CN103537784A - Metal inert gas (MIG) welding method of aluminum alloy thin plate for high speed train - Google Patents
Metal inert gas (MIG) welding method of aluminum alloy thin plate for high speed train Download PDFInfo
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- CN103537784A CN103537784A CN201310517749.9A CN201310517749A CN103537784A CN 103537784 A CN103537784 A CN 103537784A CN 201310517749 A CN201310517749 A CN 201310517749A CN 103537784 A CN103537784 A CN 103537784A
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- welding
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- aluminum alloy
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal inert gas (MIG) welding method of an aluminum alloy thin plate for a high speed train. The method is characterized in that an ER5356 welding wire and 99.9% argon protective gas are selected to conduct single pass welding. The method includes the following steps: 1) surface machining of a workpiece to be welded; 2) MIG welding; 3) welding gap defect checking. The step 1) includes that the workpiece to be welded is not preheated, an organic solvent is directly adopted to remove grease dirt and dust on the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and a mechanical method is adopted to remove an oxidation film on the surface of the workpiece in a washing mode. The step 2) includes that weld heat input is controlled between 4.0KJ/cm and 5.0KJ/cm during MIG welding, and environment humidity is controlled to be smaller than or equal to 70%. The step 3) includes that pore defects of a welded workpiece are removed through a steel wire brush or an air chipper. The method has the advantage that thin plate aluminum alloy welding connector pore welding hot crack number can be greatly reduced, welding gap forming is good, welding deformation is small, welding connector strength is higher, the MIG welding quality of the aluminum alloy thin plate for the high speed train is effectively improved, and welding quality stability is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field.More specifically, the present invention relates to the MIG welding method of aluminium alloy sheet for a kind of bullet train.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of high-speed railway industry in recent years, used for rail vehicle aluminium alloy be welded into new study hotspot.The critical material that aluminium alloy is manufactured as EMU, Welded quality is the basis that determines the operation of bullet train long-term safety, significant for the service life that improves bullet train.The critical process of manufacturing as high-speed train body, the welding of aluminium alloy has very important status.The welding quality that how to improve aluminium alloy becomes the key in aluminum alloy bodywork manufacture.Aluminium alloy thin-walled Welding Structure is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, processing characteristics is excellent, be easy to connect and widely apply at high-speed train body.Because the thermal coefficient of expansion of aluminium alloy is large, elastic modelling quantity is little, welding deformation problem is quite outstanding, has a strong impact on the accuracy of manufacture and the serviceability of structure.Aluminum alloy bodywork is little by thin plate self constraint (restraint) degree, adds the aluminum alloy heat coefficient of expansion larger, and the welding method that traditional heat input is larger easily occurs that molten bath stays or burns, and easily produces and is difficult to the wave transformation of correcting.Present stage, the advanced welding equipment of a large amount of Introduced From Abroads of High Speed Train in China manufacturer, but less to the theoretical research of the MIG welding of large aluminum alloy car body thin plate, lack and instruct the related fields of producing theoretical, cause welding product quality stability poor.
Welding characteristic about aluminium alloy in prior art shows that its welding difficulty is: (1) is very easily oxidized.In air, the easy combine with oxygen of aluminium, generates fine and close alundum (Al2O3) film (the about 0.1-0.2 μ of thickness m), and fusing point high (approximately 2050 ℃), considerably beyond the fusing point (approximately 600 ℃ of left and right) of aluminium and aluminium alloy.The easy adsorption moisture in surface of aluminum oxide film, during welding, it hinders the fusion of base metal, very easily forms the defects such as pore, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, causes that Weld Performance declines.(2) easily produce pore.The main cause that aluminum and its alloy when welding produces pore is hydrogen, and due to a large amount of hydrogen of liquid aluminium solubilized, and solid aluminum dissolved hydrogen hardly, therefore cooling when solidifying fast when bath temperature, hydrogen has little time to overflow, and easily in weld seam, assembles formation pore.(3) seam deformation and formation crackle tendency are large.The linear expansion coefficient of aluminium and crystallization shrinkage factor, approximately than the large twice of steel, easily produce the internal stress of larger welding deformation, and the structure that rigidity is larger will be impelled to the generation of fire check.(4) scaling loss of the evaporation of alloying element.In aluminium alloy, contain lower boiling element (as magnesium, zinc, manganese etc.), under high-temperature electric arc effect, very easily evaporate scaling loss, thereby change the chemical composition of weld metal, Weld Performance is declined.
Prior art is generally to weld bullet train aluminium alloy sheet by conventional method.Practice shows, uses conventional method to carry out MIG welding, and its quality is difficult to guarantee.Be mainly manifested in: the one, easily crack.Crackle form has longitudinal crack, transversal crack (often expanding to parent metal), also has root crack, crater crack etc.Crackle will make structural strength reduce, and even cause the Sudden failure of total, be therefore completely unallowed.The 2nd, welding pore is more.By its kind, the pore in aluminium weld seam mainly contains surface pores, disperse pore, local dense pore, single gross blow hole, root linear porosity, column pore etc.Pore not only can reduce the compactness of weld seam, reduces the loaded area of joint, and it is more that intensity, the Plasticity Decreasing of joint, particularly clod wash angle and impact flexibility are reduced, and must be prevented.The 3rd, be prone to incomplete fusion phenomenon.When incomplete fusion is melting welding, between welding bead and mother metal or between welding bead and welding bead, the complete part of melted join not.Due to the existence of these defects, affected the oeverall quality of bullet train aluminum alloy bodywork, high speed train has been formed safely to hidden danger, must be overcome with all strength.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the existing deficiency of prior art, the MIG welding method of a kind of bullet train with aluminium alloy sheet is provided, it not only can significantly reduce thin plate aluminum alloy welding point pore HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P quantity, and appearance of weld is good, welding deformation amount is little, strength of welded joint is high, thereby effectively promote the MIG welding quality of aluminium alloy sheet for bullet train, guarantee stability of the welding quality.
The present invention realizes the technical scheme that foregoing invention object takes: the MIG welding method of aluminium alloy sheet for a kind of bullet train, select the argon shield gas of ER5356 welding wire and 99.9% to carry out single-run welding welding, comprise the following steps: 1) surface of the work to be welded is processed: workpiece not preheating of workpiece to be welded and directly adopt organic solvent to remove the greasy dirt of surface of the work to be welded, dust, then with mechanical means, clean and remove surface of the work oxide-film to be welded; 2) MIG welding is controlled at weld heat input between 4.0-5.0KJ/cm time, and ambient humidity is controlled at≤and 70%; 3) weld defect inspection: postwelding workpiece gas hole defect is removed with wire brush or pneumatic shovel.
Further, described step 1), organic solvent is gasoline or acetone or trichloro-ethylene or carbon tetrachloride.
Further, operation employing stainless steel wire or the copper wire that cleans removal surface of the work oxide-film to be welded described step 1) taken turns, brush is removed the groove of workpiece to be welded and both sides oxide-film thereof.
In the present invention, owing to taking single-run welding welding, so there is no interlayer temperature, do not need interlayer temperature to control, do not need to weld between scavenger layer pore yet, so do not need to carry out preheating, thereby reduced operation, improved production efficiency.Welding wire is the key factor that affects mechanical property under hot-cracking resistance, corrosion resistance and the normal temperature of weld metal composition, liquidus temperature, tissue, solidus temperature, weld metal Ji Jinfeng district mother metal or high temperature low temperature.Bad when aluminium weldability, there is crackle, when brittle fracture appears in the bad or Welding Structure of welding joint mechanical property, using suitable welding wire instead and not changing weldment design and processes condition is usually necessary, feasible and effective technical measures.In conjunction with technique adjustment of the present invention, the present invention selects ER5356 welding wire.The generation of considering pore is because the solubility of hydrogen in molten pool metal causes, its solubility was directly proportional to volume and the cool time in molten bath.The oxide-film of metal surface is (as Al
2o
3) in welding process, can be dissolved in molten bath, cause the generation of pore and the embrittlement of weld seam, before weldering, by machinery or chemical method, remove these oxide-films.Test shows, when before weldering, test specimen does not carry out preheating, the x-ray inspection result of the aluminum alloy MIG welding joint during with little heat input (3.0-3.5KJ/cm) is C level, and apply heat input of the present invention (4.0-5.0KJ/cm), and make the x-ray inspection result of aluminum alloy MIG welding joint be promoted to B level in conjunction with measures such as surface of the work cleaning before weldering and control welding surroundings humidity, the welding pore of aluminum alloy MIG welding is inevitable, so A level result of detection is impossible, the x-ray inspection grade of the thin plate aluminum alloy welding point after visible application MIG welding of the present invention can reach the highest.Known via a large amount of engineer testings, mainly by α (Al)+β, (Mg2 Al3 forms the MIG plumb joint seam organization that adopts the present invention to weld, and welded seam area coarse grains, fall into disarray.Joint tensile strength is greater than 82.5% of mother metal, and weld hardness value is between 60～70HV, and HAZ has softened zone.Plumb joint bend test is just curved, back of the body bending angle all reaches 180 °, and indices is all obviously better than conventional MIG welding method.In sum, heat input in preweld cleaning and weldering is controlled in the present invention and one is made in postwelding defect inspection, significantly reduce thin plate aluminum alloy welding point pore HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P quantity, and appearance of weld is good, welding deformation amount is little, strength of welded joint is high, thereby effectively promote the MIG welding quality of aluminium alloy sheet for bullet train, guarantee stability of the welding quality.
With respect to prior art, this its unique innovation is: before weldering, the preparation such as scarfing cinder, dehumidifying reaches after requirement, by can directly completing welding to the control of weld heat input and ambient humidity.Compare the present invention with other welding methods and saved the operation to aluminium alloy sheet preheating before weldering; Compare with SMAW, MIG welding bullet train wire feed continuously during with aluminium alloy sheet, during saving materials processing, production efficiency is high; With without electrode argon arc welding, compare, MIG welding bullet train during with aluminium alloy sheet fusion penetration larger, can adopt single-run welding, reduce the welding number of plies, reduce weld defect, save man-hour.
the specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment: the aluminium alloy of considering different series exists certain difference, and the collocation of different welding procedures differs from one another, in order to obtain better aluminum alloy MIG welding quality, from welding material and protective gas, the present invention selects the argon shield gas of ER5356 welding wire and 99.9%, and ER5356 welding wire is Al-Mg alloy welding wire, to different series aluminium alloy (especially 5 be, 6 be and 7 series alloys) welding wide adaptability, of many uses, intensity is high, has good corrosion resistance; 99.9% argon shield gas can better protect molten bath by active gases, not invaded and be oxidized, and makes welding arc stablility, spatter little.
From weld heat input, preheat temperature and interlayer temperature, select 1) weldering before workpiece is not carried out to preheating; 2) when MIG welds, select the heat input of 4.0-5.0KJ/cm; 3) when dehydrating unit such as application air-conditioning etc. makes to weld humidity be controlled at≤70%.
From preweld cleaning and weldering, except welding pore, select: the 1) surface treatment of materials to be welded: with organic solvent (gasoline, acetone, trichloro-ethylene or carbon tetrachloride) wipe oil, dust; Adopt stainless steel wire or copper wire wheel, brush that the groove of materials to be welded and both sides oxide-film thereof are removed.2) postwelding is carried out in accordance with regulations and checks there are the defects such as pore-free, if any removing with wire brush or pneumatic shovel immediately.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here cannot give all embodiments exhaustive.Every still row in protection scope of the present invention of apparent variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change that belong to.
Claims (3)
1. the MIG welding method of aluminium alloy sheet for a bullet train, it is characterized in that selecting the argon shield gas of ER5356 welding wire and 99.9% to carry out single-run welding welding, comprise the following steps: 1) surface of the work to be welded is processed: workpiece not preheating of workpiece to be welded and directly adopt organic solvent to remove the greasy dirt of surface of the work to be welded, dust, then with mechanical means, clean and remove surface of the work oxide-film to be welded; 2) in MIG when welding, is adjusted the size of welding current and arc voltage by the reading of the welding current that shows on ammeter and voltmeter and arc voltage and the control of the electric arc speed of travel during to welding is controlled at weld heat input between 4.0-5.0KJ/cm, before weldering, do not need preheating, but check the purity of argon shield gas and the cleaning situation of weld seam, as defective welding more Ex post, the ambient humidity of welding is controlled at≤and 70%; 3) weld defect inspection: postwelding workpiece gas hole defect is removed with wire brush or pneumatic shovel.
2. the MIG welding method of aluminium alloy sheet for a kind of bullet train according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1) in organic solvent be gasoline or acetone or trichloro-ethylene or carbon tetrachloride.
3. the MIG welding method of aluminium alloy sheet for a kind of bullet train according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1) in clean the operation of removing surface of the work oxide-film to be welded and adopt stainless steel wire or copper wire wheel, brush that the groove of workpiece to be welded and both sides oxide-film thereof are removed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310517749.9A CN103537784A (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2013-10-29 | Metal inert gas (MIG) welding method of aluminum alloy thin plate for high speed train |
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| CN201310517749.9A CN103537784A (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2013-10-29 | Metal inert gas (MIG) welding method of aluminum alloy thin plate for high speed train |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104439641A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 芜湖中集瑞江汽车有限公司 | Aluminum plate welding process |
| CN104475929A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-01 | 芜湖中集瑞江汽车有限公司 | Inert gas arc welding process suitable for aluminum and aluminum alloy with plate thickness smaller than 4mm |
| CN104526120A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-22 | 芜湖中集瑞江汽车有限公司 | Aluminum and aluminum alloy inert-gas shielded welding process suitable for plates of 8-12 mm thickness |
| CN106363282A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-01 | 苏州哈工众志自动化科技有限公司 | Method for overlapping welding of inconstant-thickness aluminum alloy |
| CN108544062A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-18 | 辽宁忠旺铝合金精深加工有限公司 | A kind of automatic welding method for welding of aluminium alloy sheet |
| CN108941851A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江佳鸿汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of argon protection welding device of I-beam |
| CN108971711A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2018-12-11 | 上海和达汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of welding procedure of aluminium alloy car dashboard cross member |
| CN110666309A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Vertical butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy |
| CN110666310A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Flat butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet |
| CN110666308A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-10 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Flat butt joint MIG welding method for dissimilar aluminum alloy welding joint |
| CN111468804A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-31 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | MIG welding process of aluminum alloy |
| CN115007977A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | MIG welding method of aluminum alloy plate |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104475929A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-01 | 芜湖中集瑞江汽车有限公司 | Inert gas arc welding process suitable for aluminum and aluminum alloy with plate thickness smaller than 4mm |
| CN104526120A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-22 | 芜湖中集瑞江汽车有限公司 | Aluminum and aluminum alloy inert-gas shielded welding process suitable for plates of 8-12 mm thickness |
| CN104439641A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 芜湖中集瑞江汽车有限公司 | Aluminum plate welding process |
| CN106363282A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-01 | 苏州哈工众志自动化科技有限公司 | Method for overlapping welding of inconstant-thickness aluminum alloy |
| CN108544062B (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2020-09-18 | 辽宁忠旺铝合金精深加工有限公司 | Automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet |
| CN108544062A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-18 | 辽宁忠旺铝合金精深加工有限公司 | A kind of automatic welding method for welding of aluminium alloy sheet |
| CN108941851A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江佳鸿汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of argon protection welding device of I-beam |
| CN108941851B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2023-08-22 | 浙江佳鸿汽车科技股份有限公司 | Argon protection welding device for I-beam |
| CN108971711A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2018-12-11 | 上海和达汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of welding procedure of aluminium alloy car dashboard cross member |
| CN110666308B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Flat butt joint MIG welding method for dissimilar aluminum alloy welding joint |
| CN110666308A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-10 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Flat butt joint MIG welding method for dissimilar aluminum alloy welding joint |
| CN110666310A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Flat butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet |
| CN110666310B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2022-03-15 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Flat butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet |
| CN110666309B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2022-03-15 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Vertical butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy |
| CN110666309A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | Vertical butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy |
| CN111468804A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-31 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | MIG welding process of aluminum alloy |
| CN115007977A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | MIG welding method of aluminum alloy plate |
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Application publication date: 20140129 |