CN107923658A - 用作集热器的屋顶夹层板 - Google Patents

用作集热器的屋顶夹层板 Download PDF

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CN107923658A
CN107923658A CN201780002839.0A CN201780002839A CN107923658A CN 107923658 A CN107923658 A CN 107923658A CN 201780002839 A CN201780002839 A CN 201780002839A CN 107923658 A CN107923658 A CN 107923658A
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sandwich plate
heat collector
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彼得·贝利
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/525Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • E04D13/172Roof insulating material with provisions for or being arranged for permitting ventilation of the roof covering
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/352Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/354Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material more than one of the layers being composed of insulating material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/357Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation comprising hollow cavities
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00Ventilation
    • F24F7/02Roof ventilation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/30Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/504Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired non-plane plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/72Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/22Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/60Thermal insulation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种已经用于建筑物中的夹层板的配置,使之能够收集太阳能辐射和环境热量并且将能量从屋顶传出去。本发明所述夹层屋顶板的结构要素包括一具有承载能力的在薄板之间的隔热性能材料,类似于已知承重夹层板。无论薄板分布是按照栋梁还是按照椽子的方向放置的,通过适当的组装,都能在表面上及板芯中按照椽子的方向沿着屋顶的整个椽子的长度形成中空结构,以用作无形的物质(空气管道(1,4))。如果外部和芯部的这些空气管道在端部处两两连接,即,在空气回流室(8)处,则其中的物质在热反应作用下会在其自身重力作用下开始流动,从而到达所述面板的外表面,即,外部成形薄金属板2。如果所述面板的某一点是由热交换机(6)冷却的,则自然流动将持续流动。冷却设备将在空气管道(热空气管道(1)和冷空气管道(4))中收集的热量输送到系统外,被输送到系统外的热量可进一步地用来满足人类的能源需求。因此,本申请的主题是一个夹层板,其功能充当热量收集器,下文即集热夹层板(3),所述集热夹层板在物理上形成了一建筑物的屋顶结构,或者是屋顶结构的组分部件,所述屋顶结构或其组成部分均满足屋顶建筑的所有保护要求。由于其特殊的设计,它能够收集环境热量,并通过使用兼容的已知的辅助设备将这些热量传递给储热器。

Description

用作集热器的屋顶夹层板
本发明涉及一种已经用于建筑物中的夹层板的配置,使之能够收集太阳能辐射和环境热量并且将能量从屋顶传出去。
本发明所述夹层屋顶板的结构要素包括一具有承载能力的在薄板之间的隔热性能材料,类似于已知承重夹层板。无论薄板分布是按照栋梁还是按照椽子的方向放置的,通过适当的组装,都能在表面上及板芯中按照椽子的方向沿着屋顶的整个椽子的长度形成中空结构,以用作无形的物质或气体管道的通道。如果外部和芯部的这些空气管道在端部处两两连接,则其中的物质在热反应作用下会在其自身重力作用下开始流动,从而到达所述面板的外表面。如果所述面板的某一点是冷却的,则自然流动将持续流动。冷却设备将在空气管道中收集的热量输送到系统外,被输送到系统外的热量可进一步地用来满足人类的能源需求。
因此,本申请的主题是一个夹层板,其功能充当热量收集器,下文即集热夹层板,所述集热夹层板在物理上形成了一建筑物的屋顶结构,或者是屋顶结构的组分部件,所述屋顶结构或其组成部分均满足屋顶建筑的所有保护要求。由于其特殊的设计,它能够收集环境热量,并通过使用兼容的已知的辅助设备将这些热量传递给储热器。
由于化石燃料的供应是有限的,因此将太阳能作为房屋或其他建筑物的能源供应来源是合适的。为达到上述目的,已经出现了多种解决方案,例如将辅助设备安装在建筑物外部或将利用能源的设备配置在建筑物的外部。
太阳能的可再生资源的利用也可以在建筑物附近实施,例如:太阳能聚集器,太阳能板,放置或钻入房子周围地面的热泵或双向大气热泵等。通过改善建筑物(被动房)的隔热性能来降低,或使用能够就地从周围环境中获得的能量的系统,定期将部分所述能量回收到电网(主动房),降低能源消耗。
夹层板的制造商如爱尔兰的Kingspan,瑞典的Lindab,匈牙利的Metalsheet生产的产品,适合用于“被动房”线路。通常他们的产品具有多种隔热值。
也有一些制造商服务于“主动房”市场。太阳能聚集器作为建筑物附近就地采集能源的解决方案之一应当被提及。
太阳能聚集器可以根据两个主要操作原理进行分组。
1)一种普遍使用的解决方案为,一种液体在一管道系统中循环,所述管道系统嵌入于各种吸热材料中,所述吸热材料配置于各种框架中,所述框架随后安装在一屋顶上,所述液体在加热时将从面板吸收到的热量传递给其他单元进行热利用。例如一个已知的制造商:德国的Vaillant(EP2015000A2[2009.01.14]“带有太阳能吸收管和接收装置的框架”;DE10258711A1[2002.12.12]“太阳能聚热器单元具有多个固定于主收集器主体上的管状收集器,所述主收集器由挤压成型”)。
根据名称为“再循环自然对流太阳能聚集器”的US4,135,490专利中公开的解决方案,一种热交换器由被面板分割的多个空间组成,并位于一框架中,所述框架被一位于前面的透明面板和位于其他面的不透明面板覆盖。一种液体的循环产生于所述形成的热交换器中并且吸收的热量能够持续地被转换和利用。该热交换器具有如上述太阳能加热器一样的缺点,即复数个面板会降低利用效率。一类似的解决方案在名为“太阳能热保持器”的US3,987,782的专利中提出。这两个专利文件都包括可安装在住宅建筑屋顶上的单独使用的热交换器单元的描述和培训的内容。
2)一种更有效的解决方案为真空管太阳能聚热器:真空产生于两个玻璃管之间,一个玻璃管插入另一个玻璃管中,并且在末端密封。两个玻璃管之间的真空提供隔热性能功能。内部封闭的管子含有一种液体,当太阳照射在它上面时会蒸发,当在其末端冷凝时就会散发出热量。热量通过物质条件状态的能量变化来传递。
太阳能面板也可以将太阳能直接转换成电能,其在20世纪半导体应用方法发展的基础上得到广泛应用。其中,名称为“将太阳能转换成电能的方法和设备”的US2005081908A1[2005.04.21]的专利公开了这样一种解决方案。
以上所述解决方案的缺点为它们仅仅利用一小部分建筑物的可利用的表面来收集能量。进一步地,它们还有一个缺点是主要使用太阳的放射能而不使用或者在很小的程度上使用周围环境能。
上述解决方案还有一个缺点是它们不构成建筑物的一部分,它们是由可以安装在现有建筑物上的单元以及可以连接到建筑物上的其他设备组成的。它们的使用不能降低建筑物的成本。
为了消除上述提到的缺点,基于以下认识提出了一种新的解决方案:可以设计一种建筑物的屋顶结构,使得大部分的屋顶表面或整个屋顶表面由热交换夹层板构成(将在下文中进行详细描述),以起到收集器的作用,并且具有满足所有元件结构需求配置的功能,同时还可以吸收和利用除了辐射热之外的环境热量。此外,不需要使用任何透明的外盖板,通过使用压型金属板盖板来作为吸热器,或者使用热传导带筋金属泡沫材料,同样可以利用周围环境的热量。
山顶洞人在背向太阳的时候就已经使用了辐射能,而热交换器循环的原理已经被人类使用了好几百年。与其他已知的太阳能板专利相比,我的发明的本质是一个完全不同的新的空间布局,其中屋顶代替建筑物传统屋顶结构,为一个在新的热量收集器夹层板排布的帮助下能够吸收及传递辐射和环境能量功能的屋顶。
新开发的集热器夹层板覆盖了建筑物的阁楼,沿着它们的侧面装配并组装在一起,所述面板形成了屋顶,即建筑物结构的一部分。即使在中等温差或是多云天气情况下,也可以通过使用热泵吸收建筑物屋顶大规模表面的热量来提供大量的热能。
以下将对本发明进行更加详细的描述。
附图说明:
符号说明:
(1)热空气管道;(2)外表面成形薄金属板;(3)集热器夹层板;(4)冷空气管道;(5)隔热性能层;(6)冷却设备;(7)下空气回流室;(8)上空气回流室;(9)冷凝物排泄孔;(a)冷空气管道间距;(b),(c),(e)梯形板的尺寸;(d)隔热性能板的厚度;(f)面板结构的总厚度;(S1)热空气管道横截面;(S2)冷空气管道横截面;
图1为构成建筑物屋顶结构的集热器夹层板3的配置示意图。
图2为构成建筑物屋顶结构的集热器夹层板3的工作原理示意图。
图3,4和5为本发明的优选实施例,三个不同的集热器夹层板的横截面示意图。
图6为上空气回流室8及其位置示意图,部分被内部热交换器隐藏,通过虚线示出其分布为顺着鞍形屋顶方向配置。
图7为下空气回流室7及其位置示意图。
简要说明:
在集热器夹层板3的平面中,有两排管道,优选地,空气管道1,4排列布置成与椽子方向平行。从建筑物的角度来看,外部热空气管道1覆盖有外表面成形薄金属板2,外表面成形薄金属板2具有能够吸收太阳能辐射和环境热量的外表面,所述外表面由已知结构材料制成,优选地,为波纹金属板,更优选地可以为梯形金属板或铝泡沫形状。在两排管道1,4之间配置有一隔热性能层5。从屋顶的角度来看(如图3,4和5所示),在集热器夹层板3的内侧也有一隔热性能层5。在集热器夹层板3的每一端,都有一个空气回流室7,8(如图6和7所示)。
在所述集热器夹层板3的上空气回流室8中,配置有一个冷却设备6,所述冷却设备6包括一流动冷却介质,用于将系统内的热量排出(如图2和6所示)。
本发明功能的详细描述:
外部热空气管道1的一侧为建筑物屋顶结构的外侧,通过外表面成型薄金属板2来吸收太阳能辐射及环境热量。另一排冷空气管道4位于所述集热器夹层板3的内部,通过热绝缘层5与建筑物内部隔开。优选地,管道1,4沿椽子的方向贯穿所述面板,从屋顶平面的底部到屋脊。
在所述集热器夹层板3的上下端,各形成一空气回流室7,8,从而使面板内部的介质能够循环。优选地,在所述空气管道内部的介质的循环通过重力来实现或者在必要情况下可通过强制循环来实现。
所述冷却设备6位于上空气回流室(热点),用于吸收热量,通过广泛使用并且已被大众所知的冷却介质在其内的循环来实现;优选地,可以与一种热泵的冷端连接。
已经被加热的介质在外部热空气管道1中上升,同时已经冷却的介质在内部冷空气管道4中下降。
所述集热器夹层板3可以使用各种结构材料制成,如金属,成型板或隔热材料,以适合建筑物的外部和内部的隔热划界;形成自支撑的屋顶板结构具有合适的尺寸;并根据静力学的要求,也可以用作由桁条或椽子支撑的屋顶构件。因此,无须在屋顶安装更多的椽子或桁条。
优选地,外表面成型薄金属板2为一具有适当热传导性的金属板,在辐射入射时加热并将外部热量传递到空气管道附近,此外,其外形为一截面和/或带筋的型材片以抵抗热膨胀并增加刚性。当然,型材片的使用也增加了传热表面,并且可以更好地利用非垂直于屋顶平面的辐射,从而提高效率。
将所述集热器夹层板3的组成构件如外部、内部、盖板及冷热空气管道1,4,通过机如塑料螺钉或成型构件等机械非导热材料进行相互连接,使得集热器夹层板3的结构强度显著增加,并使得面板结构板材厚度的优化和更大跨度的实现成为可能。
以下将通过两个实施例对根据本发明所述集热器夹层板3的尺寸计算进行说明。考虑到所使用的材料的特性,本发明不受实施例所给定的形状、测量、尺寸的限制,并且可以根据一定的要求使用简单的计算和实验来重新确定尺寸。
实施例1(如图3所示)所述外部和内部空气管道1,4均具有六边形横截面
实施例2(如图4所示)外部空气管道1由一六边形横截面的管道组成,内部空气管道4由圆形横截面的管道组成
优选地,在空气管道1,4中的热传递介质处于大气压力下或不同的压力下,通过重力或外力的作用来循环。热传递循环介质可以选自不同的物质。优选地,其可以为一种气体,更优选地,使用大气中的空气。
在下空气回流室7的底部钻有小孔,使冷凝水可以从系统中排出。
在本发明中,使用空气来作为热传递介质:
热空气管道1中的介质接收外表面成型金属板2的温度,优选地,为带筋金属板。作为热作用的结果,介质会膨胀并且密度降低。冷空气管道4中较重的介质能通过下空气回流室7取代热介质,并将热介质推到面板的上空气回流室8。
在上空气回流室8中,热空气将其热量传递给冷却设备6,在其温度下降的同时其体积也会减少。由于其密度增加,它会沉入冷空气管道4中。因此,连续的加热和冷却导致使介质在冷热空气管道1,4中形成自循环。因此接收的热量同在冷却设备6中的液体一样可以进一步地用于已知的其他方面的用处,优选地,用于热水箱中的额外存储中,并使用其他技术向家庭供应热水,加热建筑物甚至产生电能。
一旦建筑物内的利用不需要进一步地吸收热量时,位于上下回流室7,8端部的通风窗将以可控的方式打开,从而使热介质或空气自由地从位于面板上部窗口中流出。
当然,所述集热器夹层板3可以用在具有不同斜坡的屋顶上。就像其是众所周知的,所述屋顶的坡度和取向对最大可能产量有重大的影响。

Claims (11)

1.一种用作建筑物屋顶结构的热量聚集器夹层板装置,
在热量聚集器夹层板(3)的平面内,有两排管道,优选地,装置有两排空气管道(1,4),与椽子方向平行;从建筑物的角度来说,外部空气管道(1)覆盖有一金属薄板(2),所述金属薄板(2)具有一能够吸收太阳能辐射和周围环境热量的由已知结构材料制成的外部面;在管道(1,4)平面之间装置有一隔隔热性能层(5);
从层顶的角度看,在所述集热器夹层板(3)的内部还设有一隔热性能层(5);
在所述集热器夹层板(3)的每端形成有回流室(7,8),优选地,形成有空气回流室;
在所述集热器夹层板(3)的上空气回流室(8)中,配备有一冷却设备(6),所述冷却设备(6)包括有用于排出热量的流动冷却介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述装置,其特征在于,集热器夹层板(3)中的室是下部和上部空气回流室(7,8),并且它们共同连接在上下回流室(7,8)的所有冷热空气管道(1,4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述装置,其特征在于,在集热器夹层板(3)上的面向屋顶内侧的隔热性能层(5)是已知的隔热,复合和/或砖石材料。
4.一种如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的集热器夹层板屋顶结构的使用方法,其特征在于,所述方法能够利用辐射太阳能和/或环境热能。
5.根据权利要求4所述方法,其特征在于,通过使用集热器夹层板(3)来加热水或其他已知的储热物质。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述方法,其特征在于,在所述集热器夹层板(3)中的管道(1,4)中用于传递热量的介质是一种气体介质。
7.根据权利要求6所述方法,其特征在于,所述气体介质是大气压下的空气。
8.根据权利要求4-7中的任一项所述方法,其特征在于,在屋顶平面上采用的集热器夹层板(3)的角度可以为小于90度的各种倾斜度。
9.根据权利要求8所述方法,其特征在于,所述集热器夹层板(3)的面向建筑物内部的隔热性能层(5)由已知的绝热材料和/或空间限定材料制成。
10.根据权利要求4-7中的任一项所述方法,其特征在于,使用集热器夹层板(3)作为建筑物的屋顶结构和/或作为屋顶结构本身的一个组成部分。
11.根据权利要求4-10中的任一项所述方法,其特征在于,将集热器夹层板(3)纵向安装在屋顶上,与椽子或桁平行,区别在于所述冷热管道(1,4)不管在何种情况下总是与椽子平行。
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