CN110899921A - Welding-following chilling device for controlling welding deformation and welding method - Google Patents
Welding-following chilling device for controlling welding deformation and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110899921A CN110899921A CN201911339011.1A CN201911339011A CN110899921A CN 110899921 A CN110899921 A CN 110899921A CN 201911339011 A CN201911339011 A CN 201911339011A CN 110899921 A CN110899921 A CN 110899921A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding deformation controlled chilling device and a welding method, wherein the welding deformation controlled chilling device comprises a gas storage bottle for containing protective gas, a liquid nitrogen cooling tank and a welding assembly, wherein a copper cooling pipe arranged in a coil cloth is arranged in the liquid nitrogen cooling tank, two ends of the cooling pipe extend out of the tank body, a first gas pipe is connected between one end of the cooling pipe and the gas storage bottle, a second gas pipe is connected between the other end of the cooling pipe and the welding assembly, and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of gas flow is further arranged on one side of the second gas pipe, which is close to the welding assembly; the welding assembly comprises a laser heat source, a TIG auxiliary heat source and a welding gun automatic walking module. The protective gas is cooled by liquid nitrogen, and is subjected to welding chilling by the cooled protective gas, so that the development of plastic strain of a welding line and a near seam region can be effectively controlled, and the size and the range of plastic deformation are reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling residual stress and welding deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding-following chilling device for controlling welding deformation and a welding method.
Background
The lightweight of the automobile is to reduce the overall quality of the automobile as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety performance of the automobile, thereby improving the dynamic property of the automobile, reducing the fuel consumption and reducing the exhaust pollution. Experiments show that if the weight of the whole automobile is reduced by 10%, the fuel efficiency can be improved by 6-8%, and the emission is reduced by 4%. Due to the environmental protection and energy saving requirements, the light weight of automobiles has become an important direction for the development of current automobiles.
In order to realize light weight of automobiles, various circles actively seek high-strength light materials to replace original materials, such as high-strength steel, fiber reinforced composite materials, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, composite materials and the like, and the light materials which are widely applied are aluminum alloy and galvanized steel. However, the mechanical properties such as linear expansion coefficient, strength and the like of the aluminum alloy and the steel are greatly different, so that the welding position of the aluminum alloy and the galvanized steel has large residual stress and deformation.
The residual weld stress accelerates stress corrosion and fatigue failure of the welded structure, eventually causing brittle fracture, which is also an important factor affecting creep performance of the welded structure. Welding distortion can also reduce the bearing capacity of the workpiece and affect the dimensional accuracy and appearance of the workpiece. In order to reduce the influence of welding stress and deformation, a workpiece needs to be corrected after welding, but the correction of residual deformation after welding not only prolongs the production period and improves the production cost, but also causes adverse effects such as unstable product quality and the like.
In order to solve the problem, researchers begin to adopt a welding-following precooling technology, wherein the welding-following chilling technology is to apply a cold source moving along with a conventional welding heat source at a certain distance behind the conventional welding heat source so as to rapidly cool a welding seam area, thereby reducing the residual stress of the welding seam and controlling the welding deformation. Compared with the measures of controlling deformation before welding or after welding, the technology can save a large amount of time, can better reduce and control the residual stress and deformation of welding, and is an important development direction of modern welding technology.
In the welding process, a strong stretching effect is obtained by locally quenching a welding seam still in a high-temperature state through water cooling, the development of plastic strain of the welding seam and a near seam region is controlled, and the size and the range of plastic deformation are reduced, so that the aims of controlling welding residual stress and welding deformation are fulfilled. However, in actual production, due to the existence of high reinforcement at the welding seam, the heat sink and the heat source cannot be close to each other, so that the control of welding residual stress and deformation is limited. In addition, because the laser (water) is directly sprayed on the welding seam, the welding seam defect can be caused, and the welding seam quality is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a welding-following chilling device for controlling welding deformation, and aims to solve the problem that a coolant (water) of the conventional welding-following chilling device can cause weld defects in a cooling process.
The invention also provides a welding deformation controlled chilling welding method, and aims to solve the problems that the existing steel/aluminum welding process is poor in chilling effect and difficult to achieve the expected effect.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a chilling device capable of controlling welding deformation along with welding comprises a gas storage bottle for containing protective gas, a liquid nitrogen cooling tank and a welding assembly, wherein a copper cooling pipe arranged in a coil cloth is arranged in the liquid nitrogen cooling tank, two ends of the cooling pipe extend out of the tank body, a first gas pipe is connected between one end of the cooling pipe and the gas storage bottle, a second gas pipe is connected between the other end of the cooling pipe and the welding assembly, and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of gas flow is further arranged at one end of a gas outlet of the second gas pipe;
the welding assembly comprises a laser heat source, a welding gun and an automatic welding gun walking module.
Further, the gas storage cylinder is a helium cylinder, an argon cylinder, a carbon dioxide cylinder or a nitrogen cylinder.
Furthermore, a control box is further arranged on one side of the liquid nitrogen cooling tank, a controller is arranged in the control box, and the controller is in signal connection with a temperature sensor; and the control box is also connected with an audible and visual alarm in signal connection with the controller, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is higher than the highest threshold value, the audible and visual alarm is started to give an alarm.
Further, the highest threshold value for starting the alarm of the audible and visual alarm is-8 ℃ to-15 ℃.
Furthermore, a sealing cover is further arranged on the liquid nitrogen cooling tank, two vertical through holes are formed in the sealing cover, and two ends of the cooling pipe penetrate out of the through holes; the sealing cover is provided with a feed inlet for adding liquid nitrogen, and the feed inlet is connected with a blocking cover.
Furthermore, the periphery and the bottom of the liquid nitrogen cooling tank are wrapped by heat insulation layers, and the top of the sealing cover and the top of the blocking cover are also wrapped by heat insulation layers.
Furthermore, the cooling pipe is coiled in the liquid nitrogen cooling tank in a zigzag shape or a spiral shape.
A welding deformation controlled chilling welding method along with welding comprises the following process steps:
s1, cleaning oil stains on the surface of a to-be-welded part, and then polishing to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the to-be-welded part;
s2, fixing the to-be-welded part on a special fixture, coating the brazing flux on the upper surface and the lower surface of a welding bead, and coating the uniformly mixed brazing filler metal on the upper surface of the welding bead, so that a good welding seam can be obtained during welding;
s3, arranging the welding assembly of claim 1 on a to-be-welded piece, arranging the gas storage bottle and the liquid nitrogen cooling tank on one side of the to-be-welded piece, and enabling the second gas pipe to be located behind the welding gun and to be opposite to the welding bead;
and S4, injecting a proper amount of liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen cooling tank, then opening the gas storage cylinder to start gas supply, and starting the welding assembly to start welding operation when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the protective gas at the outlet is lower than the highest threshold value.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the protective gas is cooled by liquid nitrogen, and is subjected to welding chilling by the cooled protective gas, so that the development of plastic strain of a welding line and a near-seam region can be effectively controlled, and the size and the range of plastic deformation are reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling residual stress and welding deformation; the welding seam is not damaged by using protective gas for welding-following chilling, the quality of the welding seam can be guaranteed to the maximum extent, and the welding quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the liquid nitrogen cooling tank of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-gas storage bottle, 2-liquid nitrogen cooling tank, 3-cooling pipe, 4-sealing cover, 5-first gas pipe, 6-second gas pipe, 7-welding gun, 8-gas outlet pipe, 9-temperature sensor, 10-laser heat source, 11-aluminum plate and 12-steel plate.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in figures 1 and 2, the welding deformation control chilling device comprises a gas storage cylinder 1 for containing protective gas, a liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2 and a welding assembly, wherein the gas storage cylinder 1 is generally a helium cylinder, an argon cylinder, a carbon dioxide cylinder or a nitrogen cylinder. Liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2 is the steel jar body, and the outside and the bottom of the jar body all wrap up in and have covered the heat insulation layer, are connected with a sealed lid 4 on the liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2, and it has the heat insulation layer to wrap up in the same on the sealed lid 4, is equipped with a charge door that is used for adding the liquid nitrogen on the sealed lid 4, also is equipped with the shutoff lid on the charge door.
Be equipped with the cooling tube 3 that the coil cloth was provided with copper in the liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2, cooling tube 3 is the dogleg and lays, and the both ends of cooling tube 3 pass sealed lid 4 and stretch out to the external jar. A first gas pipe 5 is connected between one end of the cooling pipe 3 and the gas storage bottle 1, and a second gas pipe 6 is connected between the other end of the cooling pipe 3 and the welding assembly. First gas-supply pipe 5 and second gas-supply pipe 6 all adopt the hose material, and the winding has the asbestos cloth on it.
One end of the gas outlet of the second gas pipe 6 is positioned behind the welding gun 7, a gas outlet pipe 8 is connected to the gas outlet, and a temperature sensor 9 for measuring the temperature of the gas flow is connected to the gas outlet pipe 8. The temperature sensor 9 is a thermistor type sensor, the temperature measuring range of the sensor is-50-200 ℃, the size is small, and the response speed is high. And a control box is also arranged on one side of the liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2, a controller is arranged in the control box, and the controller is in signal connection with the temperature sensor 9. The control box is also connected with an audible and visual alarm in signal connection with the controller, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 is higher than the highest threshold value of minus 10 ℃, the audible and visual alarm is started to give an alarm.
The welding assembly comprises a laser heat source 10, a welding gun 7 and a welding gun automatic walking module, and the distance and the inclination angle between the welding gun 7 and a welding bead can be freely adjusted, so that the welding process can be accurately controlled. The welded assembly is of a conventional construction and will not be described in detail.
A welding deformation controlled shock welding method with welding comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning oil stains on the surface of a to-be-welded part by using an acetone solution, and then polishing by using abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the to-be-welded part;
s2, fixing the to-be-welded part on a special fixture, coating CJ401 brazing flux on the upper surface and the lower surface of a welding bead, and coating uniformly mixed brazing filler metal on the upper surface of the welding bead, so that a good welding seam can be obtained during welding;
s3, arranging the welding assembly on a to-be-welded part, arranging the gas storage bottle 1 and the liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2 on one side of the to-be-welded part, and enabling the gas outlet of the second gas pipe 6 to be close to the weld bead;
s4, injecting a proper amount of liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen cooling tank 2, then opening the gas storage cylinder 1 to start gas supply, and starting the welding assembly to start welding operation when the temperature sensor 9 detects that the temperature of protective gas at an outlet is lower than a maximum threshold value.
The following will describe the process of the present invention in detail by taking the common welding of the steel plate 12 and the aluminum plate 11 as an example, in the following embodiment, an IPG high power fiber laser is used as a laser, and a wyerlon WSE-250 tungsten argon arc (TIG) welding machine is used as a TIG welding machine.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a plate material: A5A 06 aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 2mm and an ST04Z galvanized steel sheet 12 with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 1mm are cut by a laser cutting device, and oil stains and oxidation layers on the surfaces of the aluminum sheet 11 and the steel sheet 12 are cleaned and removed.
(2) Installing a clamp: the center surfaces of an aluminum plate 11 and a steel plate 12 are arranged on the same horizontal plane and assembled on a special clamp, a brazing flux CJ401 is coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of a weld bead, then a uniformly mixed brazing filler metal is coated on the upper surface of the weld bead, argon with the purity of 99.99% is selected as a cooling agent, and the distance between the chilling position of the argon and a TIG heat source is 10mm along with welding.
(3) Parameter adjustment: laser power 1800W; TIG arc current 33A, voltage 17V,; the walking module drives the welding gun 7 to move at a speed of 3mm/s, and the air flow speed of the cooling argon gas is 13L/min. And then, opening a TIG welding machine, starting welding operation, and performing double-sided protection on a welding line by adopting 99.99 argon gas in the welding process.
(4) And (3) test results: the peak value of the longitudinal residual tensile stress is reduced by 42.1%, the peak value of the longitudinal compressive stress is reduced by 74.4%, and the welding deformation of the outer edges of the aluminum plate 11 and the steel plate 12 is reduced by 67.9% and 69.5%, respectively.
According to GB2651-2008 'weld joint tensile test method', a tensile test is made, a wire cutting machine is adopted for processing, and a tensile property test is carried out on a WDW-300J microcomputer control electronic universal material testing machine. The detection result shows that the tensile strength of the joint reaches 125.4MPa, which is about the same as the tensile strength of 126.2 MPa of the conventional welding joint, and shows that the welding joint is not affected by argon chilling along with welding and the performance reaches the expected requirement.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a plate material: A5A 06 aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 2mm and an ST04Z galvanized steel sheet 12 with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 1mm are cut by a laser cutting device, and oil stains and oxidation layers on the surfaces of the aluminum sheet 11 and the steel sheet 12 are cleaned and removed.
(2) Installing a clamp: the aluminum plate 11 and the steel plate 12 are assembled on a special fixture with the central surfaces on the same horizontal plane, the brazing flux CJ401 is coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the weld bead, and then the uniformly mixed brazing filler metal is coated on the upper surface of the weld bead. And nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent is selected as a coolant, and the distance from the nitrogen chilling position to a TIG heat source is 8mm along with welding.
(3) Parameter adjustment: laser power 1800W; TIG arc current 34A, voltage 16.5V,; the walking module drives the welding gun 7 to move at a speed of 2.5mm/s, and the flow speed of the cooling argon gas is 14L/min. And then, opening a TIG welding machine, starting welding operation, and performing double-sided protection on a welding line by adopting 99.99 argon gas in the welding process.
(4) And (3) test results: the peak value of the longitudinal residual tensile stress is reduced by 53.8 percent, the peak value of the longitudinal compressive stress is reduced by 49.9 percent, and the welding deformation of the outer edges of the aluminum plate 11 and the steel plate 12 is reduced by 50.4 percent and 68.8 percent respectively.
According to GB2651-2008 'weld joint tensile test method', a tensile test is made, a wire cutting machine is adopted for processing, and a tensile property test is carried out on a WDW-300J microcomputer control electronic universal material testing machine. The detection result shows that the tensile strength of the joint reaches 126.4MPa, which is about the same as the tensile strength of 126.2 MPa of a conventional welding joint, and shows that the welding joint is not adversely affected by argon chilling along with welding, and the performance reaches the expected requirement.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a plate material: A5A 06 aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 2mm and an ST04Z galvanized steel sheet 12 with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 1mm are cut by a laser cutting device, and oil stains and oxidation layers on the surfaces of the aluminum sheet 11 and the steel sheet 12 are cleaned and removed.
(2) Installing a clamp: the center surfaces of an aluminum plate 11 and a steel plate 12 are arranged on the same horizontal plane and assembled on a special clamp, a brazing flux CJ401 is coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of a weld bead, a uniformly mixed brazing filler metal is coated on the upper surface of the weld bead, carbon dioxide gas with the purity of 99.99% is selected as a cooling agent, and the distance between the carbon dioxide chilling position and a TIG heat source is 10mm along with welding.
(3) Parameter adjustment: laser power 1800W; TIG arc current 32A, voltage 19V,; the walking module drives the welding gun 7 to move at a speed of 3.2mm/s, and the air flow speed of the cooling argon gas is 15L/min. And then, opening a TIG welding machine, starting welding operation, and performing double-sided protection on a welding line by adopting 99.99 argon gas in the welding process.
(4) And (3) test results: the peak value of the longitudinal residual tensile stress is reduced by 32.7%, the peak value of the longitudinal compressive stress is reduced by 59.9%, and the welding deformation of the outer edges of the aluminum plate 11 and the steel plate 12 is reduced by 73.8% and 79.3% respectively.
According to GB2651-2008 'weld joint tensile test method', a tensile test is made, a wire cutting machine is adopted for processing, and a tensile property test is carried out on a WDW-300J microcomputer control electronic universal material testing machine. The detection result shows that the tensile strength of the joint reaches 126.1MPa, which is about the same as the tensile strength of 126.2 MPa of a conventional welding joint, and shows that the welding joint is not adversely affected by argon chilling along with welding, and the performance reaches the expected requirement.
It should be noted that the above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The welding-following chilling device capable of controlling welding deformation is characterized by comprising a gas storage bottle (1) containing protective gas, a liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2) and a welding assembly, wherein a copper cooling pipe (3) arranged in a coil cloth is arranged in the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2), two ends of the cooling pipe (3) extend out of the tank body, a first gas pipe (5) is connected between one end of the cooling pipe (3) and the gas storage bottle (1), a second gas pipe (6) is connected between the other end of the cooling pipe (3) and the welding assembly, and one end of a gas outlet of the second gas pipe (6) is further provided with a temperature sensor (9) for measuring the temperature of gas flow;
the welding assembly comprises a laser heat source (10), a welding gun (7) and an automatic welding gun walking module.
2. Welding deformation controlled dip-coating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas cylinder (1) is a helium, argon, carbon dioxide or nitrogen cylinder.
3. The welding-following chilling device for controlling welding deformation according to claim 1, wherein a control box is further arranged on one side of the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2), a controller is arranged in the control box, and the controller is in signal connection with a temperature sensor (9); and the control box is also connected with an audible and visual alarm in signal connection with the controller, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (9) is higher than the highest threshold value, the audible and visual alarm is started to give an alarm.
4. The chilling apparatus with welding for controlling welding deformation according to claim 3, wherein the maximum threshold value for the audible and visual alarm to start the alarm is-8 ℃ to-15 ℃.
5. The welding-following chilling device for controlling welding deformation according to claim 1, wherein a sealing cover (4) is further arranged on the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2), two vertical through holes are formed in the sealing cover (4), and two ends of the cooling pipe (3) penetrate through the through holes; the sealing cover (4) is provided with a feed inlet for adding liquid nitrogen, and the feed inlet is connected with a blocking cover.
6. A chilling device with welding for controlling welding deformation according to claim 5, characterized in that the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2) is wrapped with heat insulating layers around and at the bottom, and the sealing cover (4) and the top of the blocking cover are also wrapped with heat insulating layers.
7. A chilling device with welding for controlling welding deformation according to claim 1, wherein the cooling pipe (3) is coiled in a zigzag shape or a spiral shape in the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2).
8. A welding deformation controlled chilling welding method along with welding is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
s1, cleaning oil stains on the surface of a to-be-welded part, and then polishing to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the to-be-welded part;
s2, fixing the to-be-welded part on a special fixture, coating the brazing flux on the upper surface and the lower surface of a welding bead, and coating the uniformly mixed brazing filler metal on the upper surface of the welding bead, so that a good welding seam can be obtained during welding;
s3, arranging the welding assembly in claim 1 on a to-be-welded part, arranging the gas storage bottle (1) and the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2) on one side of the to-be-welded part, and enabling the second gas pipe (6) to be located behind the welding gun (7), wherein the second gas pipe (6) is opposite to the welding bead;
s4, injecting a proper amount of liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen cooling tank (2), then opening the gas storage bottle (1) to start gas supply, and starting the welding assembly to start welding operation when the temperature sensor (9) detects that the temperature of protective gas at an outlet is lower than a maximum threshold value.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111922519A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Laser welding device |
| CN112792441A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-14 | 大连交通大学 | Method and device for generating single longitudinal columnar crystal welding seam |
| CN114310065A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-12 | 山东汉华工业设备有限公司 | Heat exchanger welding bead rapid cooling device |
| CN114378489A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 西安理工大学 | Device for rapidly cooling during welding and cooling method thereof |
| CN117123985A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2023-11-28 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Welding cooling auxiliary assembly |
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| CN111922519A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Laser welding device |
| CN112792441A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-14 | 大连交通大学 | Method and device for generating single longitudinal columnar crystal welding seam |
| CN114378489A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 西安理工大学 | Device for rapidly cooling during welding and cooling method thereof |
| CN114310065A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-12 | 山东汉华工业设备有限公司 | Heat exchanger welding bead rapid cooling device |
| CN114310065B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-12-06 | 山东汉华工业设备有限公司 | Heat exchanger welding bead rapid cooling device |
| CN117123985A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2023-11-28 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Welding cooling auxiliary assembly |
| CN117123985B (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-26 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Welding cooling auxiliary assembly |
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Application publication date: 20200324 |