CN109226720A - A kind of the semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method and device compound based on laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents
A kind of the semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method and device compound based on laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN109226720A CN109226720A CN201810947802.1A CN201810947802A CN109226720A CN 109226720 A CN109226720 A CN 109226720A CN 201810947802 A CN201810947802 A CN 201810947802A CN 109226720 A CN109226720 A CN 109226720A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing methods and device, are related to ultrasonic vibration and laser field, and described device includes laser module, ultrasonic vibration component, die assembly and heating component.Laser-impact is carried out to the metal material in semisolid, ultrasonic vibration is applied to semi-solid-state metal simultaneously, it not only improves the gas in removal material and reduces oxide and be mingled with, also make crystal grain refinement, dense structure generates micro-structure, and changes the residual stress distribution of material internal, the defect of traditional handicraft is overcome, material property is improved.Applying ultrasonic vibration keeps laser-impact depth of interaction deeper, and function and effect become apparent from.The method extends to many fields of material processing, such as welding, surface cladding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the semisolid Technology of Plastic Processing fields of metal, are a kind of multiple based on laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration
The semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method and device of conjunction.
Background technique
Semisolid is a kind of state between liquid and solid-state, has both contained liquid or has contained solid-state, in liquid-solid phase line
Between temperature, keep thick.Metal semi-solid plastic processing one, which refers to, has good stream using the metal of semi solid zone
The Metal Forming for becoming characteristic and carrying out.Semi-solid-state metal, which can use, obtains Optimality in different plastic processing methods
The plastic processing part of energy.
The semisolid plastic working technique of metal parts is external since being nineteen nineties to be developed rapidly
Processing technology, it is new process made of the advanced technologies such as casting and forging and stamping merge, and is considered as century most development prospect
One of near net Technology of Plastic Processing.
Ultrasonic vibration method is one of the important method that semisolid plastic processing is.Ultrasonic vibration disturbs metal solidification process,
Metal grain is refined, the metal paste of ring initial crystal is obtained.By the mode of action, there are two main classes for ultrasonic semisolid plastic processing:
The problem of one kind is by acting on canister bottom or side come indirectly-acting in semi-solid-state metal, being primarily present is ultrasound
Wave is decayed severe in the material, and attainable depth and range are limited, and remoter from vibration source, ultrasonic treatment thinning effect is got over
Weak, even there is dendrite in place farther out；Another kind of is to directly act on semi-solid-state metal, this method sound can it is high-efficient, to load
Situation require it is low and easily controllable, but the disadvantage is that ultrasound transmitting in the melt is related with viscosity, as solid rate increases, viscosity
Increase so that the decaying of ultrasonic transmission becomes serious.
Patent CN101181736A describes the semi-solid rheological plastic processing method and its device of a kind of metal parts.It will
Molten metal imports in slurry filling container, then falls ultrasonic radiation head, starts ultrasonic radiation at a certain distance from away from liquid level.Stop spoke
After penetrating, it is part that slurry, which pours into plastic processing in plastic processing equipment,.Make part dense structure, crystal grain is tiny and is uniformly distributed.
Only by radiation ultrasonic wave, do not contacted directly with material, ultrasonic wave depth of interaction is shallow, and grain refining effect is unobvious, low efficiency
Under.
Patent CN103909267A describes a kind of semi-solid-state metal powder forming device and method based on ultrasonic vibration.
Ultrasonic amplitude transformer one end and crucible upper surface are in close contact, and semi-solid-state metal powder is put into crucible, electromagnetic induction coil is used
Crucible is heated, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to crucible during induction heating.When semi-solid-state metal powder reaches solid-liquid
Process its Plastic Forming when coexisting state.Inhibit crystal grain to grow up, improves blank microhomogeneity and compactness.But the party
Method acts on canister bottom by ultrasonic wave come indirectly-acting in semi-solid-state metal, and ultrasonic wave is decayed severity in the material
, remoter from vibration source, ultrasonic treatment thinning effect is weaker.
Patent CN101708543A describes a kind of method and device of preparing semisolid metal slurry by mixing vibration.Pass through
Over-heat metal liquid is poured into the slurry filling container being anchored on mechanical vibration generator system, make ultrasonic vibration head be down to metal bath surface with
Under, start low-frequency mechanical vibrations and ultrasonic vibration, obtains semi-solid metal slurry.This method can be used for aluminium, magnesium, tin, copper, zinc etc.
The semi solid slurry of various alloy parts prepares and part Plastic Forming processing.But the disadvantage is that ultrasound is in semi-solid-state metal
Transmitting is related with viscosity, and as solid rate increases, viscosity increases so that the decaying of ultrasonic transmission becomes serious.
The method and apparatus that patent CN1931467A describes a kind of sheet material forming.This method is material with carbon dioxide laser
Material preheating, carries out impact forging to metal material with laser-impact device.But when being preheated, temperature range is difficult to control
System, the excessively high destructible energy-absorbing layer of temperature damage material, and cannot be evenly heated to material, stress distribution
It is difficult to control, there are residual tensions, not can be implemented simultaneously the Plastic Forming processing of plate and strengthen.In addition, its production process
Also it is difficult to control.
Patent CN103834769A describes the laser shock peening method and thermostat under a kind of heating condition, pass through by
Metal works are placed on thermostat and are heated, and carry out laser impact intensified processing using the tangent overlapping mode of hot spot.
But the residual stress layer depth of interaction that this method is formed is shallower, in addition, this method carries out laser-impact modeling to plate in air
Property forming, easily cause the rupture and corrugation of plate.
Patent CN1928127A describes a kind of method and device using laser continuous collision reinforcement, will constraint medium and
Coating is combined together, make it is laser impact intensified can be carried out continuously, the invention provide it is a kind of using high energy laser beam generate
Plasma explosion wave continuous reinforcement plane or be similar to plane metal material or part method, but this method generate
Residual compressive stress is unstable, and the raising of material fatigue life is very limited after processing.
Patent CN107322159A discloses a kind of impact of metal dual-laser beam and forges low stress welder and method, swashs
Flush weld welding system is welded by high energy laser beam using fuel factor radiant heating surface of workpiece, at the same time the second beam
Short-pulse laser carries out impact to the welding section in forging range using knock wave mechanics effect and forges, but this kind of side
Method is only capable of eliminating material internal residual stress, cannot improve material property by the internal organizational structure of improvement semi-solid-state metal；
And it is confined to the optimum temperature that laser-impact forges, it is not related to semi-solid-state metal plastic processing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is defect present in view of the above technology, proposes a kind of laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration is multiple
The semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method and device of conjunction.The defect for overcoming traditional handicraft solves single ultrasonication lower half
Solid metallic plastic processing and laser impact intensified and forming deficiency, are processed by laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration compound plastic
Technique can improve the internal organizational structure of semi-solid-state metal, improve material property.Solves semi-solid-state metal plastic processing
Ultrasonic wave is decayed severe problem in the material in journey, and residual compressive stress is unstable when solving laser impact intensified and plastic processing
Fixed and limited depth disadvantage, solves the problems, such as that the big material reinforcement effect of laser impact intensified thickness is unconspicuous.And the party
Method can reduce the interior friction of material, improve the plastic processing efficiency of material.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of laser-impact and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, including laser module, ultrasound
Vibration component, die assembly and heating component；The laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration act on workpiece to be processed simultaneously；It is described to
Workpieces processing is placed in die assembly；Ultrasonic vibration component is provided with below workpiece to be processed；Top is provided with laser module；Institute
The heating rod stated in heating component is arranged in die assembly.
Further, the laser module includes restraint layer, laser beam and laser；The constraint is placed on work to be processed
The top of part；The laser beam that laser is launched irradiates on restraint layer；The restraint layer includes pyroceram and is placed in height
Temperature resistant transparent liquid between warm glass and workpiece to be processed.
Further, the ultrasonic vibration component includes ultrasonic amplitude transformer, energy converter and supersonic generator；The ultrasound
Wave producer is connect with energy converter, and ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected above energy converter, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer acts on workpiece to be processed.
Further, the die assembly includes upper die and lower die, guide post, guide sleeve, bottom plate, cushion block, energy converter sleeve and end
Lid；The cushion block and energy converter sleeve are mounted on external numerical control table, NC table, the ring flange at ultrasonic amplitude transformer node location with
Energy converter sleeve connection；Bottom plate is connected through a screw thread with cushion block, lower die is installed above bottom plate, and lower die is mounted on bottom by screw
On plate, there is insulating layer of asbestos between lower die and bottom plate；The top of lower die is upper mold, passes through guide pillars and bushes between upper die and lower die
Connection；The end cap is placed in the top of upper mold, is connect by screw thread with upper mold, end cap uses sealing ring close with upper mold contact portion
Envelope.
Further, the heating component includes heating rod and temperature controller, is symmetrically opened up in the axial direction on mold
There is hole, heating rod is mounted in hole, and heating rod is connect with temperature controller.
Further, the heating rod is refractory ceramics heating rod.
Further, workpiece to be processed is carried out being heated to semisolid shape, the workpiece to be processed after heating is applied simultaneously
Ultrasonic vibration and progress laser-impact；When carrying out laser-impact, certain frequency, amplitude and mode are applied to ultrasonic amplitude transformer
Power ultrasonic vibration, specifically includes the following steps:
S1. the metal for being in semisolid is imported in the device of preheating or the metal of preheating is imported into die assembly
In, semisolid is heated to by heating component；
S2., laser-impact restraint layer is set；
S3. the parameters such as wavelength, pulse width, spot diameter and the laser energy of laser are adjusted as desired；
S4., mode of oscillation and the parameter etc. of Vltrasonic device are set；
S5. supersonic generator is opened, ultrasonic amplitude transformer is made to generate the ultrasonic vibration of certain mode.Laser is opened simultaneously
Device carries out laser-impact plastic processing to material, while carrying out applying ultrasound；
S6. after completing laser-impact, supersonic generator is closed, cooling water is passed through into mold, keeps semi-solid-state metal fast
Quickly cooling is but；
S7. cool down after separate upper die and lower die, metal material is taken out, complete semi-solid-state metal laser-impact and
The processing of ultrasonic vibration compound plastic.
Further, the laser-impact in the step S3, laser pulse width 10ns~50ns, laser energy 2J~
100J。
Further, ultrasonic vibrational mode is that extensional vibration or longitrorse vibrate in the step S4；Ultrasonic vibration frequency is
15~200kHz, amplitude are 5~100 μm；Ultrasonic vibration power is 200-5000W.
Laser module main function of the present invention is to carry out laser-impact, and the main function of the ultrasonic vibration component is
Apply ultrasonic vibration inside semi-solid metal, the main function of the connection component is connection and fixes whole device simultaneously
Semi-solid metal is held, the main function of the heating component is heating device and control temperature.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously to semi-solid metal and carries out laser-impact, makes crystal grain refinement, go
Except the gas in material is mingled with oxide is reduced, improves material inside organization structure, improve material property.
2. improving ultrasonic wave in material the present invention overcomes the defect of semi-solid-state metal plastic processing under single ultrasonication
Decay severe problem in material, and attainable depth is deeper, solves remoter from vibration source, and ultrasonic treatment thinning effect is weaker,
Even there is the problem of dendrite in place farther out.
3. the present invention solves in conventional laser impact technology, the residual compressive stress of generation is unstable, passes through laser-impact
Intensive treatment improves the fatigue life very limited problem of material, increases the depth and refinement crystal grain group of residual compressive stress layer
It knits.
4. the present invention applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously to semi-solid metal and carries out laser-impact, the interior of material can be reduced
Friction improves material inside organization structure, improves the plastic processing efficiency of material.
The features such as 5. present invention has technical process simple, structure is simple, easy to operate.
6. upper mold transfers heat to metal material and compound constant by upper mold for good heating conduction, heating rod
Fluent material in layer, so that metal material keeps the fluent material in semisolid and compound constant layer to keep liquid.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the laser-impact and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device knot of ultrasonic vibration of an embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the laser-impact hot spot distribution schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3-1 is the end cover back side structural schematic diagram being related in Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3-2 is the end cap positive structure schematic being related in Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy specimen of an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the crystal grain diameter comparison diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1. lasers, 2. laser beams, 3. pyrocerams, 4. temperature resistant transparent liquid, 5. high temperature resistant oil pipes, 6. to
Workpieces processing, 7. upper molds, 8. guide sleeves, 9 guide posts, 10. lower dies, 11. insulating layer of asbestos, 12. cooling water holes, 13. screws, 14. bottoms
Plate, 15. temperature controllers, 16. heating rods, 17. energy converter sleeves, 18. ultrasonic amplitude transformers, 19. energy converters, 20. bottom plate screws,
21. cushion block, 22. supersonic generators, 23. end caps；
Curve 501 is the crystal grain diameter of single ultrasonic treatment；Curve 502 is that laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration compound plastic add
Crystallite dimension after work.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited to this.
Laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration are applied to semi-solid metal simultaneously by the present invention, in laser-impact work to be processed
When part 6 is semi-solid metal upper surface, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 being inserted into inside semi-solid-state metal generates ultrasonic vibration, utilizes
The power ultrasound and laser blast wave of certain frequency, amplitude and mode generate interaction, form the compression point of certain depth
Cloth, and crystal grain is refined, improve material inside organization structure, improves material property.
Fig. 1 show the one of laser-impact of the present invention and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration
Kind of embodiment, the laser-impact and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration include laser module, super
Acoustic vibration component, die assembly and heating component.
The compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method of laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration of the invention, even if ultrasonic amplitude transformer
18 immerse 1-2mm from the bottom of semi-solid-state metal, and ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 generates the ultrasonic vibration of certain mode, while being rushed with laser
Semi-solid metal upper surface is hit, ultrasound generates interaction with laser blast wave, makes semi-solid-state metal cooling simultaneously after the completion
It takes out.Wherein the ultrasonic vibration frequency preferred value of ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is 15~70kHz, and amplitude preferred value is 10~50 μm, is surpassed
Acoustic vibration power is 200-2000W, and the distance that ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 immerses inside semi-solid-state metal is 1-2mm, can be according to engineering
Suitable parameters are chosen in actual demand.The distribution of laser-impact facula position around the center of metal material as shown in Fig. 2, carry out, week
50% is all larger than to hot spot overlapping rate and radial hot spot overlapping rate.
After above-mentioned processing, on the one hand, under the action of with certain mode ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18, the crystal grain of material is thin
Change, internal organizational structure is improved；On the other hand, by laser-impact, material top also can effectively be strengthened.Above two
Aspect collective effect enhances the performance of semi-solid metal.Under the interaction of ultrasound and laser blast wave, it can solve
The ultrasonic wave limited problem of attainable depth in the material can solve the residual compressive stress layer of material after laser-impact processing
The shallower problem of depth.In addition, applying ultrasonic vibration simultaneously to semi-solid metal and carrying out laser-impact, material can be reduced
Interior friction, improve material inside organization structure, improve the plastic processing efficiency of material.
The ultrasonic vibration component of the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration of the invention
Including ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18, energy converter 19 and supersonic generator 22.Supersonic generator 22 is connect with energy converter 19, energy converter
19 tops connect ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18.Ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is stepped ultrasonic transformer, and material is titanium alloy, and performance is good and can be
It works under high temperature.
In conjunction with attached drawing 1, Fig. 3-1, Fig. 3-2, the laser module includes restraint layer, laser beam 2 and laser 1.Restraint layer
It is placed in above semi-solid metal, it is equal by the way that temperature resistant transparent liquid 4 and pyroceram 3 are combined together to form thickness
It is even, it is capable of the compound constant layer on laminated material surface always, laser-impact is carried out by the laser beam 2 that laser 1 issues.It is described
Temperature resistant transparent liquid 4 is injected by high temperature resistant oil pipe 5, and one end of high temperature resistant oil pipe 5 is connect with the oil inlet on end cap 23, another
End is erect height and is set, and is connected with ambient atmosphere, fills and liquefies to the gap between semi-solid metal and pyroceram 3
Lithium chloride 4, liquid and pyroceram 3 in gap form compound constant layer；End cap 23 is the groove type structure of center aperture.
The heating component includes heating rod 16 and temperature controller 15, in mold bottom around the uniform aperture of its axis,
And heating rod 16 is installed therein.Heating rod 16 uses refractory ceramics heating rod, has high temperature resistant, and corrosion-resistant, the service life is long, temperature
The advantages that degree is uniform, and thermal conductivity is good, meets the requirement of the present apparatus.
The die assembly includes upper mold 7, lower die 10, guide post 9, guide sleeve 8, bottom plate 14, cushion block 21, bottom plate screw 20, changes
It can device sleeve 17, end cap 23 and screw 13.The cushion block 21 and energy converter sleeve 17 are mounted on external numerical control table, NC table, ultrasound
Ring flange at 18 node location of amplitude transformer is connect with energy converter sleeve 17, and the effect of energy converter sleeve 17 is super to support and fix
Acoustic vibration component.Bottom plate 14 is connected through a screw thread with cushion block 21, provides installation for the lead and ultrasonic vibration component of heating rod 16
Space.Lower die 10 is installed, and lower die 10 is mounted on bottom plate 14 by bottom plate screw 20 above bottom plate 14, lower die 10 and bottom plate
There is insulating layer of asbestos 11 between 14.The top of lower die 10 is upper mold 7, is connected between upper mold 7 and lower die 10 by 9 guide sleeve 8 of guide post.
The specific structure is shown in FIG. 3 for end cap 23, is placed in the top of upper mold 7, is connect by screw thread with upper mold 7, end cap 23 is contacted with upper mold 7
Part is sealed with sealing ring, there is good sealing performance.
The main function of the ultrasonic vibration component is to apply ultrasonic vibration inside semi-solid metal, the connection
The main function of component is connection and fixed whole device and holds semi-solid metal, the main function of the heating component
It is heating mould and control temperature.
The present invention provides a kind of laser-impact and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method specific implementation of ultrasonic vibration
Process is as follows:
S1. the metal for being in semisolid is imported in the device of preheating；Or import the metal of preheating in mold, lead to
It crosses device and is heated to semisolid.Heating is carried out by refractory ceramics heating rod 16, is connected external heating control circuit, is passed through high temperature
Ceramic heating bar 16 is evenly heated to whole device, sets required temperature by temperature controller 15.
S2., laser-impact restraint layer is set.End cap 23 is installed, and pyroceram 3 is placed in end cap 23, by resistance to
High temperature oil pipe 5 fills temperature resistant transparent liquid 4 to the gap between semi-solid metal and pyroceram 3, the liquid in gap
Body and pyroceram 3 form compound constant layer.
S3. the parameters such as wavelength, pulse width, spot diameter and the laser energy of adjusting laser are required according to plastic processing.
Main laser parameter is selected according to semi-solid metal performance and its thickness, and laser-impact position is around metal material
Center carries out, and circumferential hot spot overlapping rate and radial hot spot overlapping rate are all larger than 50%, and completing circumferential and radial impact is one time, can
It repeats 2~3 times.
S4., mode of oscillation and the parameter etc. of Vltrasonic device are set.Ultrasonic vibration is vibrated using longitrorse, also can according to need
Change mode of oscillation；Ultrasonic vibration frequency is 15~70kHz, and amplitude is 10~50 μm；Ultrasonic vibration power is 200-2000W.
S5. supersonic generator 22 is opened, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is made to generate the ultrasonic vibration of certain mode；It opens and swashs simultaneously
Light device 1 carries out laser-impact plastic processing to material, it is made to carry out ultrasonic semisolid plastic processing while laser-impact.
S6. after completing laser-impact, supersonic generator 22 is closed, disconnects heater circuit, temperature resistant transparent liquid 4 passes through resistance to
High temperature oil pipe 5 is discharged；It is passed through cooling water into mold from the cooling water hole 12 of lower die 10, heat is taken away by the circulation of cooling water
It is quickly cooled down semi-solid-state metal.
S7. unscrewing end cap 23 after cooling down separates upper mold 7 and lower die 10, metal material is taken out, and completes semisolid gold
The laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration compound plastic of category are processed.
Embodiment:
The present embodiment carries out compound plastic processing to diameter 30mm, the aluminium alloy of thickness 10mm.By the work to be processed of preheating
Part 6 is that aluminum alloy specimen imports in mold, connects external heating control circuit, gives whole device by refractory ceramics heating rod 16
It is evenly heated, enables aluminum alloy to sample heating fusing, and so that its temperature is maintained at 635 DEG C by temperature controller 15.End cap is installed
23, and pyroceram 3 is placed in end cap 23, by high temperature resistant oil pipe 5 to semi-solid aluminium alloy and pyroceram 3 it
Between gap fill temperature resistant transparent liquid 4, liquid in gap and pyroceram 3 form compound constant layer.Adjust laser ginseng
Number, spot diameter 3mm, energy 2G, pulse width 20.1ns, 1.054 μm of wavelength.Laser-impact position is to try around aluminium alloy
The center of sample 6 carries out, and circumferential hot spot overlapping rate and radial hot spot overlapping rate are 60%, and completing circumferential and radial impact is one
Time, it repeats 2 times.Mode of oscillation and the parameter etc. of Vltrasonic device are set, and ultrasonic vibration is vibrated using longitrorse, and ultrasonic vibration frequency is
20kHz, amplitude are 10 μm.Supersonic generator 22 is opened, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is made to generate longitrorse vibration.Laser is opened simultaneously
1, laser-impact is carried out to semi-solid aluminium alloy, it is made to carry out ultrasonic semisolid plastic processing while laser-impact.It completes
After laser-impact, supersonic generator 22 to be closed, disconnects heater circuit, temperature resistant transparent liquid 4 is discharged by high temperature resistant oil pipe 5,
Cooling water is passed through into mold from the cooling water hole 12 of lower die 10, taking away heat by the circulation of cooling water keeps semi-solid-state metal fast
Quickly cooling is but.Unscrewing end cap 23 after cooling separate upper mold 7 and lower die 10, aluminum alloy specimen are taken out, and complete semi-solid-state metal
Laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration compound plastic processing.
After semi-solid-state metal carries out laser-impact and the processing of ultrasonic vibration compound plastic, material property is improved.Such as Fig. 5
It is shown the crystal grain diameter comparison diagram of metal material, abscissa is the thickness from the face A to the face B to distance, and ordinate is crystal grain diameter,
The face aluminum alloy specimen A and the face aluminum alloy specimen B as shown in Figure 4.Curve 501 is the crystal grain diameter of single ultrasonic treatment, curve 502
For the crystallite dimension after laser-impact and the processing of ultrasonic vibration compound plastic.
Although not each embodiment only includes one it should be appreciated that this specification describes according to various embodiments
A independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should will say
As a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined for bright book, and forming those skilled in the art can be with
The other embodiments of understanding.
The embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, not
In the case where substantive content of the invention, any conspicuous improvement that those skilled in the art can make, replacement
Or modification all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of laser-impact and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, which is characterized in that including laser
Component, ultrasonic vibration component, die assembly and heating component；The laser-impact and ultrasonic vibration act on work to be processed simultaneously
Part (6)；The workpiece to be processed (6) is placed in die assembly；Ultrasonic vibration component is provided with below workpiece to be processed (6)；On
Side is provided with laser module；Heating rod (16) in the heating component is arranged in die assembly.
2. laser-impact according to claim 1 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, special
Sign is that the laser module includes restraint layer, laser beam (2) and laser (1)；The constraint is placed on workpiece to be processed
(6) top；The laser beam (2) that laser (1) is launched irradiates on restraint layer；The restraint layer includes pyroceram
(3) and the temperature resistant transparent liquid (4) that is placed between high temp glass (3) and workpiece to be processed (6).
3. laser-impact according to claim 1 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, special
Sign is that the ultrasonic vibration component includes ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18), energy converter (19) and supersonic generator (22)；It is described super
Sonic generator (22) is connect with energy converter (19), connects ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) above energy converter (19), the ultrasonic amplitude of fluctuation
Bar (18) acts on workpiece to be processed (6).
4. laser-impact according to claim 1 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, special
Sign is that the die assembly includes upper mold (7), lower die (10), guide post (9), guide sleeve (8), bottom plate (14), cushion block (21), changes
It can device sleeve (17) and end cap (23)；The cushion block (21) and energy converter sleeve (17) are mounted on external numerical control table, NC table, are surpassed
Ring flange at sound amplitude transformer (18) node location is connect with energy converter sleeve (17)；Bottom plate (14) and cushion block (21) pass through screw thread
Connection, lower die (10) are installed in bottom plate (14) top, and lower die (10) is mounted on bottom plate (14) by screw (13), lower die (10)
There is insulating layer of asbestos between bottom plate (14)；The top of lower die (10) is upper mold (7), is passed through between upper mold (7) and lower die (10)
Guide post (9) and guide sleeve (8) connection；The end cap (23) is placed in the top of upper mold (7), is connect by screw thread with upper mold (7), end cap
(23) it is sealed with sealing ring with upper mold (7) contact portion.
5. laser-impact according to claim 1 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, special
Sign is that the heating component includes heating rod (16) and temperature controller (15), symmetrically offers in the axial direction on mold
Hole, heating rod (16) are mounted in hole, and heating rod (16) is connect with temperature controller (15).
6. laser-impact according to claim 1 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration, special
Sign is that the heating rod (16) is refractory ceramics heating rod.
7. a kind of laser-impact according to claim 1 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing device of ultrasonic vibration
Method, which is characterized in that workpiece to be processed (6) is carried out being heated to semisolid shape, simultaneously by the workpiece to be processed (6) after heating
Apply ultrasonic vibration and carries out laser-impact；When with laser-impact, to ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) apply certain frequency, amplitude and
The power ultrasonic vibration of mode, specifically includes the following steps:
S1. the metal for being in semisolid is imported in the device of preheating or imports the metal of preheating in die assembly, led to
It crosses heating component and is heated to semisolid；
S2., laser-impact restraint layer is set；
S3. the parameters such as wavelength, pulse width, spot diameter and the laser energy of laser are adjusted as desired；
S4., mode of oscillation and the parameter etc. of Vltrasonic device are set；
S5. supersonic generator (22) are opened, ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) is made to generate the ultrasonic vibration of certain mode.It opens and swashs simultaneously
Light device (1) carries out laser-impact plastic processing to material, while carrying out applying ultrasound；
S6. it after completing laser-impact, closes supersonic generator (22), cooling water is passed through into mold, keeps semi-solid-state metal fast
Quickly cooling is but；
S7. upper mold (7) and lower die (10) are separated after cooling down, metal material is taken out, and complete the laser punching of semi-solid-state metal
It hits and is processed with ultrasonic vibration compound plastic.
8. laser-impact according to claim 7 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method of ultrasonic vibration,
It is characterized in that, the laser-impact in the step S3, laser pulse width 10ns~50ns, laser energy 2J~100J.
9. laser-impact according to claim 7 and the compound semi-solid-state metal plastic processing method of ultrasonic vibration,
It is characterized in that, ultrasonic vibrational mode is that extensional vibration or longitrorse vibrate in the step S4；Ultrasonic vibration frequency be 15~
200kHz, amplitude are 5~100 μm；Ultrasonic vibration power is 200-5000W.
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