CN114016021A - Preparation method of wear-resistant and antifriction high-entropy alloy coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of wear-resistant and antifriction high-entropy alloy coating Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an anti-wear and anti-friction high-entropy alloy coating, which comprises the following steps: placing a base material on a permanent magnetic plate; generating a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the base material, and carrying out surface milling treatment; inputting heat to the high-entropy alloy coating to generate a primary high-temperature molten pool; ceramic particles are fed into the primary high-temperature molten pool, meanwhile, the electromagnet is electrified, and magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the electromagnet and the electromagnet cross the primary high-temperature molten pool and continue to be completely condensed; generating a secondary high-temperature molten pool on the surface of the condensed primary high-temperature molten pool; the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet are simultaneously electrified, the ultrasonic generated by the ultrasonic generator disturbs the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, the magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the secondary high-temperature molten pool and continue to be completely condensed; and carrying out preheating treatment on the surface of the condensed secondary high-temperature molten pool, and executing repeated rolling operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a preparation method of an anti-wear and anti-friction high-entropy alloy coating.
Background
According to the published literature, the high-entropy alloy has excellent comprehensive properties of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and the application range of the high-entropy alloy can be further expanded by preparing the high-entropy alloy coating through a laser cladding technology.
With the more severe working conditions of service, the conventional high-entropy alloy coating is difficult to meet the service requirements, especially key parts in the field of friction and wear, the parts require high hardness and high wear resistance on the surface and high toughness inside, so that the injection of high-performance ceramic particles into the surface of the high-entropy alloy coating is a good idea, and the main related technical data are listed as follows:
1) the chinese invention patent cn202011462467.x discloses a design idea of directly injecting ceramic particles on the surface of a substrate to obtain a high-performance wear-resistant melt injection layer, but in the actual melt injection process, because the ceramic particles have low density and light weight, the ceramic particles are concentrated on the surface layer of a molten pool, and are difficult to be uniformly distributed in the substrate, and the depth is limited.
2) The method which is provided by the Chinese invention patent CN201910620490.8 and gives consideration to the laser melting injection efficiency, the composite layer depth and the metallurgical quality can effectively improve the injection depth and efficiency of ceramic particles, but the distribution state of reinforced particles is difficult to effectively and actively control.
3) Songshizin (Songshizin, Wang Liang, Wayong, etc. Chinese laser 2016(5): 63-7) utilizes a steady-state magnetic field to assist laser melting injection, and a WC/316L metal-based gradient composite material coating with adjustable tungsten carbide (WC) particle distribution is successfully prepared on a 316L stainless steel matrix.
In the above-mentioned published patents or documents, laser fusion injection is directly performed on the surface of a substrate, so that the depth of fusion of the ceramic particles is shallow, the distribution uniformity of the ceramic particles in the high-entropy alloy coating is extremely poor, and finally, the wear resistance and the friction reduction performance of the prepared high-entropy alloy coating cannot meet the requirements of large-scale industrial application. Thus, a skilled person is urgently needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems and drawbacks, the subject group of the present invention collects relevant data, and through many evaluations and considerations, and through continuous experiments and modifications by subject group personnel, the method for preparing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating finally appears.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention relates to a preparation method of an anti-wear and anti-friction high-entropy alloy coating, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the base material on the permanent magnetic plate;
s2, preparing the high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the base material by the aid of the laser cladding head, and milling the surface of the cladding layer of the high-entropy alloy coating by the aid of a milling process;
s3, arranging an electromagnet right above the base material; applying laser fixed-point irradiation to the high-entropy alloy coating by using a facula laser head to generate a primary high-temperature molten pool under the electromagnet;
s4, feeding ceramic particles into the primary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, introducing direct current to the electromagnet to enable the electromagnet to generate magnetism, wherein magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic effect of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the primary high-temperature molten pool and are kept for a set time until the primary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
s5, arranging an ultrasonic generator right above the base material; starting the facula laser head for the second time, and generating a secondary high-temperature molten pool on the surface of the condensed primary high-temperature molten pool in a laser fixed-point irradiation mode; the secondary high-temperature molten pool is aligned with the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet;
s6, electrifying the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet, wherein ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic generator are propagated through an air path to disturb the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the secondary high-temperature molten pool and continue for a set time until the secondary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
s7, starting the light spot laser head for the third time to preheat the surface of the condensed secondary high-temperature molten pool;
s8, rolling the preheating area formed in the step S7 repeatedly.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S2, the laser cladding head completes the preparation operation of the high-entropy alloy coating by using the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding and single-layer multi-pass lapping process.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S2, the surface roughness value of the high-entropy alloy coating is controlled to be 3.2-6.4 μm after milling and leveling treatment.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the light spot laser head is preferably a rectangular light spot laser head. The fixed-point irradiation time of the light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a In step S3, the working power of the laser head is controlled to be 1000-1200 w; in step S5, the working power of the laser spot laser head is controlled to be 800-1000 w. In step S7, the working power of the laser spot laser head is controlled to be 600-800 w.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S4, ceramic particles are fed into a primary high-temperature molten pool at a speed of 10-50 g/min by a powder feeding pipe.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S6, when direct current is introduced to the electromagnet, the generated directional magnetic field strength is controlled to be 0.5-10T; when AC current is introduced to the electromagnet, the generated directional magnetic field strength is controlled at 0.5-500 mT.
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, in step S8, the ultrasonic rolling head is turned on to perform the ultrasonic rolling operation on the preheating area.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S8, the ultrasonic rolling head is a cylinder with the width of 20mm and the diameter of 5mm, the working static pressure of the ultrasonic rolling cutter is controlled to be 300N-1500N, the ultrasonic frequency is controlled to be 20-40 kHZ, and the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 5-20 μm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, assuming that the thickness of the high-entropy alloy coating is t, the depth of the primary high-temperature molten pool is d1, and the depth of the secondary high-temperature molten pool is d2, d2 is greater than d1, and d2 is greater than or equal to 1/3t and is less than or equal to 1/2 t.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the high-entropy alloy coating is preferably composed of at least five of seven elements such as Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Ti and the like, the processing parameters are that the laser power is controlled to be 1200 w-1500 w, the spot diameter is controlled to be 3 mm-5 mm, the powder feeding rate is controlled to be 8 g/min-15 g/min, the lap joint rate is not less than 35%, and t is controlled to be 0.5 mm-3 mm.
Compared with the traditional preparation method for designing the high-entropy alloy coating, the technical scheme disclosed by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects in practical application:
1) the surface of the high-entropy alloy coating can obtain certain roughness by laser milling, so that the heat absorption rate of the high-entropy alloy coating is increased, and the formation of a subsequent primary high-temperature molten pool and a subsequent secondary high-temperature molten pool is facilitated;
2) after ceramic particles are fed into the primary high-temperature molten pool, magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the electromagnet and the permanent magnetic plate cross the primary high-temperature molten pool, so that the downward driving force of the ceramic particles is effectively increased, and the distribution depth of the ceramic particles in the primary high-temperature molten pool is favorably enhanced;
3) after the primary high-temperature molten pool is condensed, heating treatment is carried out on the primary high-temperature molten pool again to generate a secondary high-temperature molten pool, magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the electromagnet and the permanent magnetic plate are used for traversing the primary high-temperature molten pool so as to further enhance the distribution depth of the ceramic particles in the primary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic generator is started to generate ultrasonic waves capable of disturbing the secondary high-temperature molten pool so as to greatly improve the distribution uniformity of the ceramic particles in the secondary high-temperature molten pool;
4) the surface roughness of the high-entropy alloy coating is effectively reduced, the residual compressive stress on the surface is reduced, the metallographic structure of the high-entropy alloy coating is greatly refined, and the high-entropy alloy coating is finally in a structure distribution form with hard outside and tough inside, so that the high-entropy alloy coating has excellent wear resistance and friction reduction performance, and is used as a good bedding for large-scale industrial application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The methods are conventional methods, not specifically described.
Example one
A preparation method of an anti-wear and anti-friction high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a base material (300 mm multiplied by 300mm, the thickness is not less than 5 mm) on the permanent magnetic plate;
s2, preparing a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the base material by using a laser cladding head and applying a coaxial powder feeding laser cladding and single-layer multi-channel lapping process, and milling the surface of a cladding layer of the high-entropy alloy coating by using a milling process (a mechanical milling process or a laser milling process), wherein the surface roughness value is controlled to be 3.2 mu m;
the high-entropy alloy coating is preferably composed of at least five elements of seven elements such as Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Ti and the like;
the processing parameters of the laser cladding head are that the luminous power is controlled to be 1200 w-1500 w, the diameter of a light spot is controlled to be 3 mm-5 mm, the powder feeding rate is controlled to be 8 g/min-15 g/min, the lap joint rate is not less than 35%, and t is controlled to be 0.5 mm-3 mm;
s3, arranging an electromagnet right above the base material; applying laser fixed-point irradiation to the high-entropy alloy coating by using the rectangular light spot laser head to generate a rectangular primary high-temperature molten pool right below the electromagnet;
s4, feeding ceramic particles into a primary high-temperature molten pool at a speed of 10-50 g/min through a flat powder feeding pipe, and meanwhile, introducing direct current to an electromagnet to enable the electromagnet to generate magnetism, wherein magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic effect of a permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the primary high-temperature molten pool and are kept for a set time until the primary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
the ceramic particles are preferably nano-or micro-sized Al2O3、TiC、WC、Si3N4Any one of (a);
the fixed-point irradiation time of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a The working power of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1000-1200 w;
it should be noted here that molecular migration is bound to occur when the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid in the primary high-temperature molten pool is subjected to the action of a magnetic field, and finally the phenomenon of "rolling up and down" is presented, so that good bedding is provided for the full mixing of the ceramic particles and the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid.
S5, arranging an ultrasonic generator right above the base material; starting the facula laser head for the second time, and generating a secondary high-temperature molten pool on the surface of the condensed primary high-temperature molten pool in a laser fixed-point irradiation mode; the secondary high-temperature molten pool is aligned with the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet;
the fixed-point irradiation time of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a The working power of the facula laser head is controlled to be 800-1000 w;
s6, electrifying the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet; the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator is propagated through an air path to disturb the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, the magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the secondary high-temperature molten pool and continue for a set time until the secondary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
wherein the current led towards the electromagnet is direct current, and the intensity of the generated directional magnetic field is controlled to be 0.5-10T;
the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator is transmitted through an air path to disturb the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and essentially, the disturbance of the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid is realized by utilizing mechanical energy; and the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet forms a magnetic field so as to realize the disturbance of the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid by utilizing magnetic energy.
It should be noted that when the high-entropy alloy coating melt in the secondary high-temperature molten bath is subjected to the magnetic field, the high-entropy alloy coating melt will also undergo molecular migration, and finally will appear as a "rolling up and down" phenomenon. Unlike the method of forming the magnetic field by applying the direct current in step S3, the "vertical rolling" phenomenon that the alternating current magnetic field exhibits is more drastic.
S7, starting the light spot laser head for the third time to preheat the surface of the condensed secondary high-temperature molten pool;
the fixed-point irradiation time of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a The working power of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 600-800 w;
and S8, starting the ultrasonic rolling head, and repeatedly rolling the preheating region formed in the step S7 to finally prepare the high-entropy alloy coating.
The ultrasonic rolling head is a cylinder with the width of 20mm and the diameter of 5mm, the working static pressure of an ultrasonic rolling cutter is controlled to be 300N-1500N, the ultrasonic frequency is controlled to be 20-40 kHZ, and the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 5-20 mu m.
By measuring the mechanical property of the coating, the average microhardness of the high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 0.5mm is 825.6HV, and the residual compressive stress is-265.8 MPa.
Example two
A preparation method of an anti-wear and anti-friction high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a base material (300 mm multiplied by 300mm, the thickness is not less than 5 mm) on the permanent magnetic plate;
s2, preparing a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the base material by using a laser cladding head and applying a coaxial powder feeding laser cladding and single-layer multi-channel lapping process, and milling the surface of a cladding layer of the high-entropy alloy coating by using a milling process (a mechanical milling process or a laser milling process), wherein the surface roughness value is controlled to be 3.2 mu m;
the high-entropy alloy coating is preferably composed of at least five elements of seven elements such as Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Ti and the like;
the processing parameters of the laser cladding head are that the luminous power is controlled to be 1200 w-1500 w, the diameter of a light spot is controlled to be 3 mm-5 mm, the powder feeding rate is controlled to be 8 g/min-15 g/min, the lap joint rate is not less than 35%, and t is controlled to be 0.5 mm-3 mm;
s3, arranging an electromagnet right above the base material; applying laser fixed-point irradiation to the high-entropy alloy coating by using the rectangular light spot laser head to generate a rectangular primary high-temperature molten pool right below the electromagnet;
s4, feeding ceramic particles into a primary high-temperature molten pool at a speed of 10-50 g/min through a flat powder feeding pipe, and meanwhile, introducing direct current to an electromagnet to enable the electromagnet to generate magnetism, wherein magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic effect of a permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the primary high-temperature molten pool and are kept for a set time until the primary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
the ceramic particles are preferably nano-or micro-sized Al2O3、TiC、WC、Si3N4Any one of (a);
the fixed-point irradiation time of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a The working power of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1000-1200 w;
it should be noted here that molecular migration is bound to occur when the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid in the primary high-temperature molten pool is subjected to the action of a magnetic field, and finally the phenomenon of up-and-down rolling is expressed, so that good bedding is fully mixed between the ceramic particles and the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid;
s5, arranging an ultrasonic generator right above the base material; starting the facula laser head for the second time, and generating a secondary high-temperature molten pool on the surface of the condensed primary high-temperature molten pool in a laser fixed-point irradiation mode; the secondary high-temperature molten pool is aligned with the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet;
the fixed-point irradiation time of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a The working power of the facula laser head is controlled to be 800-1000 w;
s6, electrifying the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet; the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator is propagated through an air path to disturb the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, the magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the secondary high-temperature molten pool and continue for a set time until the secondary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
wherein, the current led to the electromagnet is alternating current, and the generated directional magnetic field intensity is controlled to be 0.5-500 mT;
the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator is transmitted through an air path to disturb the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and essentially, the disturbance of the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid is realized by utilizing mechanical energy; and the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet forms a magnetic field so as to realize the disturbance of the high-entropy alloy coating molten liquid by utilizing magnetic energy.
It should be noted that when the high-entropy alloy coating melt in the secondary high-temperature molten bath is subjected to the magnetic field, the high-entropy alloy coating melt will also undergo molecular migration, and finally will appear as a "rolling up and down" phenomenon. Unlike the method of forming the magnetic field by applying the direct current in step S3, the "vertical rolling" phenomenon that the alternating current magnetic field exhibits is more drastic.
S7, starting the light spot laser head for the third time to preheat the surface of the condensed secondary high-temperature molten pool;
the fixed-point irradiation time of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not more than 50mm2(ii) a The working power of the rectangular light spot laser head is controlled to be 600-800 w;
and S8, starting the ultrasonic rolling head, and repeatedly rolling the preheating region formed in the step S7 to finally prepare the high-entropy alloy coating.
The ultrasonic rolling head is a cylinder with the width of 20mm and the diameter of 5mm, the working static pressure of an ultrasonic rolling cutter is controlled to be 300N-1500N, the ultrasonic frequency is controlled to be 20-40 kHZ, and the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 5-20 mu m.
By measuring the mechanical properties of the coating, the average microhardness of the high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 0.5mm is 829.1HV, and the residual compressive stress is-259.8 MPa.
Actual experiment observation and experiment result data show that the technical scheme disclosed by the invention at least achieves the following beneficial effects in actual application:
1) the surface of the high-entropy alloy coating can obtain certain roughness by laser milling, so that the heat absorption rate of the high-entropy alloy coating is increased, and the formation of a subsequent primary high-temperature molten pool and a subsequent secondary high-temperature molten pool is facilitated;
2) after ceramic particles are fed into the primary high-temperature molten pool, magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the electromagnet and the permanent magnetic plate cross the primary high-temperature molten pool, so that the downward driving force of the ceramic particles is effectively increased, and the distribution depth of the ceramic particles in the primary high-temperature molten pool is favorably enhanced;
3) after the primary high-temperature molten pool is condensed, heating treatment is carried out on the primary high-temperature molten pool again to generate a secondary high-temperature molten pool, magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the electromagnet and the permanent magnetic plate are used for traversing the primary high-temperature molten pool so as to further enhance the distribution depth of the ceramic particles in the primary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic generator is started to generate ultrasonic waves capable of disturbing the secondary high-temperature molten pool so as to greatly improve the distribution uniformity of the ceramic particles in the secondary high-temperature molten pool;
4) the surface roughness of the high-entropy alloy coating is effectively reduced, the residual compressive stress on the surface is reduced, the metallographic structure of the high-entropy alloy coating is greatly refined, and the high-entropy alloy coating is finally in a structure distribution form with hard outside and tough inside, so that the high-entropy alloy coating has excellent wear resistance and friction reduction performance, and is used as a good bedding for large-scale industrial application.
It should be noted that the penetration ratio of the primary high-temperature molten pool and the secondary high-temperature molten pool relative to the high-entropy alloy coating layer has a crucial influence on the wear-resistant and anti-friction performance of the finally prepared high-entropy alloy coating layer, and needs to be strictly controlled. From long-term experimental data: assuming that the thickness of the high-entropy alloy coating is t, the depth of the primary high-temperature molten pool is d1, and the depth of the secondary high-temperature molten pool is d2, d2 is more than d1 and more than t, and d2 is more than or equal to 1/3t and less than or equal to 1/2 t.
In addition, the invention also discloses a preparation device matched with the preparation method of the wear-resistant antifriction high-entropy alloy coating, which comprises a multifunctional clamping disc controlled by a robot and a multi-dimensional ultrasonic vibration substrate with an S pole (namely used as the ultrasonic generator), wherein the multifunctional clamping disc internally comprises a laser cladding head, a laser milling head, an N pole coil (used as the electromagnet) forming an alternating/direct current magnetic field, a rectangular light spot laser head, a flat powder feeding pipe and an ultrasonic rolling head; the laser cladding head, the laser milling head, the rectangular light spot laser head, the flat powder feeding pipe and the ultrasonic rolling head are all controlled by a computer; the included angle between the rectangular light spot laser head and the flat powder feeding pipe and the normal direction of the base material is adjustable within 20-60 degrees; the vertical distance between the rectangular light spot laser head and the tail end of the flat powder feeding pipe and the surface of the base material is 20-35 mm; the N-pole coil forming the alternating current/direct current magnetic field is connected with a computer through an alternating current/direct current power converter respectively; the S-pole multidimensional ultrasonic vibration substrate is connected with a computer through an AC/DC power converter, and the base material is placed on the S-pole multidimensional ultrasonic vibration substrate; the ultrasonic rolling head is embedded into an N-pole coil forming an alternating/direct current magnetic field, and a 5mm gap is reserved; the laser cladding head, the laser milling head, the rectangular facula laser head and the flat powder feeding pipe are respectively and uniformly distributed on two sides of the N pole coil forming the alternating/direct current magnetic field.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an anti-wear and anti-friction high-entropy alloy coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the base material on the permanent magnetic plate;
s2, preparing a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the base material by the aid of a laser cladding head, and milling the surface of a cladding layer of the high-entropy alloy coating by the aid of a milling process;
s3, arranging an electromagnet right above the base material; applying laser fixed-point irradiation to the high-entropy alloy coating by a facula laser head to generate a primary high-temperature molten pool right below the electromagnet;
s4, feeding ceramic particles into the primary high-temperature molten pool, and meanwhile, introducing direct current into the electromagnet to enable the electromagnet to generate magnetism, wherein magnetic induction lines generated by the synergistic action of the permanent magnetic plate and the electromagnet cross the primary high-temperature molten pool and are kept for a set time until the primary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
s5, arranging an ultrasonic generator right above the base material; starting the facula laser head for the second time, and generating a secondary high-temperature molten pool on the surface of the condensed primary high-temperature molten pool in a laser fixed-point irradiation mode; the secondary high-temperature molten pool is aligned with the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet at the same time;
s6, energizing the ultrasonic generator and the electromagnet, wherein the ultrasonic generated by the ultrasonic generator propagates through an air path to disturb the secondary high-temperature molten pool, and at the same time, the magnetic induction lines generated by the cooperation of the permanent magnet plate and the electromagnet cross the secondary high-temperature molten pool and are continued for a set time until the secondary high-temperature molten pool is completely condensed;
s7, starting the light spot laser head for the third time to preheat the surface of the secondary high-temperature molten pool after condensation;
s8, rolling the preheating area formed in the step S7 repeatedly.
2. The preparation method of the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the laser cladding head completes the preparation operation of the high-entropy alloy coating layer by using a coaxial powder feeding laser cladding and a single-layer multi-pass lapping process.
3. The preparation method of the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the surface roughness value of the high-entropy alloy coating layer after milling and leveling treatment is controlled to be 3.2-6.4 μm.
4. The preparation method of the wear-resistant and friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating according to claim 1, wherein the light spot laser head is a rectangular light spot laser head; fixed-point irradiation time of the light spot laser head is controlled to be 1-2 s, and the area of the generated rectangular light spot is not larger than 50mm2(ii) a In step S3, the working power of the laser head of the light spot is controlled to be 1000-1200 w; in step S5, the working power of the light spot laser head is controlled to be 800-1000 w; in step S7, the working power of the spot laser head is controlled to be 600-800 w.
5. The method for preparing the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the ceramic particles are fed into the primary high-temperature molten pool at a speed of 10-50 g/min through a powder feeding pipe.
6. The preparation method of the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, when direct current is applied to the electromagnet, the strength of the directional magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is controlled to be 0.5-10T; when AC current is introduced to the electromagnet, the generated directional magnetic field intensity is controlled at 0.5-500 mT.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, an ultrasonic rolling head is started to perform an ultrasonic rolling operation on the preheating region.
8. The preparation method of the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating layer according to claim 7, wherein in step S8, the ultrasonic rolling head is a cylinder with a width of 20mm and a diameter of 5mm, the working static pressure of an ultrasonic rolling tool is controlled to be 300N-1500N, the ultrasonic frequency is controlled to be 20-40 kHZ, and the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 5-20 μm.
9. A method for preparing an antiwear and antifriction high entropy alloy coating according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein assuming that the thickness of the high entropy alloy coating is t, the depth of the primary high temperature molten pool is d1, and the depth of the secondary high temperature molten pool is d2, then d2 < d1 < t, and 1/3t < d2 < 1/2 t.
10. The preparation method of the wear-resistant friction-reducing high-entropy alloy coating according to claim 9, wherein the high-entropy alloy coating is composed of at least five of seven elements such as Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ti, and the processing parameters are that laser power is controlled to be 1200 w-1500 w, spot diameter is controlled to be 3 mm-5 mm, powder feeding rate is controlled to be 8 g/min-15 g/min, lap joint rate is not less than 35%, and t is controlled to be 0.5 mm-3 mm.
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