CN107915828A - 一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents

一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料 Download PDF

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CN107915828A
CN107915828A CN201711318337.7A CN201711318337A CN107915828A CN 107915828 A CN107915828 A CN 107915828A CN 201711318337 A CN201711318337 A CN 201711318337A CN 107915828 A CN107915828 A CN 107915828A
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李文
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Anhui Weilang Chemical Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，制备原料中含有PNX与其他有机磷酸酯的混合阻燃剂。采用上述原料组合物制备的高回弹聚氨酯泡沫阻燃效果好，回弹率高。上述高阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料可用于汽车或家具。

Description

一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯泡沫材料，具体涉及一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫，属于聚合物领域。
背景技术
目前隔热弹性材料主要采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料，优点是因弹性与隔热效果都较好。但是软质聚氨酯存在二个非常明显的缺陷一极易燃烧，而且燃烧过程中会产生大量有毒烟雾，极易造成人的窒息死亡。
添加阻燃剂是提高聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的有效办法。传统的提高嗤涂聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的方法是在原料中添加有机卤、磷类液体阻燃剂。以原料聚酯的质量为100份计，这类阻燃剂需要添加25份以上，制得的聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能才能满足要求。而且这类阻燃剂对聚氨酯远沫燃烧产生的烟雾量没有效果，卤系阻燃剂甚至产生有毒气体。另外，有机阻燃剂含量过高，也会明显降低聚氨酯泡沫材料的力学性能，缩短了材料的使用寿命。无机类阻燃剂，具有消烟、无毒的特点，对喷涂聚氨酯发泡原料的起发速度无影响，但通常需要添加高的量才具备要求的阻燃效果。
发明内容
针对目前缺乏优良阻燃性能的弹性聚氨酯泡沫的问题，本发明提供一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，阻燃效果好、保温效果优良。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，由以下方法制备获得：将A组份与B组份分别在高压发泡剂的反应釜中搅拌，将泡沫模具加温到70-80℃，并在泡沫模具内壁均匀喷涂上脱模剂，然后将A组份和B组份按重量份100∶50-70由发泡机高压混合投料到模具中，合模熟化，然后脱模、修边得成品；
所述组分A包括以下重量份的原料：
聚醚多元醇 55-65，
聚合物多元醇 25-30，
硅油 0.2-0.7，
交联剂 1-2，
催化剂 0.5-1.5，
阻燃剂 10-15，
水 4-6；
所述组分B包括以下重量份的原料：
TDI 0.5-1.5，
聚合MDI 1-3，
改性MDI 0.5-1.5。
所述阻燃剂为PNX（无卤齐聚磷酸酯）与其他有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的混合。所述PNX与其他有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的质量比为1:1-1.5；所述其他有机磷酸酯阻燃剂优选为烷基化苯基磷酸酯或磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯。
所述聚醚多元醇的羟值30mgKOH/g；所述聚合物多元醇的羟值40mgKOH/g。
所述交联剂为二乙醇胺、二叔丁基过氧化物或二亚乙基三胺中的任一种。
所述催化剂选自三亚乙基二胺和一缩二丙二醇中的至少一种。
所述组分A还包括抗氧化剂；所述抗氧化剂为组分A的0.1-0.3%（wt）。所述抗氧化剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、二缩三乙二醇双[β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯]、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、3,9-双[1,1-二甲基-2-[(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基]乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5,5]十一烷、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)]季戊四醇酯和3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸异辛酯中的任一种或多种。
一种上述阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料在汽车与家具中的应用。
本发明具有以下优点：
本发明提供了一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料的原料组合物，各成分无毒无害；采用了两种高效阻燃剂的混合，所制得的高回弹聚氨酯泡沫氧指数高、阻燃效果好，且燃烧过程几乎不产生有毒有害气体，烟气量少；回弹性能优于市场上其他产品，适宜作为汽车或家具中的材料使用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1
（1）按照以下组成分别配制组分A与组分B：
组分A（质量份）：
聚醚多元醇（羟值30mgKOH/g） 55，
聚合物多元醇（羟值40mgKOH/g） 30，
硅油 0.2，
二乙醇胺 2，
三亚乙基二胺 0.2，
一缩二丙二醇 0.6，
PNX 4，
烷基化苯基磷酸酯 6，
水 4，
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 0.3；
组分B（质量份）：
TDI 0.5，
聚合MDI 1，
改性MDI 0.5。
（2）按照下述方法制备阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫：
将A组份与B组份分别在高压发泡剂的反应釜中搅拌，将泡沫模具加温到75℃，并在泡沫模具内壁均匀喷涂上脱模剂，然后将A组份和B组份按重量份100∶70由发泡机高压混合投料到模具中，合模熟化，然后脱模、修边得成品。所得成品的氧指数为26.3，回弹率为60.0%。
实施例2
（1）按照以下组成分别配制组分A与组分B：
组分A（质量份）：
聚醚多元醇（羟值30mgKOH/g） 60，
聚合物多元醇（羟值40mgKOH/g） 30，
硅油 0.2，
二亚乙基三胺 1，
三亚乙基二胺 0.5，
一缩二丙二醇 0.75，
PNX 7.5，
磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯 7.5，
水 5，
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 0.2；
组分B（质量份）：
TDI 0.8，
聚合MDI 1.2，
改性MDI 0.8。
（2）按照下述方法制备阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫：
将A组份与B组份分别在高压发泡剂的反应釜中搅拌，将泡沫模具加温到70℃，并在泡沫模具内壁均匀喷涂上脱模剂，然后将A组份和B组份按重量份100∶50由发泡机高压混合投料到模具中，合模熟化，然后脱模、修边得成品。所得成品的氧指数为27，回弹率为60.4%。
实施例3
（1）按照以下质量分数配制两种组分：
组分A（质量份）：
聚醚多元醇（羟值30mgKOH/g） 55，
聚合物多元醇（羟值40mgKOH/g） 30，
硅油 0.7，
二叔丁基过氧化物 1.5，
三亚乙基二胺 1，
烷基化苯基磷酸酯 8
磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯 12，
水 6，
3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸异辛酯 0.15；
组分B（质量份）：
TDI 1.5，
聚合MDI 3，
改性MDI 1.5
将A组份与B组份分别在高压发泡剂的反应釜中搅拌，将泡沫模具加温到80℃，并在泡沫模具内壁均匀喷涂上脱模剂，然后将A组份和B组份按重量份100∶70由发泡机高压混合投料到模具中，合模熟化，然后脱模、修边得成品；所得成品的氧指数为29.1，回弹率为62.3%。

Claims (8)

1.一种阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，由以下方法制备获得：将A组份与B组份分别在高压发泡剂的反应釜中搅拌，将泡沫模具加温到70-80℃，并在泡沫模具内壁均匀喷涂上脱模剂，然后将A组份和B组份按重量份100∶50-70由发泡机高压混合投料到模具中，合模熟化，然后脱模、修边得成品；
所述组分A包括以下重量份的原料：
聚醚多元醇 55-65，
聚合物多元醇 25-30，
硅油 0.2-0.7，
交联剂 1-2，
催化剂 0.5-1.5，
阻燃剂 10-15，
水 4-6；
所述组分B包括以下重量份的原料：
TDI 0.5-1.5，
聚合MDI 1-3，
改性MDI 0.5-1.5；
所述阻燃剂为PNX与其他有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述其他有机磷酸酯阻燃剂为烷基化苯基磷酸酯或磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述PNX与其他有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的质量比为1:1-1.5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇的羟值30mgKOH/g；所述聚合物多元醇的羟值40mgKOH/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述交联剂为二乙醇胺、二叔丁基过氧化物或二亚乙基三胺中的任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述催化剂选自三亚乙基二胺和一缩二丙二醇中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述组分A还包括抗氧化剂；所述抗氧化剂为组分A的0.1-0.3%。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一所述的阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料在汽车与家具中的应用。
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