CN107930645A - 一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂及其在催化加氢反应的应用 - Google Patents
一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂及其在催化加氢反应的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- KIIUTKAWYISOAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Ag] KIIUTKAWYISOAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WXYNCCWBUXKSBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;nitric acid Chemical compound [Cu].O[N+]([O-])=O WXYNCCWBUXKSBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 5
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical compound [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHWBNBUOVDGUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].[S].[Mo] Chemical compound [Pt].[S].[Mo] LHWBNBUOVDGUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- -1 thio ammonium molybdate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/898—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with vanadium, tantalum, niobium or polonium
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Abstract
本发明提供一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂及其在催化加氢反应的应用,具体制备方法为:将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,蒸发去除溶剂,真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体;将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂加热搅拌,得到前驱体溶胶;将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,经冷冻干燥处理使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于高温烧焙,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂及其在催化加氢反应的应用。
背景技术
对氨基苯酚是一种重要的有机化工中间体,在医药、染料等行业有着广泛的应用,对硝基苯酚催化加氢法制备对氨基苯酚具有无污染、工艺简单等优点,具有较广阔的发展前景。
中国专利CN 102658125B公开的一种硝基苯催化加氢制对氨基苯酚的催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂以椰壳载体活性炭为载体,铂为主催化剂,硫化钼为助催化剂,是将氯铂酸浸渍于硝酸纯化后的活性炭中,加入碱液和过量的水合肼处理,使氯铂酸还原完全,得到铂碳催化剂,再浸渍于四硫代钼酸铵溶液中,取出干燥后,在氢气氛围下高温焙烧还原,得到硫化钼-铂/碳催化剂。虽然负载纳米镍、铂和钼等贵金属元素对对硝基苯酚氢化具有优良的催化性能,但其粒径细小,导致催化剂与产品的分离比较困难。
多孔陶瓷是一种含有一定孔隙的无机非金属粉末烧结体,与其他无机非金属致密陶瓷相比,多孔陶瓷具有较高的气孔率,体积密度小,比表面积大,负载量好,具有良好的化学物理惰性,被广泛应用于生物医疗,环保等领域。中国专利CN 1065852C公开的钯/陶瓷复合膜反应器中的气相催化脱氢和加氢耦合反应,是以陶瓷基膜为原料,采用化学镀的方法,在陶瓷基膜修饰的表面上沉积厚度为1-10μm的金属钯层,得到钯/陶瓷复合膜反应器,该钯/陶瓷复合膜反应器的两侧分别进行脱氢和加氢反应,相当于轴向平行加料,易于控制反应速率,但是该钯/陶瓷复合膜反应器中陶瓷仅作为载体,钯为催化活性材料,因此制备的复合膜催化加氢效率不高,不利于工业化生产。
本发明在负载贵金属的多孔陶瓷的基础上进行改性,从多孔陶瓷的材料以及负载体方面进行考虑,力求得到比表面积大,催化活性高,催化加氢活性高的多孔陶瓷催化剂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂及其在催化加氢反应的应用,将将球磨后的微纳米级钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体和含镍的纤维素溶胶为主要原料,借助胶黏剂提高两者的结合力,固化定型后经冷冻干燥升华、高温煅烧去除粘结剂,并促使钽铌酸银钠前驱体形成钽铌酸银钠以及纤维素碳化形成多孔碳结构,因此得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,所述负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的基材为多孔碳材料,负载物为钽铌酸银钠陶瓷,所述负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂由冷冻干燥和高温焙烧得到。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述的一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体;
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂加热搅拌,得到前驱体溶胶;
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,经冷冻干燥处理使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于高温烧焙,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体中银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,球磨粉碎的前驱体固体的粒径为微纳米级。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.5-0.8:1-1.5。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为40-50%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,粘结剂为PVA,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的1-3%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,冷冻干燥的温度为-10℃,时间为12-24h。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,高温烧焙的温度为600-800℃,时间为2-6h。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂可用于催化加氢反应中。
优选地,负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂用于硝基苯的催化加氢反应中。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明制备的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的原料为钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体和含镍的纤维素溶胶,将球磨后的微纳米级钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体均匀分散于含镍的纤维素溶胶中,借助胶黏剂提高两者的结合力,固化定型后经冷冻干燥升华去除体系中的溶剂,得到多孔坯体,再经高温煅烧去除粘结剂,并促使钽铌酸银钠前驱体形成钽铌酸银钠以及纤维素碳化形成多孔碳结构,因此得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
本发明制备的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂将钽铌酸银钠作为催化活性材料,负载于多孔碳结构中,借助冷冻干燥技术和高温煅烧技术,使钽铌酸银钠均匀的分散于多孔碳结构中,在不影响多孔碳结构比表面积的基础上,提高了催化剂的催化加氢的均匀性,对多种化学物均有良好的催化加氢作用,尤其对硝基苯的催化加氢作用显著。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
(1)按照银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3,将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体。
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎至微纳米级,按照前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.5:1,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂PVA在60℃下加热搅拌1h,得到前驱体溶胶,其中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为40%,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的1%。
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,先在-4℃下冷冻,在-10℃下冷冻干燥处理12h,使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于在600℃下高温烧焙2h,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
实施例2:
(1)按照银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3,将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体。
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎至微纳米级,按照前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.8:1.5,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂PVA在80℃下加热搅拌4h,得到前驱体溶胶,其中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为50%,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的3%。
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,先在-4℃下冷冻,在-10℃下冷冻干燥处理24h,使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于在800℃下高温烧焙6h,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
实施例3:
(1)按照银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3,将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体。
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎至微纳米级,按照前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.6:1.3,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂PVA在70℃下加热搅拌3h,得到前驱体溶胶,其中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为45%,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的2%。
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,先在-4℃下冷冻,在-10℃下冷冻干燥处理16h,使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于在700℃下高温烧焙4h,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
实施例4:
(1)按照银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3,将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体。
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎至微纳米级,按照前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.7:1.4,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂PVA在65℃下加热搅拌3h,得到前驱体溶胶,其中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为42%,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的1.5%。
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,先在-4℃下冷冻,在-10℃下冷冻干燥处理20h,使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于在750℃下高温烧焙5h,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
实施例5:
(1)按照银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3,将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体。
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎至微纳米级,按照前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.7:1.4,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂PVA在75℃下加热搅拌3h,得到前驱体溶胶,其中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为47%,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的2.5%。
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,先在-4℃下冷冻,在-10℃下冷冻干燥处理20h,使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于在650℃下高温烧焙5h,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
实施例6:
(1)按照银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3,将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体。
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎至微纳米级,按照前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.7:1.3,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂PVA在75℃下加热搅拌4h,得到前驱体溶胶,其中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为40%,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的3%。
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,先在-4℃下冷冻,在-10℃下冷冻干燥处理24h,使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于在800℃下高温烧焙5h,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
将实施例1-6制备的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂用于硝基苯的催化加氢反应中,经检测,实施例1-6制备的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的对硝基苯催化加氢的效果和重复使用的的结果如下所示:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | |
催化加氢效率(%) | 92 | 95 | 94 | 95 | 93 | 92 |
对氨基苯酚的收率(%) | 85 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 88 |
催化剂回收率(%) | 99 | 99 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99 |
重复5次后催化加氢稳定率(%) | 98 | 96 | 97 | 96 | 97 | 95 |
由上表可见,本发明制备的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的稳定性好,催化加氢效果好。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
1.一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的基材为多孔碳材料,负载物为钽铌酸银钠陶瓷,所述负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂由冷冻干燥和高温焙烧得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于,所述的一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化钽和氧化铌加入氢氟酸和浓硝酸的混合溶液中,水浴加热至完全溶解得到钽和铌的混合溶液,将硝酸铜和硝酸钠加入硝酸和柠檬酸的混合溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到铜和钠的混合溶液,将铜和钠的混合溶液缓慢加入钽和铌的混合溶液中,充分混合,蒸发去除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥得到钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体;
(2)将前驱体固体经球磨粉碎,加入异丙醇中分散,加入含镍的纤维素溶胶,超声分散均匀,加入粘结剂加热搅拌,得到前驱体溶胶;
(3)将前驱体溶胶倒入模具中浇筑成型,经冷冻干燥处理使体系中溶剂升华,得到多孔坯体,将多孔坯体置于高温烧焙,得到负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,钽铌酸银钠前驱体固体中银、钠、妮、钽和氧的物质的量的比为0.8:0.8:0.2:3。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,球磨粉碎的前驱体固体的粒径为微纳米级。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,前驱体固体与异丙醇的质量比为0.5-0.8:1-1.5。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,前驱体溶胶中含镍的纤维素溶胶的含量为40-50%。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,粘结剂为PVA,粘结剂占前驱体溶胶总量的1-3%。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,冷冻干燥的温度为-10℃,时间为12-24h。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,高温烧焙的温度为600-800℃,时间为2-6h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于:所述的负载钽铌酸银钠的多孔碳陶瓷催化剂可用于催化加氢反应中。
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CN113025405A (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种NiAl-NbC-Ag宽温域自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 |
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CN102091626A (zh) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-06-15 | 南京工业大学 | 一种对硝基苯酚催化加氢催化剂及其制备方法 |
US20110212829A1 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2011-09-01 | Dimascio Felice | High surface area ceramic catalysts and the manufacture thereof |
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