir welding of the welding tool. The size of the dispersion copper plate blank is not limited, and the design difficulty of a demand unit is obviously reduced.
The friction stir welding technology for the dispersed copper has the characteristics of fewer working procedures and simplicity in operation, and can realize automatic control of the welding process by setting welding parameters, thereby greatly reducing the labor intensity, ensuring the welding quality and improving the welding efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a welding tool used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dispersed copper weld joint welded by the welding method of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises a base plate, 2 test plates A and 3 to be welded, test plates B and 4 to be welded, a main shaft, 5, a side pre-tightening pressing plate, 6, a pressing wheel, 7, an edge positioning barrier strip and 8, an end positioning barrier strip.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
A solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper needs the assistance of a welding tool, and the structure of the welding tool is explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the welding tool includes a substrate 1 as a base, two symmetrically arranged edge positioning barrier strips 7 and an end positioning barrier strip 8 are welded on the substrate 1, and the end positioning barrier strip 8 and the two edge positioning barrier strips 7 form a circumferential positioning barrier strip which semi-surrounds two test plates to be welded to realize positioning; the welding fixture is characterized by further comprising four side pre-tightening pressing plates 5, wherein the two side pre-tightening pressing plates 5 correspond to a test plate A to be welded, the other two side pre-tightening pressing plates 5 correspond to a test plate B to be welded, one end of each side pre-tightening pressing plate 5 is connected to the base plate 1 through a bolt (the bolt is not shown in the drawing), the bolt is located on the outer side of the edge positioning barrier strip 7, the other end of each side pre-tightening pressing plate 5 is pressed on the upper surface of the test plate to be welded, pre-tightening force of the side pre-tightening pressing plates 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing amount of the bolt, the two test plates to be welded are positioned and restrained by matching of the side pre-tightening pressing plates 5 and the circumferential positioning barrier strips, and gaps at the welding joints of the test plates are kept within 0.2mm in the welding process.
Furthermore, the thickness of the edge positioning barrier 7 is smaller than that of the test board to be welded, so that the side pre-tightening pressing plate 5 can sufficiently press the test board to be welded without being blocked by the edge positioning barrier 7.
Further, the welding tool further comprises a pressing wheel 6, the pressing wheel 6 needs to be arranged on the front side of the main shaft 4 of the friction stir welding and can move forwards synchronously with the main shaft 4, the axial width of the pressing wheel 6 is larger than the width of the welding seam, and when the pressing wheel 6 moves forwards along the welding seam, the pressing wheel 6 can rotate freely and is pressed on the welding seam all the time. The connection between the pinch wheel 6 and the main shaft 4 in fig. 1 is of conventional design and therefore does not show a specific connection.
The solid-phase welding method of the dispersed copper comprises the following steps:
processing the welding joint positions of a to-be-welded test plate A and a to-be-welded test plate B into right-angle flat plate joints, and then carrying out surface treatment on the joint positions, wherein the surface treatment comprises sanding by using abrasive paper and cleaning by using acetone or alcohol;
step two, assembling and installing the to-be-welded plate A and the to-be-welded plate B between two edge positioning barrier strips of the welding tool in a mode that joints are opposite, and enabling the front ends of the to-be-welded plate A and the to-be-welded plate B to abut against the end positioning barrier strips of the welding tool;
applying vertical pretightening force to the edge part parallel to the welding seam on each plate to be welded through a side surface pretightening pressure plate of the welding tool, and ensuring that the gap between the two plates to be welded is less than 0.2 mm;
fourthly, performing front welding on the test board A to be welded and the test board B to be welded by adopting friction stir welding, wherein the inclination angle of a main shaft of the friction stir welding is 2.5 degrees, the rotating speed of the main shaft is 100-480 rpm, the welding speed is 100-200 mm/min, and the pressing amount of a shaft shoulder is 0.1-1 mm; in the welding process, a pinch roller arranged on the advancing side of the main shaft synchronously advances along with the main shaft to restrain a welding seam at the front end of the stirring head;
and step five, after the front side of the test plate is welded, polishing and cleaning the welding line, then overturning the test plate to enable the welding line to be arranged in the same direction in an opposite mode, then installing the test plate to be welded on a welding tool again according to the step two and the step three, welding the back side of the test plate according to the welding parameters of the step four, and after the welding is finished, taking the welded plate off the welding tool, wherein the welded welding line is as shown in fig. 2.
Further, the length of the stirring head is 1/2-3/4 of the thickness of a plate to be welded.
Example (b): a pair of dispersed copper plates with the alumina content of 0.505 percent and the size of 300mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 5mm are adopted for stirring friction welding.
During welding, the inclination angle of the main shaft is 2.5 degrees, the stirring head is conical, the length of the stirring head is 3.5mm, and the width of the shaft shoulder is 15 mm. Before welding, the test plates to be welded are sequentially polished by abrasive paper and cleaned by alcohol, and 1 pair of welding test plates are fixed by a clamp. The main shaft rotating speed is 150rpm, the welding speed is 125mm/min, the shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.3mm, and double-side welding is carried out.
Through testing, the structure of the dispersed copper friction stir welding joint is compact and the crystal grains are fine; the microhardness of the joint is 135.3HV, which is 95% of the parent metal; the tensile strength of the joint is 402MPa, which reaches 94% of the parent metal; the elongation of the joint was 10%, which was 41.7% of the base material; the electric conductivity of the joint is 91% IACS, and is the same as that of the parent metal; after the heat treatment at 900 ℃ for 2h, the microhardness of the joint is 123.8HV, which is 91% of that before the heat treatment.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the specific embodiments of the present invention can be modified or substituted with equivalents with reference to the above embodiments, and any modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims to be appended.

Claims (8)

1. A solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing the welding joint positions of two plates to be welded into a right-angle flat joint, and then carrying out surface treatment on the joint positions;
step two, assembling and installing two to-be-welded plates between two edge positioning barrier strips of a welding tool in a mode that joints are opposite, and enabling the front ends of the two to-be-welded plates to abut against the end positioning barrier strips of the welding tool;
applying vertical pretightening force to the edge part parallel to the welding seam on each plate to be welded through a side surface pretightening pressure plate of the welding tool, and ensuring that the gap between the two plates to be welded is less than 0.2 mm;
fourthly, performing front welding on the two to-be-welded test plates by adopting friction stir welding, wherein the inclination angle of a main shaft of the friction stir welding is 2.5 degrees, the rotating speed of the main shaft is 100-480 rpm, the welding speed is 100-200 mm/min, and the pressing amount of a shaft shoulder is 0.1-1 mm; in the welding process, a pinch roller arranged on the advancing side of the main shaft synchronously advances along with the main shaft to restrain a welding seam at the front end of the stirring head;
and step five, polishing and cleaning the welding line after the front surface of the test plate is welded, then overturning the test plate to enable the welding line to be arranged reversely in the same direction, then installing the test plate on the welding tool again according to the step two and the step three, welding the back surface of the test plate according to the welding parameters of the step four, and taking the welded test plate down from the welding tool after the welding is finished.
2. The solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment in the first step comprises grinding and cleaning of the welding joint position of the test plate.
3. The solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper according to claim 2, wherein the test plate welding joint is cleaned by acetone or alcohol.
4. The solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper according to claim 1, wherein the length of the stirring head is 1/2-3/4 of the thickness of the plate to be welded.
5. The solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper according to claim 1, wherein the welding tool has a base plate, the edge positioning barrier and the end positioning barrier are welded on the upper surface of the base plate, and the thickness of the edge positioning barrier is smaller than that of the test plate to be welded, so that a gap is left between the side pre-tightening pressing plate and the edge positioning barrier while the side pre-tightening pressing plate compresses the test plate to be welded.
6. The solid-phase welding method for the dispersed copper according to claim 5, characterized in that one end of the side pre-tightening pressing plate is tightly pressed on the plate to be welded, the other end of the side pre-tightening pressing plate extends out of the plate to be welded, the side pre-tightening pressing plate is fixed on the base plate through a bolt, and the pre-tightening force of the side pre-tightening pressing plate is controlled through the screwing degree of the bolt.
7. The solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper according to claim 1, characterized in that the pinch roller is mounted on the main shaft by a bracket, and the axial width of the pinch roller is greater than the width of the weld.
8. The solid-phase welding method of dispersed copper as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of the two test plates to be welded is a dispersed copper test plate, and the other is a dispersed copper test plate or a dissimilar metal test plate.
CN202110287214.1A 2021-03-17 2021-03-17 Solid-phase welding method for dispersed copper Pending CN113146018A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113996914A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-01 湖南坤鼎数控科技有限公司 Control system for friction stir welding
CN114346604A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-15 忻州尚华扬电器设备有限公司 Method for manufacturing copper-iron transition block
CN114603246A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-10 福建省南平铝业股份有限公司 Magnesium-aluminum dissimilar alloy welding device and method

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113996914A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-01 湖南坤鼎数控科技有限公司 Control system for friction stir welding
CN114346604A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-15 忻州尚华扬电器设备有限公司 Method for manufacturing copper-iron transition block
CN114603246A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-10 福建省南平铝业股份有限公司 Magnesium-aluminum dissimilar alloy welding device and method

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