CN109158598B - A kind of selective laser fusing forming device and method - Google Patents
A kind of selective laser fusing forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109158598B CN109158598B CN201811055405.XA CN201811055405A CN109158598B CN 109158598 B CN109158598 B CN 109158598B CN 201811055405 A CN201811055405 A CN 201811055405A CN 109158598 B CN109158598 B CN 109158598B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1053—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by induction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to increasing material manufacturing correlative technology fields, it discloses a kind of selective lasers to melt forming device and method, the former includes industrial personal computer, magnet exciting coil group, electronic pressure controller, adjustable resistor, single-chip microcontroller, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic vibration apparatus, which includes multiple magnet exciting coils；Multiple magnet exciting coils and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus using when the substrate surrounding of forming cavity is set；The magnet exciting coil connects the industrial personal computer and the adjustable resistor, which connects the magnet exciting coil and the adjustable resistor；The ultrasonic power connects the single-chip microcontroller and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus, which is also attached to the electronic pressure controller；The industrial personal computer is used to control angle and the opening and closing of the magnet exciting coil group according to different laser scanning phase angles to realize the zonal control in magnetic field；The single-chip microcontroller is used to control the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic vibration apparatus.The present invention realizes high performance selective laser fusing forming, improves tissue consistency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to increasing material manufacturing correlative technology fields, melt former more particularly, to a kind of selective laser
And method.
Background technique
In recent years, increases material manufacturing technology development is very fast, is widely used to the fields such as aerospace, biomedicine.
Wherein, fusing forming technique in selective laser can directly manufacture high performance metal zero from CAD model and metal powder/silk material
Part, workflow can be summarized as follows: go out the 3D model of part using three-dimensional picture software design on computers first, then
It is converted into stl file and carries out slicing treatment generation two-dimensional laser machining locus according to certain thickness, equipment adds according to generation
The metal powder that work track lays in advance/coaxially inputs.After the completion of scanning, substrate declines certain depth and this process of repetition is straight
It is completed to part, is layering and completes the preparation of entire metal parts.
Since selective laser fusing forming technique has the characteristics that hot spot is smaller, cooling velocity is high, the metal parts of forming
Fine microstructures, precision are high, functional, are particularly suitable for what the conventional machining techniques such as thin-walled, complicated inner cavity, inner flow passage were difficult to realize
The whole manufacture of complex precise component.But there are still following metallurgical imperfections during shaping: (1) in forming process
Temperature gradient is big, cooling velocity is fast, and the thermal stress of generation is excessive, and forming process is caused to be deformed or crackle；(2) it shaped
Hole is easy to produce in journey；(3) based on the temperature gradient along forming direction from bottom to top, microscopic structure is usually with the shape of column crystal
Formula growth, and texture is generated, leading to its performance, there are anisotropy.
Based on this, current researcher both domestic and external has carried out a series of research, as patent CN104195541A is disclosed
A kind of method and device of electricity-magnetic Composite Field collaboration laser melting coating, the control to molten bath flowing is realized by control Lorentz force
System reaches regulation solidified structure, optimization workpiece mechanical property, improves the purpose of cladding layer pattern, but when due to laser action
Between it is extremely short, microstructure homogenization and grain refining effect are unobvious.For another example patent CN106350817A discloses a kind of ultrasonic vibration
Ultrasonic vibration timeliness is introduced directly into molten bath microcell by the method and apparatus that auxiliary laser cladding prepares flawless cladding layer, with
Promote cladding layer stress field homogenization by means of the direct cavitation effect of ultrasonic wave, mechanical effect and fuel factor, refines grain structure, from
Inhibit the generation of crackle in root, but liquid state molten pool is very short there are the time in laser cladding process, ultrasound is to cladding layer
Effect is not highly significant.For another example it is auxiliary to disclose a kind of ultrasonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field by 105714284 A of patent CN
The method and apparatus for helping laser melting coating, the sphere of action that can effectively improve ultrasonic treatment are small unknown with electromagnetic agitation thinning effect
Aobvious deficiency, but laser melting coating is a thin layer of cladding layer, and two-dimensional shapes are simple, scanning mode is single, and laser
Selective melting forming is a successively cumulative process, and each layer of two-dimensional shapes are different, and scanning mode is complicated, cannot will be applied
It is transplanted in the fusing forming of selective laser in the method and apparatus of laser melting coating, needs to melt the characteristics of shaping according to selective laser
It is redesigned.
For another example document [Fine-structured aluminium products with controllable texture
By selective laser melting of pre-alloyed AlSi10Mg powder] researcher in selective laser
During fusing forming AlSi10Mg,<100>direction is weakened by using the method at 90 ° of phase angles and subarea-scanning
Texture, this method are smaller to the performance effect of drip molding.For another example document [Effect of Zirconium addition on
crack,microstructure and mechanical behavior of selective laser melted Al-Cu-
Mg alloy] in, researcher inhibits crackle by addition element Zr when forming Al-Cu-Mg alloy is melted in selective laser
It generates, and makes the crystal grain refinement of drip molding, so that static mechanical property is improved, but this method is improving drip molding performance
While change material composition, influence will also result on other dynamic mechanicals of material, and be directed to different types of powder
There is no universalities at end, not can be used directly in engineer application.
For another example document [Residual Stress, Defects and Grain Morphology of Ti-6Al-4V
Alloy Produced by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment Assisted Selective Laser
Melting] in, researcher selective laser melt shape during, using it is every forming two layers after apply ultrasonic vibration method,
Make the reduction of drip molding residual stress, defect is reduced, and achieves tiny equiaxed grain structure, but this method is simultaneously because every two
Apply a ultrasonic vibration after layer forming, portion of residual stress can be eliminated and obtain recrystallization process, to reduce remnants
Stress and refinement crystal grain, so significantly reduce forming efficiency, the solidification and crystallization process in molten bath can not be even more influenced, to solidification
The elimination of metallurgical imperfection in the process is helpless.
A kind of dress of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser selective melting forming has been invented by Inst. of Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics
It sets and its implementation (CN106363173A), proposed adoption ultrasonic vibration system melts forming process to eliminate selective laser
In metallurgical imperfection, but the ultrasonic vibration system is located at immediately below matrix, with the increase of formation of parts height, with ultrasound
The distance of wave producer is more and more remoter, and effect gradually weakens, and it is equivalent during entire part forming to cannot achieve ultrasound
Effect, so that the tissue, performance in short transverse have differences, and due to the barrier action of substrate, ultrasonic vibration effect is not shown
It writes.For another example a kind of device (CN105522153A) of electromagnetic field auxiliary laser increasing material manufacturing has been invented by Southeast China University, in molten bath
Portion forms alternating magnetic field, generates the effect of electromagnetic oscillation stirring, so that crystal grain is refined, but this method can not be according to material and work
Skill needs to change magnetic field strength and direction, to be unable to satisfy the needs of complicated shape and more material formings, and in fast melting
In the process, single function composite by electromagnetic stirring is limited.On the basis of studying in front, Dalian University of Technology proposes a kind of ultrasonic electric
Magnetic Composite Field auxiliary laser near-net-shape Al2O3The method (CN106187119A) of base eutectic ceramic cutter, solves with drip molding
The problem of height increases, and ultrasonic vibration weakens, and the effect of molten bath internal vibration stirring can be enhanced with Electromagnetic heating for ultrasound, still
This method cannot be adjusted correspondingly magnetic direction and size for the variation at phase angle and height in forming process, it is difficult to
Guarantee the consistency of tissue.Correspondingly, there is develop a kind of selective laser fusing that can be improved tissue consistency for this field
The technical need of former and method.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of selective lasers to melt former
And method, the characteristics of forming based on the fusing of existing selective laser, studies and devise and is a kind of for eliminating selective laser fusing
Shape the selective laser fusing forming device and method of metallurgical imperfection.In the case that the equipment is intended to not change material composition, lead to
Crossing influences solidification and crystallization process to achieve the purpose that refine crystal grain, reduce thermal stress, elimination hot tearing, stomata and column crystal, solves
The metallurgical imperfections such as the hole of formation of parts and crackle and column crystal bring are respectively to different in selective laser fusing forming technique
The problems such as property.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of selective laser fusing former, institute are provided
Stating former includes industrial personal computer, magnet exciting coil group, electronic pressure controller, adjustable resistor, single-chip microcontroller, ultrasonic power and ultrasound
Wave vibration device, the magnet exciting coil group include multiple magnet exciting coils；When the former works, multiple magnet exciting coils and institute
State the surrounding that substrate in forming cavity is arranged in ultrasonic vibration apparatus；The magnet exciting coil connects the industrial personal computer and described adjustable
Resistor, the electronic pressure controller connect the magnet exciting coil and the adjustable resistor；Described in the ultrasonic power connection
Single-chip microcontroller and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus, the single-chip microcontroller are also attached to the electronic pressure controller；
The industrial personal computer is used to control the angle of the magnet exciting coil group according to different laser scanning phase angles and opens
Close the zonal control to realize magnetic field；The single-chip microcontroller is filled by controlling the ultrasonic power to control the ultrasonic activation
Set the amplitude and frequency of middle oscillator.
Further, the electronic pressure controller, the magnet exciting coil group and the adjustable resistor form closed circuit, with
The adjusting of magnetic field strength is realized and to electronic pressure controller.
Further, the former further includes linear hall sensor, the linear hall sensor and the work
Control machine is connected, and is used for real-time measurement magnetic field strength and the magnetic field strength measured is fed back to the industrial personal computer.
Further, magnetic field strength is 0.2T~1T.
Further, the amplitude of the oscillator is 0.1 μm~100 μm；Vibration frequency is 20kHz~80kHz.
Further, the quantity of the magnet exciting coil is four, and four magnet exciting coils are connected to the industry control
Machine, and be evenly spaced in around the substrate.
Other side according to the invention provides a kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process, and this method includes following
Step:
(1) it provides selective laser as described above and melts former, adjust substrate in the forming cavity, the excitation
Height and relative position between coil group and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus, so that substrate in the forming cavity, described encouraging
Magnetic coil group and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus are arranged along same level；
(2) it is filled with argon gas in Xiang Suoshu former, and controls the opening and closing of the magnet exciting coil by the industrial personal computer,
So that the magnetic field that the magnet exciting coil generates is always perpendicular to the direction of laser scanning；
(3) frequency and power for adjusting the ultrasonic power by the single-chip microcontroller are so that the forming cavity substrate shakes
It is dynamic, while pressure regulation is carried out by the electronic pressure controller, alternating magnetic field is thus generated in formation zone；
(4) laser is opened, selective laser fusing forming is successively completed by the control of the industrial personal computer, and according to each
Opening and closing and relative position of the laser scanning direction of layer by magnet exciting coil described in the industrial personal computer real-time control, are thus completed into
Shape.
Further, forming cavity substrate amplitude in the horizontal direction is 0.1 μm~100 μm, vibration frequency 20kHz
~80kHz.
Further, the magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field is 0.2T~1T.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, it is provided by the invention swash
Light selective melting former and method mainly have the advantages that
1. the manufacturing process combines electromagnetic field and ultrasonic vibration field to complete selective laser fusing forming, can effectively press down
Solidification cracking and stomata and column crystal in metal laser selective melting forming processed, it is ensured that the forming of flawless pore-free, and beat
Disconnected column crystal realizes high performance metal laser selective melting forming, improves the tissue consistency of drip molding.
2. the magnet exciting coil group includes multiple magnet exciting coils；When the former works, multiple magnet exciting coils and institute
The substrate surrounding that ultrasonic vibration apparatus is arranged in forming cavity is stated, the industrial personal computer is used for according to different laser scanning phases
Angle come the angle for controlling the magnet exciting coil group and opening and closing to realize the zonal control in magnetic field, flexible modulation magnetic according to the actual situation
Intensity, direction and the period of change of field and ultrasonic vibration, and then guarantee to be suitable for different materials, different sizes, different structure
Selective laser fusing forming need.
3. successively completing selective laser fusing forming by the control of the industrial personal computer, and according to each layer of laser scanning
Opening and closing and relative position of the direction by magnet exciting coil described in the industrial personal computer real-time control are made with obtaining maximum electromagnetic agitation
With.
4. the former is environmentally protective, structure is simple, and magnetic field and ultrasonic vibration field are compound uniform and stable always, improves
The quality of drip molding.
5. controlling the opening and closing of the magnet exciting coil by the industrial personal computer, the magnetic field for generating it is always perpendicular to laser
The direction of scanning is to obtain maximum electromagnetic agitation effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the selective laser fusing former that first embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram for the selective laser fusing former that second embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram for the selective laser fusing former that third embodiment of the invention provides.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is used to denote the same element or structure, in which: 1- industrial personal computer, 2-
Magnet exciting coil group, 3- linear hall sensor, 4- ultrasonic vibration apparatus, 5- substrate, 6- single-chip microcontroller, 7- adjustable resistor, 8-
Ultrasonic power, 9- electronic pressure controller.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Referring to Fig. 1, former is melted in the selective laser that first embodiment of the invention provides, the former is logical
It crosses and arranges plurality of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic wave around the substrate in forming cavity, and real-time control magnetic field and ultrasonic wave as needed
Intensity, direction and frequency, to accelerate bath to flow using ultrasonic cavitation and electromagnetic interference effect, promote forming core and
Refine crystal grain；Meanwhile change grain shape and reduce stress, thus eliminate selective laser fusing forming during fire check,
The metallurgical imperfections such as stomata, interrupt column crystal, promote the formation of equiax crystal, to eliminate anisotropy.
The former include field generator for magnetic, industrial personal computer 1, linear hall sensor 3, ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4,
Single-chip microcontroller 6, adjustable resistor 7 and ultrasonic power 8, the field generator for magnetic be connected to the adjustable resistor 7 and
The industrial personal computer 1.The ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4 is connected to the ultrasonic power 8, and the ultrasonic power 8 is connected to institute
Single-chip microcontroller 6 is stated, the single-chip microcontroller 6 is connected to the industrial personal computer 1.The setting of linear hall sensor 3 occurs in the magnetic field
In the magnetic field that device generates, it is used for real-time measurement magnetic field strength and the magnetic field strength measured is fed back into the industrial personal computer 1.
The field generator for magnetic includes magnet exciting coil group 2 and electronic pressure controller 9, and the magnet exciting coil group 2 is connected to institute
State electronic pressure controller 9.The magnet exciting coil group 2, the linear hall sensor 3 and the single-chip microcontroller 6 respectively with the industry control
Machine 1 is connected.The single-chip microcontroller 6 is connected to the electronic pressure controller 9.The ultrasonic power 8 is connected to the single-chip microcontroller 6,
The ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4 is connected to the ultrasonic power 8.
The industrial personal computer 1 be used for controlled according to different laser scanning phase angles the magnet exciting coil group 2 angle and
It is opened and closed the zonal control to realize magnetic field, is preferably acted on using the melting bath stirring in magnetic field.The electronic pressure controller 9 described is encouraged
Magnetic coil group 2 and the adjustable resistor 7 form closed circuit, to realize a wide range of adjusting to voltage, to realize magnetic field
The control of intensity, magnetic field strength 0.2T~1T is adjustable.The ultrasonic power 8 is connected with the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4, described
Single-chip microcontroller 6 controls the amplitude and frequency of oscillator in the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4, vibration by controlling the ultrasonic power 8
Width is adjustable at 0.1 μm~100 μm, and vibration frequency is 20kHz~80kHz.In present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4
And the magnet exciting coil group 2 is arranged in around the substrate 5 in forming cavity so that selective laser fusing forming plane and magnetic field and
Ultrasonic vibration field is in the same plane, to guarantee drip molding tissue consistency in the height direction and uniformity.
In present embodiment, the magnet exciting coil group 2 includes four magnet exciting coils, and four magnet exciting coils are separately connected
In industrial personal computer 1, and it is evenly spaced in around the substrate 5；It is appreciated that in other embodiments, the magnet exciting coil
Quantity can increase or reduce according to actual needs.
First embodiment of the invention additionally provides a kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process, which includes following
Step:
S1 provides selective laser as described above fusing former, adjusts the substrate 5 in the forming cavity, described encourages
Height and relative position between magnetic coil group and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4, the magnet exciting coil group and the ultrasonic wave
Substrate 5 of the vibration device 4 in the forming cavity is arranged.
Powder is placed on after being dried in vacuum oven and is put into powder hopper by S2, and sets one layer on forming plane upper berth
Powder.
It is filled with argon gas in S3, Xiang Suoshu former, to reduce the water oxygen content in the former.
S4 plans scanning strategy and path, and the opening and closing of the magnet exciting coil is controlled by the industrial personal computer 1, makes it
The magnetic field of generation is always perpendicular to the direction of laser scanning to obtain maximum electromagnetic agitation effect.
S5, adjust the ultrasonic power 8 frequency and power so that the substrate 5 in the forming cavity in the horizontal direction
0.1 μm~100 μm of amplitude is generated, vibration frequency is 20kHz~80kHz；The electronic pressure controller 9 carries out pressure regulation simultaneously, and
Magnetic field strength is monitored using the linear hall sensor 3, so that generating the alternating magnetic field of 0.2T~1T in formation zone.
S6 opens laser, successively completes selective laser fusing forming by the control of the industrial personal computer 1, and according to every
Opening and closing and relative position of one layer of the laser scanning direction by magnet exciting coil described in 1 real-time control of industrial personal computer, to obtain
Maximum function composite by electromagnetic stirring.
Referring to Fig. 2, the selective laser fusing former and the present invention first that second embodiment of the invention provides are real
The selective laser fusing former that the mode of applying provides is essentially identical, and difference is the quantity of the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4
It is two, the quantity of the magnet exciting coil is eight, and two ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4 and eight magnet exciting coils are around institute
The substrate 5 stated in forming cavity is uniformly arranged.
Second embodiment of the invention additionally provides a kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process, which includes following
Step:
1. providing selective laser as described above melts former, by the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4 and the excitation
Coil is separately positioned on the side of the substrate 5, and the two is made to be located at the same horizontal plane with forming plane.
2. the stl file of part to be formed is imported laser to choose in fusing forming control software.
3. opening supersonic generator, and the unlatching of the magnet exciting coil is controlled using the industrial personal computer 1.
4. being put into powder hopper after metal powder is dried in vacuum oven.
5. opening laser, laser power 200W.
6. setting a layer thickness on forming plane upper berth as the powder of 0.04mm.
7. setting scanning speed is 1000mm/s, scanning strategy is linear grating scanning, and phase angle is 90 °, according to each
The angle of layer scan line, the opening and closing and size of current of the corresponding magnet exciting coil of control, the magnetic field strength 0.2T for generating it,
Magnetic direction is perpendicular to scan line.
8. being melted according to the selective laser that preset program completes one layer of powder.
9. formation cylinder is declined 0.04mm.
10. repeating step 6-8 until part completes the process.
Referring to Fig. 3, the selective laser fusing former and the present invention first that third embodiment of the invention provides are real
The selective laser fusing former that the mode of applying provides is essentially identical, the difference lies in that the quantity of the magnet exciting coil is two.
Third embodiment of the invention additionally provides a kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process, which includes following
Step:
(1) it provides selective laser as described above and melts former, by the ultrasonic vibration apparatus 4 and the excitation
Coil is separately positioned on the side of the forming cavity substrate 5, and the two is made to be located at the same horizontal plane with forming plane.
(2) stl file of part to be formed laser is imported to choose in fusing forming control software.
(3) supersonic generator is opened, amplitude is 50 μm, frequency 50Hz.
(4) it is put into powder hopper after drying metal powder in vacuum oven.
(5) laser, laser power 200W are opened.
(6) a layer thickness is set as the powder of 0.04mm on forming plane upper berth.
(7) setting scanning speed is 1000mm/s, and scanning strategy is linear grating scanning, and phase angle is 45 °, according to each
The angle of layer scan line controls the opening and closing and size of current of corresponding magnet exciting coil, the magnetic field strength for generating it using industrial personal computer
For 0.5T, magnetic direction is perpendicular to scan line.
(8) it is melted according to the selective laser that setting program completes one layer of powder.
(9) formation cylinder is declined into 0.04mm.
(10) step (6)-(8) are repeated until part completes the process.
Fusing forming device and method in selective laser provided by the invention, the equipment are compound using high-frequency vibration field and magnetic field
Mode shapes metallurgical imperfection to eliminate selective laser fusing, can effectively inhibit the solidification cracking in the forming of metal laser selective melting
With stomata and column crystal, it is ensured that the forming of flawless pore-free, and column crystal is interrupted, realize that high performance metal laser constituency is molten
It is melted into shape, improves tissue consistency.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. former is melted in a kind of selective laser, it is characterised in that:
The former includes industrial personal computer, magnet exciting coil group, electronic pressure controller, adjustable resistor, single-chip microcontroller, ultrasonic power
And ultrasonic vibration apparatus, the magnet exciting coil group include multiple magnet exciting coils；When the former works, multiple excitation wires
The substrate surrounding in forming cavity is arranged in circle and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus；The magnet exciting coil connects the industrial personal computer and institute
Adjustable resistor is stated, the electronic pressure controller connects the magnet exciting coil and the adjustable resistor；The ultrasonic power connects
The single-chip microcontroller and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus are connect, the single-chip microcontroller is also attached to the electronic pressure controller；
The industrial personal computer be used for controlled according to different laser scanning phase angles the magnet exciting coil group angle and opening and closing with
Realize the zonal control in magnetic field；The single-chip microcontroller is controlled in the ultrasonic vibration apparatus by controlling the ultrasonic power
The amplitude and frequency of oscillator；The electronic pressure controller, the magnet exciting coil group and the adjustable resistor form closed circuit, with
The adjusting that magnetic field strength is realized in pressure regulation is carried out by the electronic pressure controller.
2. former is melted in selective laser as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the former further includes linear
Hall sensor, the linear hall sensor are connected with the industrial personal computer, are used for real-time measurement magnetic field strength and will survey
The magnetic field strength measured feeds back to the industrial personal computer.
3. former is melted in selective laser as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: magnetic field strength is 0.2T~1T.
4. former is melted in selective laser as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the amplitude of the oscillator is 0.1 μm
~100 μm；Vibration frequency is 20kHz~80kHz.
5. former is melted in selective laser as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the quantity of the magnet exciting coil is four
A, four magnet exciting coils are connected to the industrial personal computer, and are evenly spaced in around the substrate in forming cavity.
6. manufacturing process is melted in a kind of selective laser, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
(1) offer fusing former in selective laser as described in any one in claim 1-5, the adjustment forming cavity substrate,
Height and relative position between the magnet exciting coil group and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus, so that the forming cavity substrate, institute
Magnet exciting coil group and the ultrasonic vibration apparatus is stated to be arranged along same level；
(2) it is filled with argon gas in Xiang Suoshu former, and controls the opening and closing of the magnet exciting coil by the industrial personal computer, so that
The magnetic field of the magnet exciting coil generation is obtained always perpendicular to the direction of laser scanning；
(3) by the single-chip microcontroller adjust the ultrasonic power frequency and power so that the forming cavity substrate vibrate,
Pressure regulation is carried out by the electronic pressure controller simultaneously, alternating magnetic field is thus generated in formation zone；
(4) laser is opened, selective laser fusing forming is successively completed by the control of the industrial personal computer, and according to each layer
Thus forming is completed in opening and closing and relative position of the laser scanning direction by magnet exciting coil described in the industrial personal computer real-time control.
7. manufacturing process is melted in selective laser as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the forming cavity substrate is in level side
To amplitude be 0.1 μm~100 μm, vibration frequency be 20kHz~80kHz.
8. manufacturing process is melted in selective laser as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field
For 0.2T~1T.
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| CN109848422A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-07 | 南昌航空大学 | The heat treatment method of precinct laser fusion forming GH4169 alloy |
| CN110142407B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-10-01 | 南方科技大学 | Additive manufacturing control method, device and system and storage medium |
| CN112974803B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-08-23 | 上海交通大学 | Method for reducing porosity of laser selective melting forming component |
| CN111272872B (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2022-11-11 | 南方科技大学 | Crack detection method and device and additive manufacturing system |
| CN111501039B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-04-22 | 湘潭大学 | Multi-physical-field auxiliary laser cladding device |
| CN111644741B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-03-18 | 天津工业大学 | Laser angle hole machining device based on magnetic field and ultrasonic vibration assistance |
| CN112894077B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-03-29 | 广东艾迪特智能科技有限公司 | Arc additive manufacturing device and method for controlling stress deformation by using vibration aging |
| CN113600833B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-10-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Grain refinement method for Al-Cu alloy modified by nano particles based on ultrasonic treatment assisted laser 3D printing |
| CN114570942A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-03 | 杭州喜马拉雅信息科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing and forming method and device |
| CN115821027A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-03-21 | 北京翔博科技股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for eliminating residual stress based on laser ultrasound |
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