CN112453758B - Welding wire for graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer and preparation method - Google Patents
Welding wire for graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453758B CN112453758B CN202011184671.XA CN202011184671A CN112453758B CN 112453758 B CN112453758 B CN 112453758B CN 202011184671 A CN202011184671 A CN 202011184671A CN 112453758 B CN112453758 B CN 112453758B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding wire for a graphene enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer, which is characterized by comprising a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. The welding wire solves the problem that the TA1-Q345 laminar composite plate cannot be directly welded and butted. Also provides a preparation method of the welding wire for the graphene reinforced TA1-Q345 middle layer. The method has simple process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material welding, and particularly relates to a welding wire for a graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer, and a preparation method of the welding wire.
Background
The TA1-Q345 laminar composite plate is prepared by explosive welding, has the characteristics of excellent corrosion resistance of TA1 and high strength of Q345, and is an ideal choice for the petrochemical industry. The reaction between the main alloying elements Ti and Fe of TA1 and Q345 produces brittle intermetallic compounds (Fe)2Ti and FeTi) causing brittle fracture when the two are directly fusion-welded. At present, the butt welding of the TA1-Q345 laminar composite plates is mainly carried out by a lap welding mode, namely, by adding a cover plate structure, welding TA1 and TA1, and welding Q345 and Q345 without welding an intermediate layer. The welding method has complex process and difficult operation, and is difficult to realize engineering application, so the development of an intermediate layer welding material for realizing direct fusion welding connection of the TA1-Q345 composite plate is urgently needed.
The existing research results show that copper is the most ideal welding material for realizing the welding of the titanium and steel dissimilar materials. For a conventional titanium-steel butt joint, after a copper welding wire is adopted for welding, the heterojunction mainly takes a copper-based solid solution as a main component, and has better plasticity and toughness. However, butt welding of composite panels is more difficult than conventional butt welding of dissimilar materials. The butt welding of composite plates inevitably causes the simultaneous melting of the base materials (titanium and steel), and also considers the transition problem between the base materials and the surrounding welding seam. In order to ensure the excellent corrosion resistance of the composite plate butt joint, the welding of the titanium welding wire is required to be carried out on the copper-based welding wire after the welding, namely the connection of titanium layers on two sides is realized. Due to the existence of the copper welding seam of the middle layer, when the titanium welding wire is welded, Cu in the copper welding seam reacts with Ti in the titanium welding wire to generate a plurality of Cu-Ti intermetallic compounds. Although the ductility and toughness of the Cu-Ti intermetallic compound are better than those of the Fe-Ti intermetallic compound, when the Cu-Ti intermetallic compound exists in a large amount, the titanium welding seam has high brittleness, and the cracking and the rapid propagation of cracks are easy to occur in the subsequent loading process. Therefore, it is necessary to add various alloy elements to the copper-based welding wire, control the content of the brittle phase of Fe-Ti, and improve the type, size and distribution form of the intermetallic compound of Cu-Ti in the welding line, thereby improving the joint performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding wire for a graphene-reinforced TA1-Q345 middle layer, and solves the problem that a TA1-Q345 layered composite plate cannot be directly subjected to fusion welding and butt joint.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the welding wire for the graphene-reinforced TA1-Q345 middle layer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the welding wire for the intermediate layer of the graphene enhanced TA1-Q345 is characterized by comprising a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the granularity of 4 kinds of metal powder is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 mu m.
The welding skin is a red copper strip, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
The filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that the preparation method of the welding wire for the intermediate layer of the graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: placing the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at the temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
In the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the flux-cored wire prepared by the method has a smaller diameter ratio and a wire diameter of 1.2mm, is widely applicable, and can be used for TIG welding and MIG welding;
(2) v, Nb element is used as main component of the powder in the flux-cored wire, and is important for directly connecting TA1-Q345 laminar composite plates by fusion welding and selecting and applying the material of the intermediate layer. From the Ti-V, Ti-Nb binary phase diagram, the V and Nb elements react with the Ti element at high temperature to generate a beta-Ti solid solution with better toughness, thereby reducing the reaction between the Ti element and the Fe element to generate a brittle intermetallic compound. Si element in the flux-cored wire can react with graphene in situ to generate trace SiC, so that the toughness of the joint is improved. On one hand, the graphene in the flux-cored wire can improve the strength of the middle layer welding seam; on the other hand, due to the high melting point, when the titanium welding wire is welded on the middle layer, the graphene in the middle layer reacts with the Ti element in the titanium welding line in situ to synthesize TiC. The fine TiC can provide mass points for nucleation of the Cu-Ti phase, so that the size of the Cu-Ti phase in the welding line is refined, and the toughness of the welding line is improved. The main component of the flux-cored wire welding skin is Cu, the melting point of Cu element is lower than that of Ti and Fe, and when the middle layer is welded, lower heat input can be selected, so that the burning loss of graphene can be reduced. Brittle intermetallic compounds are not formed between Cu and Fe, and a plurality of compounds with relatively good plasticity and toughness can be generated by the reaction between Cu and Ti, so that Fe in the welding line is inhibited2Generation of brittle phases of Ti and FeTi;
(3) an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed in the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, the Q345 layer is welded at the groove on the Q345 side by using an ER50-6 welding wire (MIG welding), and then the middle layer is welded at the groove on the TA1 side by using the flux-cored wire (TIG welding). Finally, welding a TA1 layer by using an ERTi-1 welding wire (TIG welding), wherein the obtained welding joint has excellent obdurability;
(4) the flux-cored wire has less alloy elements, simple preparation process and convenient large-scale batch production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope microstructure topography of a middle layer weld and a Q345 interface when a TA1-Q345 layered composite plate is welded with the flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope microstructure morphology of an interface between a middle layer weld and a TA1-Q345 composite plate when the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate is welded by the flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope microstructure topography of a middle layer weld joint and an ERTi-1 weld joint of the flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention when a TA1-Q345 layered composite plate is welded.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a welding wire for a graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Wherein the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 mu m.
The welding skin is a red copper strip, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
The filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
The flux-cored wire comprises the following components in parts by weight:
cu element is used as the main alloy element of the flux-cored wire and reacts with Fe element to generate copper-based solid solution and iron-based solid solution with good plasticity and toughness, and brittle intermetallic compounds are not generated, so that the effect of diluting Fe in welding seams can be achieved2The brittle intermetallic compounds of Ti and FeTi. Meanwhile, the copper-based solid solution has a low melting point and is generally distributed around the brittle Fe-Ti intermetallic compound, so that the generation of cracks in the Fe-Ti phase can be suppressed. According to the Cu-Ti binary phase diagram, Cu element and Ti element react to generate a plurality of toughnessPreferred Cu-Ti series compounds (Cu)4Ti，CuTi2CuTi, etc.). The reaction between the two elements consumes part of Ti element in the molten pool, thereby reducing the reaction between Fe element and Ti element to generate brittle intermetallic compounds. The Cu is used as a main element of the welding seam of the middle layer, and the melting point of the Cu is low, so that low heat input can be adopted in the welding process of the middle layer, thereby reducing the massive melting of the parent metal TA1-Q345 and fundamentally controlling the contents of Fe and Ti elements in the welding seam;
v, Nb element is used as the main component of the traditional Chinese medicine powder in the flux-cored wire, and since the weldability of V, Nb element and Ti element is close, a continuous solid solution can be formed during fusion welding connection, the toughness is good, and the bonding strength of the middle layer welding seam and the capping ERTi-1 welding seam can be improved; v, Nb element reacts with Fe element to generate Fe-V and Fe-Nb compounds with hardness far less than that of Fe-Ti phase, and the compounds are dispersed in the welding seam of the middle layer under the stirring action of electric arc due to high melting point, so as to play a role in strengthening the welding seam. Ag element can react with Cu and Ti to generate eutectic phase with better toughness, and the plastic toughness of the joint is improved. The melting point of the Ag element is low, so that the heat input in the middle layer welding process can be further reduced, and the melting of the base metal of TA1-Q345 is reduced.
Graphene (Graphene) is formed from carbon atoms in sp2The hexagonal honeycomb lattice two-dimensional material consists of hybrid tracks. The graphene has excellent performance, the physical and mechanical properties of the graphene are far higher than those of other materials, and the specific surface area of the graphene is 2630m2The strength is 130GPa, and the thermal conductivity is 5000W/(m.K). Graphene and Ti element can react at high temperature to generate micron-scale or even nano-scale TiC particles which are dispersed and distributed in the ERTi-1 welding line to form second phase reinforcement. The fine TiC particles can also be used as nucleation particles of Cu-Ti, so that continuously distributed Cu-Ti compounds are broken, and the ductility and toughness of the welding seam are further improved. Graphene and Si can react in situ to generate a small amount of SiC particles, and the effect of improving the toughness of the joint can be achieved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the welding wire for the graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
in the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
Step 2: placing the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at the temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
in the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
And 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
Example 1
Step 1: respectively weighing 30% of V powder, 40% of Nb powder, 19.9% of Ag powder, 10% of Si powder and 0.1% of graphene according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: putting the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at 280 ℃ for 3 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
In the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled at 30 wt%.
The welding wire for the middle layer of the graphene-reinforced TA1-Q345 prepared in example 1 is matched with an ERTi-1 welding wire (TA1 layer) and an ER50-6 welding wire (Q345 layer) to weld a TA1-Q345 composite plate. The welding process comprises the following steps: an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed in the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, the Q345 layer is welded at the groove on the Q345 side by using an ER50-6 welding wire (MIG welding), the middle layer is welded at the groove on the TA1 side by using the flux-cored wire (TIG welding), and finally the TA1 layer is welded by using an ERTi-1 welding wire (TIG welding). The welding current of the Q345 layer is 180-220A, the welding current of the middle layer is 100-120A, and the welding current of the TA1 layer is as follows: 100-.
Through tests, the mechanical properties of the welding joint are as follows: the tensile strength is 457MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 13 percent.
Example 2
Step 1: weighing 40% of V powder, 30% of Nb powder, 20% of Ag powder, 9.7% of Si powder and 0.3% of graphene according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: putting the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at 280 ℃ for 3 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
In the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 35 wt%.
The welding wire for the middle layer of the graphene-reinforced TA1-Q345 prepared in example 2 is matched with an ERTi-1 welding wire (TA1 layer) and an ER50-6 welding wire (Q345 layer) to weld a TA1-Q345 composite plate. The welding process comprises the following steps: an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed in the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, the Q345 layer is welded at the groove on the Q345 side by using an ER50-6 welding wire (MIG welding), the middle layer is welded at the groove on the TA1 side by using the flux-cored wire (TIG welding), and finally the TA1 layer is welded by using an ERTi-1 welding wire (TIG welding). The welding current of the Q345 layer is 180-220A, the welding current of the middle layer is 100-120A, and the welding current of the TA1 layer is as follows: 100-.
Through tests, the mechanical properties of the welding joint are as follows: tensile strength of 498MPa and elongation after fracture of 20 percent.
The flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 is welded with a TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, wherein FIG. 1 is the microstructure morphology of the scanning electron microscope of the interface between the middle layer welding seam and the Q345, and FIG. 2 is the microstructure morphology of the scanning electron microscope of the interface between the middle layer welding seam and the TA1-Q345 composite plate. As can be seen from the scanning electron microscope pictures, the middle layer welding seam is well jointed with the Q345 and the TA1, and welding defects such as macrocracks and the like are avoided. FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of the welding seam of the intermediate layer and the ERTi-1 welding seam by a scanning electron microscope, and it can be seen that the transition between the welding seam of the intermediate layer and the ERTi-1 welding seam is uniform without common defects such as air holes, cracks and the like.
Example 3
Step 1: respectively weighing 39.5% of V powder, 40% of Nb powder, 10% of Ag powder, 10% of Si powder and 0.5% of graphene according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%;
step 2: placing the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 5 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
In the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled at 30 wt%.
The welding wire for the middle layer of the graphene-reinforced TA1-Q345 prepared in example 3 is matched with an ERTi-1 welding wire (TA1 layer) and an ER50-6 welding wire (Q345 layer) to weld a TA1-Q345 composite plate. The welding process comprises the following steps: an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed in the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, the Q345 layer is welded at the groove on the Q345 side by using an ER50-6 welding wire (MIG welding), the middle layer is welded at the groove on the TA1 side by using the flux-cored wire (TIG welding), and finally the TA1 layer is welded by using an ERTi-1 welding wire (TIG welding). The welding current of the Q345 layer is 180-220A, the welding current of the middle layer is 100-120A, and the welding current of the TA1 layer is as follows: 100-.
Through tests, the mechanical properties of the welding joint are as follows: tensile strength is 475MPa, and elongation after fracture is 8%.
Example 4
Step 1: weighing 40% of V powder, 34.5% of Nb powder, 20% of Ag powder, 5% of Si powder and 0.5% of graphene according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: putting the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at 290 ℃ for 4 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 460 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
In the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 33 wt%.
The welding wire for the middle layer of the graphene-reinforced TA1-Q345 prepared in example 4 is matched with an ERTi-1 welding wire (TA1 layer) and an ER50-6 welding wire (Q345 layer) to weld a TA1-Q345 composite plate. The welding process comprises the following steps: an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed in the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, the Q345 layer is welded at the groove on the Q345 side by using an ER50-6 welding wire (MIG welding), the middle layer is welded at the groove on the TA1 side by using the flux-cored wire (TIG welding), and finally the TA1 layer is welded by using an ERTi-1 welding wire (TIG welding). The welding current of the Q345 layer is 180-220A, the welding current of the middle layer is 100-120A, and the welding current of the TA1 layer is as follows: 100-.
Through tests, the mechanical properties of the welding joint are as follows: tensile strength is 456MPa, and elongation after fracture is 17%.
Example 5
Step 1: respectively weighing 40% of V powder, 40% of Nb powder, 12% of Ag powder, 7.8% of Si powder and 0.2% of graphene according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: putting the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at 280 ℃ for 3 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99%, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 microns.
In the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm.
In step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 32 wt%.
The graphene-reinforced welding wire for the middle layer of TA1-Q345 prepared in example 5 is matched with an ERTi-1 welding wire (TA1 layer) and an ER50-6 welding wire (Q345 layer) to weld a TA1-Q345 composite plate. The welding process comprises the following steps: an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed in the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate, the Q345 layer is welded at the groove on the Q345 side by using an ER50-6 welding wire (MIG welding), the middle layer is welded at the groove on the TA1 side by using the flux-cored wire (TIG welding), and finally the TA1 layer is welded by using an ERTi-1 welding wire (TIG welding). The welding current of the Q345 layer is 180-220A, the welding current of the middle layer is 100-120A, and the welding current of the TA1 layer is as follows: 100-.
Through tests, the mechanical properties of the welding joint are as follows: the tensile strength is 480MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 7%.
When the filling rate of the flux-cored wire powder is controlled to be 30-35%, and the weight percentage of V powder, Nb powder, Ag powder, Si powder and graphene is 40%, 30%, 20%, 9.7% and 0.3%, the TA1-Q345 layered composite plate is welded to obtain a welding seam with the best molding effect, the least defects and the better mechanical property.
Claims (2)
1. The welding wire for the intermediate layer of the graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 is characterized by comprising a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the granularity of 4 kinds of metal powder is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 mu m;
the welding skin is a red copper strip, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm;
the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
2. The preparation method of the welding wire for the graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1: respectively weighing 30-40% of V powder, 30-40% of Nb powder, 10-20% of Ag powder, 5-10% of Si powder and 0.1-0.5% of graphene according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: placing the V powder, the Nb powder, the Ag powder, the Si powder and the graphene weighed in the step 1 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating at the temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; placing the dried medicinal powder in a powder mixer for fully mixing;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing grinding tool is 2.5 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process drawing is finished, the aperture of the grinding tool is changed to 2.4mm, 2.3mm, 2.2mm, 2.1mm, 2.0mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.7mm and 1.6mm in sequence for drawing;
and 5: carrying out heat treatment on the flux-cored wire prepared in the step 4 in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
step 6: drawing the flux-cored wire subjected to the heat treatment in the step 5 by grinding tools with apertures of 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.3mm and 1.2mm in sequence to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm;
and 7: after the flux-cored wire is completely drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby;
in the step 1, the purity of V powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Nb powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Ag powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of Si powder is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the granularity of 4 metal powders is 200 meshes, and the average diameter of graphene is 10 mu m;
in the step 3, the red copper strip is a welding skin, the thickness of the red copper strip is 0.3mm, and the width of the red copper strip is 7 mm;
in the step 3, the filling amount of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 30-35 wt%.
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| CN104942462A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-30 | 西安理工大学 | Cu-V-Nb welding wire for titanium and pipeline steel welding and manufacturing method thereof |
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