CN114393309A - Welding material and method for preparing titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc - Google Patents
Welding material and method for preparing titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc Download PDFInfo
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- CN114393309A CN114393309A CN202210025485.4A CN202210025485A CN114393309A CN 114393309 A CN114393309 A CN 114393309A CN 202210025485 A CN202210025485 A CN 202210025485A CN 114393309 A CN114393309 A CN 114393309A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 380
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 188
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017827 Cu—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, which comprises near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and a copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding; the welding material is specially used for solving the cracking problem caused by metallurgical incompatibility in the preparation process of the titanium-steel structure. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc and a preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, a preparation method of the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, and a preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc.
Background
The heterogeneous structure of titanium and steel combines the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium and the high strength of steel, and is an ideal choice for the petrochemical industry. However, during the preparation of the titanium-steel structure, the reaction of Ti and Fe inevitably occurs, which results in the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, affecting the performance of the titanium-steel composite structure. Therefore, the development of the welding material of the transition layer is a precondition for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure.
The transition layer weld material forms a strong titanium-steel gradient joint by inhibiting or preventing the reaction between Ti and Fe. However, researches have found that a single transition layer material has certain limitations in the preparation of a titanium-steel gradient structure, such as the inability to fundamentally block diffusion paths of Ti and Fe elements. In addition, the preparation of the titanium-steel gradient structure is generally carried out by adopting an arc welding method, and the method has the advantages of flexible operation, high efficiency and the like. However, when the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by adopting single arc welding, the heat input is relatively high during the arc welding, so that the melting of a matrix is more, and the performance of the whole structure is influenced.
In summary, in order to obtain a high-quality titanium-steel gradient structure, it is necessary to use various welding materials and various welding processes to fully exert their respective advantages from the beginning of the welding materials and the welding processes, so as to comprehensively regulate and control the performance of the titanium-steel gradient structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc, which is specially used for solving the cracking problem caused by metallurgical incompatibility in the preparation process of the titanium-steel structure.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by compounding laser and electric arc, and comprises near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and copper-based welding wires for electric arc welding;
the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder and 10.0-20.0% of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises powder and a welding skin, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the purity of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder are both more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
The granularity of the powder used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is 100-200 meshes.
The welding skin used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is a copper strip, the thickness of the copper strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the copper strip is 7 mm.
The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is controlled to be 20-25 wt.%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is a preparation method for preparing the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder; in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(2) the preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder and 10.0-20.0% of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder; in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(3) the preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 200-250 ℃ for 1-3 h, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2-6 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is a preparation method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc, wherein the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by compounding the laser and the electric arc on a steel matrix by adopting the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: step one, carrying out laser cladding by adopting the near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5-1 mm; secondly, overlaying the laser cladding layer by using the copper-based welding wire for arc welding, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1-2 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by using the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5-1 mm;
(3) and finally, carrying out arc surfacing on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled below 50 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the composite process of laser cladding and arc surfacing to prepare the titanium-steel gradient structure, and fully utilizes the advantages between the two processes (high laser cladding precision and high arc surfacing efficiency) so as to obtain the high-quality titanium-steel gradient structure.
(2) Laser cladding of a near-steel layer is carried out on a steel matrix, and the powder mainly comprises Ni and Cu. The Ni element mainly plays a role in connecting a bottom steel matrix, and the Cu element mainly plays a role in connecting a copper-based surfacing welding seam on the upper surface. Laser cladding of a near titanium layer is carried out on a copper-based surfacing welding seam, and the powder mainly comprises V, Nb and Ag. Wherein, V and Nb mainly play a role in connecting a copper-based surfacing welding seam with an upper titanium welding seam, and Ag mainly plays a role in improving the plasticity and toughness of the welding seam.
(3) The laser cladding powder and the welding wire for arc surfacing are added with various alloy elements, so that the plasticity and toughness of the gradient layer can be comprehensively regulated and controlled.
(4) According to the invention, laser cladding is respectively carried out on the upper side and the lower side of the copper-based arc surfacing layer, so that the metallurgical reaction between the lower Fe and the upper Ti can be effectively blocked.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gradient structure of titanium-steel prepared by a laser and arc composite method adopted in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure of a laser cladding layer of a near-steel layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2.
Fig. 3 is a microstructure of a copper-based overlay in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2.
Fig. 4 is a microstructure of a laser cladding layer near a titanium layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope observation of the tensile fracture of the titanium-steel gradient structure prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, which comprises near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and a copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding;
the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder and 10.0-20.0% of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises powder and a welding skin, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the purity of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder are both more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
The granularity of the powder used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is 100-200 meshes.
The welding skin used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is a copper strip, the thickness of the copper strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the copper strip is 7 mm.
The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is controlled to be 20-25 wt.%.
(1) The main components in the laser cladding alloy powder have the following functions:
1) the laser cladding powder of the near steel layer comprises the following components of Ni, Cu and Fe: the Ni element is a main component, and the weldability between Ni and Fe, and between Ni and Cu is good, so that the effect of connecting the bottom steel matrix and the overlaying layer of the middle copper-based flux-cored wire can be realized; the Cu element has the functions of improving the combination of the laser cladding layer and the overlaying layer of the middle copper-based flux-cored wire and reducing the melting point of the laser cladding layer; the addition of the Fe element can realize the gradual element transition process from the bottom Fe matrix to the overlaying layer of the middle copper-based flux-cored wire, and avoid stress concentration caused by the violent transition phenomenon of the elements.
2) The laser cladding powder of the near titanium layer comprises the following elements of V, Nb, Ag and B: v is a main element, and the V-Ti binary phase diagram shows that the V and the Ti can be infinitely dissolved, so that the V is taken as the main element to ensure the metallurgical bonding between the titanium surfacing welding seam and the laser cladding layer. The Nb element and the Ti can be in solid solution indefinitely, so that the bonding strength between the laser cladding layer and the titanium welding seam can be further improved. During titanium layer surfacing, the welding seam can not avoid the fusion of Cu element, and according to an Ag-Cu-Ti ternary phase diagram, the three can generate an eutectic structure with better plasticity and toughness, so that the addition of Ag is mainly used for generating ternary eutectic, and the generation of Cu-Ti intermetallic compounds between the laser cladding layer and the titanium layer is reduced. The addition of the B element can improve the wettability of the titanium welding seam when the titanium welding seam is welded on the laser cladding layer.
(2) The main alloy components in the copper-based flux-cored wire for electric arc welding have the following functions and functions:
the flux-cored wire comprises the following components of Cu, Nb, Co, Ag, Mo, B, Si and Mn: the welding wire mainly contains Cu, and according to a Cu-Fe binary phase diagram, a welding seam (ER50-6) between Cu and bottom steel does not generate a brittle phase, and according to the records of the prior literature, a copper and steel welding joint can obtain better performance. Therefore, the transition layer welding wire of the invention mainly adopts Cu element. In addition, the laser cladding layer close to the steel layer also contains Cu element, and the Cu element and the copper-based flux-cored wire can form better combination.
The copper-based flux-cored wire is added with the Nb element, so that the toughness of a welding seam of a copper-based transition layer is improved, and a good metallurgical bonding is formed with a laser cladding layer of a near titanium layer because a certain amount of Nb element exists in the laser cladding layer of the near titanium layer. In the invention, in order to further improve the obdurability of the copper-based welding line, Co and Mo alloy elements are also added, and the addition of Co and Mo can fully ensure the oxidation resistance of a molten pool at high temperature, thereby improving the strength of the molten pool. The strength improvement effect of Mo is remarkable, and the strength of the welding seam can be effectively improved by adding a small amount of Mo.
The Ag element is added, the Ag can form a ternary continuous eutectic structure with the Cu in the copper-based transition layer and the Ti in the titanium layer, the structure has good toughness, and a Cu-Ti coarse brittle structure generated between the Cu and the Ti can be effectively reduced, so that the cracking resistance of a welding line of the transition layer is improved.
In order to reduce the melting point of the copper-based welding line of the electric arc welding and reduce the fusion ratio with two sides, B, Si element is added in the welding wire. The two elements can also fully improve the wettability of the copper-based welding seam for electric arc welding and the laser cladding layer of the bottom near-steel layer.
In addition, a small amount of Mn element is added, Mn has a certain effect on improving the strength of the welding seam, and in addition, Mn also has the effects of deoxidation and desulfurization, so that the generation of oxide and sulfide defects in the welding seam of the transition layer is reduced.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder; in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(2) the preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder and 10.0-20.0% of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder; in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(3) the preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 200-250 ℃ for 1-3 h, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2-6 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc, which is characterized in that the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by compounding the laser and the electric arc on a steel matrix by adopting the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc, and as shown in figure 1, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5-1 mm; secondly, overlaying welding is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire for arc welding, and the thickness of the overlaying welding layer is 1-2 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting near titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5-1 mm;
(3) and finally, carrying out arc surfacing on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled below 50 ℃.
Example 1
The preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 60.0 percent of Ni powder, 30.0 percent of Cu powder and 10.0 percent of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As the atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure was 6And (MPa), keeping the superheat degree of the melt between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomization process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0 percent of V powder, 30.0 percent of Nb powder, 10.0 percent of Ag powder and 20.0 percent of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 20.0% of Nb powder, 10.0% of Co powder, 10.0% of Ag powder, 5.0% of Mo powder, 5.0% of B powder, 5.0% of Si powder, 5.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200 ℃ for 1h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
And 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5mm, and the interlayer temperature is 70 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5 mm; secondly, overlaying a copper-based welding wire on the laser cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting near titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5 mm;
(3) and finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 50 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 451 MPa.
Example 2
The preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0% of Cu powder and 10.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60.0 percent of V powder, 20.0 percent of Nb powder, 10.0 percent of Ag powder and 10.0 percent of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: 30.0 percent of Nb powder, 20.0 percent of Co powder, 20.0 percent of Ag powder, 10.0 percent of Mo powder, 10.0 percent of B powder, 5.0 percent of Si powder and 5.0 percent of Mn powder are respectively weighed according to the mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 250 ℃ for 3 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 6 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
And 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 7mm, and the interlayer temperature is 60 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: step one, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 1 mm; secondly, overlaying welding is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire, and the thickness of the overlaying welding layer is 2 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting near titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 1 mm;
(3) and finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 7mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 20 ℃.
The tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 470MPa through testing.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure of a laser cladding layer of a near-steel layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2. As can be seen from the figure, due to the high cooling speed of laser cladding, the laser cladding layer mainly comprises the austenite structure of the cellular dendrite, and the directionality of the cellular dendrite is strong.
Fig. 3 is a microstructure of a copper-based overlay in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2. As can be seen from the figure, a certain amount of lath Cu-Ti compounds exist in the transition layer of the copper-based flux-cored wire. No defects were found in the welds.
Fig. 4 is a microstructure of a laser cladding layer near a titanium layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2. As can be seen from the figure, the laser cladding layer near the titanium layer is mainly based on cellular dendrites, which is mainly caused by the fast cooling speed of the laser cladding process. The side laser cladding layer has uniform tissue distribution, and no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like are found.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope observation of the tensile fracture of the titanium-steel gradient structure prepared in example 2. In the process of stretching the titanium-steel gradient structure, the fracture position is in the welding line of the copper-based transition layer, and as can be seen from the figure, certain cleavage morphologies exist on the fracture surface, and the cleavage morphologies are mainly composed of Cu-Ti compounds in combination with the EDS result.
Example 3
The preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 60.0 percent of Ni powder, 20.0 percent of Cu powder and 20.0 percent of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50.0 percent of V powder, 25.0 percent of Nb powder, 12.0 percent of Ag powder and 13.0 percent of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 25.0% of Nb powder, 15.0% of Co powder, 15.0% of Ag powder, 6.0% of Mo powder, 6.0% of B powder, 10.0% of Si powder, 10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 220 ℃ for 2 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 3 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
And 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 6mm, and the interlayer temperature is 50 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.7 mm; secondly, overlaying a copper-based welding wire on the laser cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1.5 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting near titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.7 mm;
(3) and finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 6mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 30 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 433 MPa.
Example 4
The preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 61.0 percent of Ni powder, 24.0 percent of Cu powder and 15.0 percent of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, so thatN2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 47.0 percent of V powder, 27.0 percent of Nb powder, 16.0 percent of Ag powder and 12.0 percent of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: 27.0 percent of Nb powder, 14.0 percent of Co powder, 14.0 percent of Ag powder, 9.0 percent of Mo powder, 8.0 percent of B powder, 8.0 percent of Si powder, 8.0 percent of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder are weighed according to the mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 240 ℃ for 1.5h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixing machine for fully mixing for 5 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
And 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 6.2mm, and the interlayer temperature is 30 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.6 mm; secondly, overlaying a copper-based welding wire on the laser cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1.8 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting near titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.6 mm;
(3) and finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 6.2mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 40 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 457 MPa.
Example 5
The preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 66.0% of Ni powder, 22.0% of Cu powder and 12.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 44.0 percent of V powder, 21.0 percent of Nb powder, 20.0 percent of Ag powder and 15.0 percent of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
In step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: 26.0 percent of Nb powder, 11.0 percent of Co powder, 19.0 percent of Ag powder, 9.0 percent of Mo powder, 7.0 percent of B powder, 6.0 percent of Si powder, 9.0 percent of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder are weighed according to the mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 210 ℃ for 2.3 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 4 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
And 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5.3mm, and the interlayer temperature is 60 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.8 mm; secondly, overlaying a copper-based welding wire on the laser cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1.8 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting near titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.7 mm;
(3) and finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5.3mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 25 ℃.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 477 MPa.
In examples 1 to 5, the purity of both the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder was not less than 99.9%. The granularity of the powder used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is 100-200 meshes. The welding skin used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is a copper strip, the thickness of the copper strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the copper strip is 7 mm. The powder filling rate of the copper-based wire for arc welding in examples 1-2 was controlled to 20 wt.%. The powder filling rate of the copper-based wire for arc welding in examples 3 to 4 was controlled to 25 wt.%. The powder filling rate of the copper-based wire for arc welding in example 5 was controlled to 22 wt.%.
Claims (7)
1. The welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by compounding laser and electric arc, and is characterized by comprising near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and copper-based welding wires for electric arc welding;
the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder and 10.0-20.0% of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises powder and a welding skin, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
2. The welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure prepared by the laser and arc composite method according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the purity of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder are both more than or equal to 99.9%.
3. The welding material for titanium-steel gradient structure prepared by combining laser and electric arc according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of the powder used by the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is 100-200 meshes.
4. The welding material for titanium-steel gradient structure prepared by the combination of laser and electric arc as claimed in claim 1, wherein the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is a copper strip with a thickness of 0.4mm and a width of 7 mm.
5. The welding material for titanium-steel gradient structure preparation through laser and arc compounding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is controlled to be 20-25 wt.%.
6. The preparation method of the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the preparation method of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder; in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(2) the preparation method of the near titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder and 10.0-20.0% of B powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting aerial fogPulverizing by a chemical method; in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(3) the preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 200-250 ℃ for 1-3 h, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2-6 h;
and step 3: removing grease on the surface of the red copper strip by using alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step (2) in the red copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
7. The method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc is characterized in that the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted to prepare the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc on a steel matrix, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, overlaying a steel substrate, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: step one, carrying out laser cladding by adopting the near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5-1 mm; secondly, overlaying the laser cladding layer by using the copper-based welding wire for arc welding, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1-2 mm; thirdly, performing laser cladding on the surfacing layer by using the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 0.5-1 mm;
(3) and finally, carrying out arc surfacing on the laser cladding layer by adopting an ERTi-1 welding wire to prepare a titanium layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled below 50 ℃.
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