CN106271061B - A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding - Google Patents
A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN106271061B CN106271061B CN201610842766.3A CN201610842766A CN106271061B CN 106271061 B CN106271061 B CN 106271061B CN 201610842766 A CN201610842766 A CN 201610842766A CN 106271061 B CN106271061 B CN 106271061B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/703—Cooling arrangements
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding; it is related to materials processing engineering field; the invention solves existing conventional laser welding process to be also easy to produce laser plasma, causes welding process unstable, easily produces the defects of shaping discontinuous and weld blowhole problem.The present invention on the basis of conventional laser welding, is improved using the method for laser welding of cryogenic gas protection to welding protection pneumatic transmission device of air.Seam organization refinement of the present invention, while hardness increases.Suppress stomata and fire check, reduce weld defect；Welding process stability is improved, increases laser absorption rate, reduces welding cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing engineering field, especially a kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding.
Background technology
With manufacturing fast development and the continuous progress of welding technique, welding structure is widely used in a variety of applications.
In modern welding technology, quality, efficiency, low cost are the important indicators in welding industry production, and with space flight, aviation thing
The fast development of industry, communications and transportation, ocean engineering etc., substantial amounts of welding job amount is needed every year.For high quality efficiently it is low into
This welding method proposes higher requirement.
Laser is as one of " most there is the welding technique of development potentiality 21st century ", and because it has, energy density is high,
Weldquality is good, and depth-to-width ratio is big, and heat affected area is small, and welding deformation is small, and speed of welding is fast and easy to automate etc.
Advantage, it is widely used in the industrial production.In the world many well-known Automobile Enterprises as run quickly, it is popular from
Last century the eighties start just to have studied application of the laser welding technology to automobile, mainly include vehicle body, side frame, roof lamp
The welding of the vanadium gold material at position.The nineties more well-known automaker such as Ford, general also add laser welding
Technology.Other laser welding technology is also employed in steamer manufacture, and the deck on laser welding steamer can reduce welding deformation, state
Outer highest can complete the deck of boat welding of ten cm thicks.
But in current laser beam welding, typically no protective gas or made using conventional Ar or He gas
For protective gas；But in welding process, in spite of using protective gas, laser plasma can be all produced, due to laser
Plasma itself is unstable, so as to influence its welding stability, may cause to shape the welding such as unstable, internal porosity lacking
Fall into.Laser energy is absorbed after plasma significantly expansion, weld penetration can be caused to be decreased obviously.Therefore, taken over for Laser Welding
Caused laser plasma in journey, general braking measure at present be using with high ionization can He gas, side-blown protection gas or
The mode of person's pulse laser suppresses the size of plasma.But helium cost highest, and use side-blown protective gas when in order to
Influence of the side-blown gas to molten bath is avoided, typically has certain distance away from weld seam molten bath, causes plasma inhibition limited.
Based on this, the present invention proposes a kind of method for laser welding of cryogenic gas protection.
The content of the invention
Present invention seek to address that existing conventional laser welding process is also easy to produce laser plasma, cause welding process unstable
It is fixed, the defects of shaping discontinuous and weld blowhole problem is easily produced, and a kind of laser welding of cryogenic gas protection is provided
Method.
It is contemplated that the method for laser welding protected using cryogenic gas, on the basis of conventional laser welding, butt welding
Connect protection pneumatic transmission device of air to be improved, specific implementation includes：
1st, common plastics pipeline of supplying gas is changed to the cryogenic gas feed-line of adiabatic heat-insulation, directly using insulated gas cylinder
Interior cryogenic gas.
2 or gas is cooled down using other devices such as using refrigeration machine/air-cooler to protection gas cylinder and gas transmission line
Cooled down, protection temperature degree can be made to be reduced to subzero 50 degree or so by room temperature；Use cooling bath (the temperature model that can be provided
Enclose usually 13 to -196 DEG C) protection gas cylinder is cooled down, reach lower temperature.
A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding of the present invention, specific embodiment are as follows：
Step 1：Before welding, the position to be welded of workpiece to be welded is processed into double V-groove, U-shaped groove or Y type grooves, and
Groove after processing and both side surface are polished and cleaned, the workpiece to be welded after polishing or cleaning is fixed on welding tooling
On fixture；
Step 2：Laser head and wire feeder are rigidly fixed using fixture；
Step 3：Welding condition is set:
Speed of welding is 0.5~5m/min, and laser power is 2000~6000W, and defocusing amount is -3~+3, if filling weldering
Silk, then wire feed rate is 0.2~1.0m/min；Protection gas uses Ar gas, He gas or the gaseous mixture of the two, and protection air-flow amount is 5
~20L/min, protection temperature degree are -30 DEG C~-160 DEG C；
Step 4：During actual welding, using robot integrated system control welding condition, first laser
Control sends laser, and then after the stable 1s of laser, control machine people causes laser head to move, that is, completes welding process.
The present invention is welded with some following advantage compared to conventional laser：
1st, seam organization refines, and because weld seam cooling velocity greatly improves, welding joint structure further refines, draftability
It can be increased with hardness.
2nd, suppress stomata and fire check, because molten bath cooling velocity improves, be advantageous to suppress melt run during conventional laser weldering
The metallurgy type stomata that position is also easy to produce, reduce weld defect；
3rd, welding process stability is improved, because low-temperature protection gas to molten bath and its is nearby protected and cooled down, can be had
Effect reduces laser plasma temperature, so that its density reduces, suppresses its cyclic fluctuation amplitude.
4th, increase laser absorption rate, reduce welding cost.Because laser plasma has certain suction to laser energy
Receive, scattering, reflection equal loss, by using low-temperature protection gas can plasma always, reduce the loss of laser energy, from
And improve weld penetration.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the conventional laser of embodiment 2 welds back-welding shape figure；
Fig. 2 is that the conventional laser of embodiment 2 welds macroscopical metallograph；
Fig. 3 is that the inventive method of embodiment 1 welds back-welding shape figure；
Fig. 4 is that the inventive method of embodiment 1 welds macroscopical metallograph；
Fig. 5 is the conventional laser weld blowhole detection figure of embodiment 2；
Fig. 6 is the inventive method weld blowhole detection figure of embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding of present embodiment, it be by
Carried out according to following steps：
Step 1：Before welding, the position to be welded of workpiece to be welded is processed into double V-groove, U-shaped groove or Y type grooves, and
Groove after processing and both side surface are polished and cleaned, the workpiece to be welded after polishing or cleaning is fixed on welding tooling
On fixture；
Step 2：Laser head and wire feeder are rigidly fixed using fixture；
Step 3：Welding condition is set:
Speed of welding is 0.5~5m/min, and laser power is 2000~6000W, and defocusing amount is -3~+3, if filling weldering
Silk, then wire feed rate is 0.2~1.0m/min；Protection gas uses Ar gas, He gas or the gaseous mixture of the two, and protection air-flow amount is 5
~20L/min, protection temperature degree are -30 DEG C~-160 DEG C；
Step 4：During actual welding, using robot integrated system control welding condition, first laser
Control sends laser, and then after the stable 1s of laser, control machine people causes laser head to move, that is, completes welding process.
Laser used in present embodiment can use CO2Gas laser, YAG solid state lasers, semiconductor swash
Light device, wherein with optimal using the YAG solid state lasers of optical fiber transmission, because it is more efficiently and environmentally friendly；Other equipment includes,
1 KUKA robot, in welding process the adjustment of technological parameter realized by KUKA robotic programmings；1 good fortune Nice wire-feed motor,
To ensure that welding wire is accurately sent into.
Embodiment two：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：Described workpiece to be welded be steel,
Aluminium or titanium alloy.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：It is -50 DEG C to protect temperature degree
~-160 DEG C.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：It is -70 DEG C to protect temperature degree
~-160 DEG C.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：It is -90 DEG C to protect temperature degree
~-160 DEG C.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment six：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：It is -110 DEG C to protect temperature degree
~-160 DEG C.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment seven：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：It is -130 DEG C to protect temperature degree
~-160 DEG C.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment eight：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：It is by low temperature gas to protect gas
Body pipe is conveyed.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment nine：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：Described -30 DEG C~-160 DEG C
Protection temperature degree be that what is obtained is cooled down to the bottle equipped with protection gas and cryogenic gas pipe by refrigeration machine or air-cooler.Its
It is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment ten：Present embodiment is unlike embodiment one：Welding condition:Welding speed
It is 4000~6000W to spend for 1~5m/min, laser power, and defocusing amount is -3~+3, if filler wire, wire feed rate 0.2
~1.0m/min；Protection gas uses Ar gas, He gas or the gaseous mixture of the two, and protection air-flow amount is 5~20L/min, protects temperature
Spend for -60 DEG C~-160 DEG C.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Present invention is not limited only to the content of the respective embodiments described above, the group of one of them or several embodiments
Contract sample can also realize the purpose of invention.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by following examples:
It is utilized respectively the method and conventional laser welding method welding 3mm thickness magnesium alloys of the present invention.
Specific experiment method is as follows：
Embodiment 1
3mm thickness magnesium alloy banjo fixing butt jointings are welded using the method for the present invention：
A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding, it is followed the steps below：
Step 1：Before welding, according to thickness of slab, the position to be welded of workpiece to be welded is processed into I type grooves, and to processing after
Groove and both side surface polished and cleaned, the workpiece to be welded after polishing or cleaning is fixed on welding tool setup,
0~0.5mm of butt-joint clearance；
Step 2：Laser head and wire feeder are rigidly fixed using fixture；
Step 3：Welding condition is set:
Speed of welding is 3m/min, and laser power 2000W, defocusing amount is+1, and protection gas uses Ar gas, protection air-flow amount
For 10L/min, protection temperature degree is -50 DEG C；
Step 4：During actual welding, using robot integrated system control welding condition, first laser
Control sends laser, and then after the stable 1s of laser, control machine people causes laser head to move, that is, completes welding process.
Embodiment 2
Conventional laser welds 3mm thickness magnesium alloy banjo fixing butt jointings：
Step 1：Before welding, according to thickness of slab, the position to be welded of workpiece to be welded is processed into I type grooves, and to processing after
Groove and both side surface polished or cleaned, the workpiece to be welded after polishing or cleaning is fixed on welding tool setup,
0~0.5mm of butt-joint clearance；
Step 2:Laser head is rigidly fixed in KUKA robots using special fixture；
Step 3:Welding condition is set:
Speed of welding 3.0m/min, laser power 2000W, defocusing amount+1, protection gas use Ar gas, flow in 10L/min,
Ar gas is normal temperature.
Step 4:During actual welding, using robot integrated system control welding condition, first laser
Control sends laser, and then after the stable 1s of laser, control machine people causes laser head motion to complete welding process.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 be respectively the Examples 1 and 2 welding appearance of weld of 3mm thickness magnesium alloy banjo fixing butt jointings, cross-sectional metallographic,
X-ray check result, it can be seen that when using the inventive method of embodiment 1 welded when, form stable, do not occur non-penetration,
Discontinuously, phenomena such as reinforcement deficiency.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding, it is characterised in that it is followed the steps below：
Step 1：Before welding, the position to be welded of workpiece to be welded is processed into double V-groove, U-shaped groove or Y type grooves, and pair plus
Groove and both side surface after work are polished and cleaned, and the workpiece to be welded after polishing or cleaning is fixed on into welding tool setup
On；
Step 2：Laser head and wire feeder are rigidly fixed using fixture；
Step 3：Welding condition is set:
Speed of welding is 0.5~5m/min, and laser power is 2000~6000W, and defocusing amount is -3~+3, if filler wire,
Wire feed rate is 0.2~1.0m/min；Protection gas uses Ar gas, He gas or the gaseous mixture of the two, and protection air-flow amount is 5~20L/
Min, protection temperature degree are -30 DEG C~-160 DEG C；
Step 4：During actual welding, using robot integrated system control welding condition, first laser control
Laser is sent, then after the stable 1s of laser, control machine people causes laser head to move, that is, completes welding process；Described is to be welded
Workpiece is steel, aluminium or titanium alloy；The protection temperature degree of described -30 DEG C~-160 DEG C be by refrigeration machine or air-cooler to equipped with
The bottle and cryogenic gas pipe for protecting gas are cooled down what is obtained.
A kind of 2. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that protection gas
Temperature is -50 DEG C~-160 DEG C.
A kind of 3. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that protection gas
Temperature is -70 DEG C~-160 DEG C.
A kind of 4. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 3, it is characterised in that protection gas
Temperature is -90 DEG C~-160 DEG C.
A kind of 5. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 4, it is characterised in that protection gas
Temperature is -110 DEG C~-160 DEG C.
A kind of 6. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 5, it is characterised in that protection gas
Temperature is -130 DEG C~-160 DEG C.
A kind of 7. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that protection gas
Conveyed by cryogenic gas pipe.
A kind of 8. unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Welder
Skill parameter:
Speed of welding is 1~5m/min, and laser power is 4000~6000W, and defocusing amount is -3~+3, if filler wire, is sent
Silk speed is 0.2~1.0m/min；Protection gas uses Ar gas, He gas or the gaseous mixture of the two, and protection air-flow amount is 5~20L/
Min, protection temperature degree are -60 DEG C~-160 DEG C.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610842766.3A CN106271061B (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2016-09-22 | A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610842766.3A CN106271061B (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2016-09-22 | A kind of unconventional cryogenic gas protection method for laser welding |
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| CN106271061B true CN106271061B (en) | 2018-03-16 |
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| CN106735906B (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2019-05-17 | 机械科学研究总院青岛分院有限公司 | A kind of method for laser welding of titanium alloy sheet |
| CN108890156A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-27 | 潘真清 | A kind of laser welding repairs the device of torsion cylinder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10324181A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-23 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Shielding gas device for laser material processing |
| CN101941119B (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2013-04-03 | 北京工业大学 | Method for connecting aluminum alloy and steel by laser filler wire |
| CN103658983A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Laser welding titanium alloy front face non-dragging-cover gas protecting device |
| CN105108341A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser-MAG welding method for steel plate of medium thickness and superhigh strength |
| CN105328342A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-02-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for removing laser welding pores of medium-thick D406A ultra-high-strength steel |
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