CN113042876B - Friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting heterogeneous metal interlayer - Google Patents
Friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting heterogeneous metal interlayer Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer, belonging to the field of friction stir welding. The additive manufacturing method disclosed by the invention is convenient to operate, low in cost, good in realizability and suitable for wide-range popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer.
Background
Friction stir welding is used as a novel solid-phase welding technology, can avoid the defects of air holes, inclusions, cracks and the like common in the traditional fusion welding, and is widely applied to high-quality welding of various metals at present. With the rapid development of additive manufacturing technology, friction stir additive manufacturing technology based on the friction stir lap welding principle is also receiving more and more attention. In the friction stir material increasing manufacturing process, an initial lap joint interface of a direct stirring area of a welding tool stirring pin is crushed under the comprehensive action of a welding tool heat engine to form a new material increasing area structure, and the initial lap joint interface at the edge of the stirring pin is migrated in the vertical direction to form a hook-shaped interface structure in a weak bonding state. In the bearing process of the material adding area, the hook-shaped interface structure is extremely easy to generate high stress concentration to crack and lose efficacy, thereby reducing the mechanical property of the material. Therefore, improving the bond strength of the hook interface structure is of great importance to improving the performance of friction stir lap welded joints and even friction stir additive components.
Patent CN109877441a discloses a method for inhibiting migration of an initial lap joint interface by performing a double pass weld in the lap joint position, which, although achieving a certain effect in weakening the hook-like interface structure, applies two welding heat actions to the weld, which tends to reduce the weld performance. Patent CN104668765a discloses a method for presetting zinc, tin or zinc-tin alloy at the lap joint interface of upper and lower plates of magnesium alloy and forming a novel alloy zone by reacting the intermediate layer with magnesium alloy under the action of welding heat engine, so as to improve the bonding strength of lap joint interface. The patents CN103521912A, CN108838510a and CN104400215A improve the flow behavior of plasticized metal during welding by designing a special shaped welding tool, playing a role in suppressing the migration of friction stir welding interface and the formation of hook-shaped interface structure, but complex welding tool design tends to increase the welding manufacturing cost and complexity of the welding process.
The existing method for inhibiting the migration of the friction stir welding interface and the formation of the hook-shaped interface structure has the defects of obvious heat softening effect, lower joint performance, complex welding process, high cost and the like, and restricts the application of friction stir welding as an advanced additive manufacturing method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer, which mainly generates mutual diffusion between the heterogeneous metal interlayer and an additive plate to form solid solution metallurgical bonding, thereby improving the connection strength of an additive interface and realizing high-quality friction stir welding and high-quality friction stir additive manufacturing. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-weld preparation
Surface cleaning is carried out on the additive substrate, the additive composite board and the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the additive substrate, the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the additive composite board are sequentially overlapped and placed on a welding workbench to form a component of an additive substrate-heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board structure, wherein the heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board forms an additive component; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component;
the heterogeneous metal interlayer is a pure metal foil with the absolute value of the difference value of the atomic radius r between the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the atomic radius r of the first trace element of the additive substrate or the additive composite plate being x, and x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15r;
step 2: additive welding
Starting a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine to enable a welding tool to weld the material adding component along a linear or curved path of a welding design; the welding parameters of friction stir welding are set as follows: the inclination angle of a main shaft of the welding machine is 0-3 degrees, the rotating speed of the welding tool is 500-8000 r/min, the advancing speed of the welding tool is 10-1000 mm/min, and the pressing-in amount of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.05-0.3 mm; after welding, obtaining a friction stir material-adding component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate and compound plate' two-layer structure;
step 3: then, sequentially superposing and placing a new heterogeneous metal interlayer and an additive composite board on the upper surface of the additive composite board of the welded additive component to form a new heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board additive assembly; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component; repeating the step 2 to perform additive welding, and obtaining a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a three-layer structure of a base plate, a compound plate and a compound plate after the welding is finished;
step 4: repeating the step 3, carrying out additive welding on the N layers of additive components layer by adopting a friction stir welding method, and obtaining a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate + N layers of compound plates' N+1 layers of structures after welding;
in the step 1, the first microelements are the highest-content microelements in the additive substrate or the additive composite board;
in the step 1, the material adding composite plate is of N layers, wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
in the step 1, the material adding substrate and the material adding composite plate are made of the same material and are made of alloy materials, including aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy and titanium alloy;
in the step 1, the thickness of the plate of the additive substrate is 1.0-20 mm, and the thickness of the plate of the additive composite plate is 0.5-10 mm;
in the step 1, the thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer is 0.01 to 0.5 times of the minimum value of the thickness of the plates in the additive substrate and the additive composite plate;
in the step 1, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 2-6 times of the thickness of the welded additive assembly;
in the step 1, the length of a stirring pin of the welding tool is 0-1 mm longer than the thickness of the welded additive assembly.
Compared with the prior art, the friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting the heterogeneous metal interlayer has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the heterogeneous metal interlayer is designed into the pure metal foil with the absolute value of x, namely the difference value of the atomic radius r between the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the atomic radius r of the first trace element of the additive substrate or the additive composite board, and x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15r, so that atoms are mutually diffused between the interfaces of the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the additive substrate and the additive composite board to form a good solid solution instead of a hard brittle intermetallic compound, the bonding strength of the additive interface can be greatly improved, and a high-quality friction stir lap welding joint and a high-quality friction stir additive structure can be obtained.
2. According to the invention, the welding parameters of friction stir welding adapting to the material and thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer are set, the welding effect can achieve the effect that the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the material-increasing substrate and the material-increasing composite plate form a high-performance solid solution structure, so that heterogeneous lamellar material-increasing areas with alternately distributed soft and hard domains are formed in the thickness direction, and the heterogeneous structure can generate a back stress strengthening effect when being stretched, thereby being beneficial to obtaining more excellent strength of the material-increasing areas.
3. The breaking strength of the material-increasing area obtained by the welding method is improved by more than 1 time compared with that of the material-increasing area without the heterogeneous metal interlayer.
4. The additive manufacturing method disclosed by the invention is convenient to operate, low in cost, good in realizability and suitable for wide-range popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an additive package of step 1 of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the friction stir additive manufacturing process of step 2 of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an additive package of step 3 of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the friction stir additive manufacturing process of step 3 of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an additive package of step 4 of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the friction stir additive manufacturing process of step 4 of example 1 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-heterogeneous metal interlayer, 2-material-adding composite plate, 3-material-adding base plate, stirring pin of 4-welding tool and shaft shoulder of 5-welding tool.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the weld joint fracture strength contrast of a friction stir additive member having a two-layer structure with a pre-set heterogeneous metal interlayer obtained in step 2 of example 1 of the present invention, wherein: 1-joint breaking strength of the comparative example member at a welding speed of 100mm/min, 2-presetting joint breaking strength of the friction stir additive member of the heterogeneous metal sandwich at a welding speed of 100mm/min, 3-joint breaking strength of the comparative example member at a welding speed of 200mm/min, and 4-presetting joint breaking strength of the friction stir additive member of the heterogeneous metal sandwich at a welding speed of 200 mm/min.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a joint hook interface scanning electron microscope and an element distribution diagram of a friction stir additive member with a two-layer structure pre-set heterogeneous metal interlayer obtained in step 2 of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of a pre-welded heterogeneous copper foil interlayer of a friction stir additive member with a two-layer structure of the present invention, obtained in step 2 of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and figures 1-9, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
A friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-weld preparation
Surface cleaning is carried out on the additive substrate 3, the additive composite board 2 and the heterogeneous metal interlayer 1, the additive substrate 3, the heterogeneous metal interlayer 1 and the additive composite board 2 are sequentially overlapped and placed on a welding workbench to form a component of an additive substrate-heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board structure, as shown in figure 1, wherein the heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board forms an additive component; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component;
the additive substrate 3 and the additive composite plate 2 are made of 7B04 aluminum alloy, the thickness of the plate of the additive substrate 3 is 2mm, and the thickness of the plate of the additive composite plate 2 is 2mm; the heterogeneous metal interlayer 1 is a pure copper foil with the atomic radius of which the difference value with the atomic radius r of the first trace element Zn of the 7B04 aluminum alloy is smaller than 0.15r, and the thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer 1 is 0.05mm;
step 2: additive welding
Starting a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine to enable a welding tool to weld the material adding component along a linear path of welding design; the diameter of the shaft shoulder 5 of the welding tool is 10mm, and the length of the stirring pin 4 of the welding tool is 2.5mm, as shown in fig. 2; the welding parameters of friction stir welding are set as follows: the inclination angle of a main shaft of the welding machine is 0 degree, the rotating speed of the welding tool is 800r/min, the advancing speed of the welding tool is respectively set to be 100mm/min and 200mm/min, and the pressing-in amount of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.25mm; after welding, obtaining a friction stir material-adding component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate and compound plate' two-layer structure;
step 3: then, sequentially superposing and placing a new heterogeneous metal interlayer 1 and an additive composite board 2 on the upper surface of the additive composite board of the welded additive component to form a new heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board additive assembly, as shown in fig. 3; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component; repeating the step 2 to perform additive welding, and obtaining a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a three-layer structure of a base plate, a compound plate and a compound plate after welding is finished as shown in fig. 4;
step 4: repeating the step 3, and performing additive welding on the 6-layer additive component layer by adopting a friction stir welding method, wherein the welding process is shown in fig. 6, and after the welding is finished, a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate+6-layer composite plate' 7-layer structure is obtained;
the additive composite board is 6 layers.
In order to verify the effect of the heterogeneous metal interlayer on the joint performance, a friction stir additive member without heterogeneous metal interlayer was prepared as a comparative example member under the same other conditions and welding parameters. And (3) performing weld marking on the friction stir additive component and the comparative component of the preset heterogeneous metal interlayer obtained by welding through the method, then cutting out a tensile test piece with the same specification, and performing tensile property detection.
As shown in fig. 7, the tensile test result shows that when the welding speed is 100mm/min, the break strength of the lap welding joint of the comparative example member is 133N/mm, and the break strength of the welding joint of the friction stir additive member of the preset heterogeneous metal interlayer welded by the method of the present invention is 313N/mm; when the welding speed is 200mm/min, the breaking strength of the lap welding joint of the comparative example member is 299N/mm, and the breaking strength of the welding joint of the friction stir additive member with the preset heterogeneous metal interlayer obtained by welding through the method is 675N/mm; the preset heterogeneous metal interlayer is shown to obviously improve the mechanical property of the friction stir material-increasing structure.
Further analyzing the element distribution condition of the hook-shaped interface structure, and the result shows that after the heterogeneous metal interlayer is preset, a large amount of Zn elements diffused from the 7B04 aluminum alloy appear in the pure copper foil in the formed hook-shaped interface structure, as shown in fig. 8; x-ray diffraction analysis at the hook interface at fig. 8 showed that no intermetallic compound was found to occur, as shown in fig. 9; since the atomic radius of Zn is close to that of copper foil, the Zn and the copper foil easily form solid solution, which is beneficial to improving the bearing capacity of the hook-shaped interface structure.
Example 2
A friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-weld preparation
Surface cleaning is carried out on the additive substrate, the additive composite board and the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the additive substrate, the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the additive composite board are sequentially overlapped and placed on a welding workbench to form a component of an additive substrate-heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board structure, wherein the heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board forms an additive component; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component;
the material adding substrate and the material adding composite plate are made of AZ31B magnesium alloy, the thickness of the plate of the material adding substrate is 3mm, and the thickness of the plate of the material adding composite plate is 2mm; the heterogeneous metal interlayer is pure titanium foil with the atomic radius r of which the difference value with the atomic radius r of the first trace element Al of the AZ31B magnesium alloy is smaller than 0.15r, and the thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer is 0.05mm;
step 2: additive welding
Starting a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine to enable a welding tool to weld the material adding component along a linear path of welding design; the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 8mm, and the length of the stirring pin of the welding tool is 2.3mm; the welding parameters of friction stir welding are set as follows: the inclination angle of a main shaft of the welding machine is 0 degree, the rotating speed of the welding tool is 800r/min, the advancing speed of the welding tool is 150mm/min, and the pressing-in amount of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.20mm; after welding, obtaining a friction stir material-adding component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate and compound plate' two-layer structure;
step 3: then, sequentially superposing and placing a new heterogeneous metal interlayer and an additive composite board on the upper surface of the additive composite board of the welded additive component to form a new heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board additive assembly; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component; repeating the step 2 to perform additive welding, and obtaining a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a three-layer structure of a base plate, a compound plate and a compound plate after the welding is finished;
the additive composite board is 2 layers.
Example 3
A friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-weld preparation
Surface cleaning is carried out on the additive substrate, the additive composite board and the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the additive substrate, the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the additive composite board are sequentially overlapped and placed on a welding workbench to form a component of an additive substrate-heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board structure, wherein the heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board forms an additive component; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component;
the material adding substrate and the material adding composite plate are made of H62 copper alloy, the thickness of the plate of the material adding substrate is 2mm, and the thickness of the plate of the material adding composite plate is 1mm; the heterogeneous metal interlayer is a pure iron foil with the atomic radius of which the difference value with the atomic radius r of the first trace element Zn of the H62 copper alloy is smaller than 0.15r, and the thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer is 0.03mm;
step 2: additive welding
Starting a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine to enable a welding tool to weld the material adding component along a curve path of welding design; the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 5mm, and the length of the stirring pin of the welding tool is 1.2mm; the welding parameters of friction stir welding are set as follows: the inclination angle of a main shaft of the welding machine is 2 degrees, the rotating speed of the welding tool is 1000r/min, the advancing speed of the welding tool is 50mm/min, and the pressing-in amount of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.15mm; after welding, obtaining a friction stir material-adding component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate and compound plate' two-layer structure;
the additive composite board is 1 layer.
Example 4
A friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-weld preparation
Surface cleaning is carried out on the additive substrate, the additive composite board and the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the additive substrate, the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the additive composite board are sequentially overlapped and placed on a welding workbench to form a component of an additive substrate-heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board structure, wherein the heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board forms an additive component; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component;
the material adding substrate and the material adding composite plate are made of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, the thickness of the plate of the material adding substrate is 2mm, and the thickness of the plate of the material adding composite plate is 1mm; the heterogeneous metal interlayer is pure silver foil with the atomic radius r of which the difference value with the atomic radius r of the first trace element Al of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is smaller than 0.15r, and the thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer is 0.02mm;
step 2: additive welding
Starting a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine to enable a welding tool to weld the material adding component along a linear path of welding design; the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 4mm, and the length of the stirring pin of the welding tool is 1.3mm; the welding parameters of friction stir welding are set as follows: the inclination angle of a main shaft of the welding machine is 2 degrees, the rotating speed of the welding tool is 2000r/min, the advancing speed of the welding tool is 180mm/min, and the pressing-in amount of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.18mm; after welding, obtaining a friction stir material-adding component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate and compound plate' two-layer structure;
step 3: then, sequentially superposing and placing a new heterogeneous metal interlayer and an additive composite board on the upper surface of the additive composite board of the welded additive component to form a new heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board additive assembly; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component; repeating the step 2 to perform additive welding, and obtaining a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a three-layer structure of a base plate, a compound plate and a compound plate after the welding is finished;
step 4: repeating the step 3, carrying out additive welding on the 3-layer additive assembly layer by adopting a friction stir welding method, and obtaining a friction stir additive member with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate+3-layer composite plate' 4-layer structure after welding;
the additive composite board is 3 layers.
Claims (5)
1. The friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting the heterogeneous metal interlayer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: pre-weld preparation
Surface cleaning is carried out on the additive substrate, the additive composite board and the heterogeneous metal interlayer, the additive substrate, the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the additive composite board are sequentially overlapped and placed on a welding workbench to form a component of an additive substrate-heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board structure, wherein the heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board forms an additive component; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component;
the material adding substrate and the material adding composite plate are made of the same material and are made of alloy materials, including aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy and titanium alloy;
the heterogeneous metal interlayer is a pure metal foil with the absolute value of the difference value of the atomic radius r between the heterogeneous metal interlayer and the atomic radius r of the first trace element of the additive substrate or the additive composite plate being x, and x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15r; the first microelements are the highest-content microelements in the additive substrate or the additive composite board;
step 2: additive welding
Starting a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine to enable a welding tool to weld the material adding component along a linear or curved path of a welding design; the welding parameters of friction stir welding are set as follows: the inclination angle of a main shaft of the welding machine is 0-3 degrees, the rotating speed of a welding tool is 500-8000 r/min, the advancing speed of the welding tool is 10-1000 mm/min, and the press-in amount of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.05-0.3 mm; after welding, obtaining a friction stir material-adding component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a 'substrate and compound plate' two-layer structure;
step 3: then, sequentially superposing and placing a new heterogeneous metal interlayer and an additive composite board on the upper surface of the additive composite board of the welded additive component to form a new heterogeneous metal interlayer-additive composite board additive assembly; then clamping and positioning all the components by using a fixture; then, the welding tool is arranged on a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and is adjusted to the initial position of the material adding component; repeating the step 2 to perform additive welding, and obtaining a friction stir additive component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer of a three-layer structure of a base plate, a compound plate and a compound plate after the welding is finished;
step 4: repeating the step 3, and carrying out additive welding on the additive components layer by adopting a friction stir welding method; after welding, a friction stir material-increasing component with a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer and an N+1 layer structure of a base plate and an N layer composite plate is obtained, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
2. The friction stir additive manufacturing method of a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the thickness of a plate of the additive substrate is 1.0-20 mm, and the thickness of a plate of the additive composite plate is 0.5-10 mm.
3. The friction stir additive manufacturing method of a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the thickness of the heterogeneous metal interlayer is 0.01-0.5 times of the minimum thickness of a plate in an additive substrate and an additive composite plate.
4. The method for manufacturing the friction stir additive by presetting a heterogeneous metal interlayer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 2-6 times the thickness of the welded additive assembly.
5. The method for manufacturing a friction stir additive of a preset heterogeneous metal interlayer according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the length of a stirring pin of a welding tool is 0-1 mm longer than the thickness of a welded additive assembly.
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| CN104923927A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-23 | 南昌航空大学 | Friction stir welding-braze welding composite welding method for dissimilar metal bonding structure |
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| CN107931840A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-20 | 宝鸡文理学院 | A kind of titanium nickel dissimilar welded joint induced with laser monotectic and uniform grain Reaction Welding method |
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