CN106243310A - 一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106243310A
CN106243310A CN201610616026.8A CN201610616026A CN106243310A CN 106243310 A CN106243310 A CN 106243310A CN 201610616026 A CN201610616026 A CN 201610616026A CN 106243310 A CN106243310 A CN 106243310A
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黄仁军
资玉明
朱正华
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SUZHOU RONGCHANG COMPOUND MATERIAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，由以重量计算的聚醚多元醇80‑150份、聚合物多元醇15‑20份、多异氰酸酯15‑20份、胶质碳酸钙3‑6份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物10‑14份、三碱式硫酸铅4‑8份、无卤阻燃剂3‑6份、扩链剂1‑4份、匀泡剂3‑5份、催化剂0.5‑2份、复合发泡剂7‑9份制备而成，应用到家具以及其他对硬度要求较高的泡沫塑料制品中去，不仅硬度高，阻燃性能好，且不含卤族元素和重金属，健康低碳，满足了对安全和环保的双重要求。

Description

一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法。
背景技术
在各类聚氨酯制品中，聚氨酯泡沫塑料是最重要的一部分，它的主要特征是具有多孔性，因而相对密度小，比强度高。根据所用原料不同和配方变化，可制成软质、半硬质和硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料等几种，其中硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料，可用于高档家具等工业产品，例如床、梳妆台等，但是目前的硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料均存在阻燃性能不够，且燃烧后产生大量的一氧化碳、氢氰酸等剧毒气体，对家居环境和社会环境产生重大的危害。
因此，一种新型的环保安全且阻燃性能佳的硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备研究值得探讨。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种不仅能满足阻燃性能的，且不含有危害物质重金属和卤族元素的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法。
技术方案：为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)首先以重量计算的原料组分：聚醚多元醇80-150份、聚合物多元醇15-20份、多异氰酸酯15-20份、胶质碳酸钙3-6份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物10-14份、三碱式硫酸铅4-8份、无卤阻燃剂3-6份、扩链剂1-4份、匀泡剂3-5份、催化剂0.5-2份、复合发泡剂7-9份；
(2)先进行热混合：将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、多异氰酸酯、三碱式硫酸铅在30-40℃下进行热混合，继续升温至60-70℃，投入胶质碳酸钙、丙烯酸共聚物、无卤阻燃剂，继续升温至90-100℃，投入步骤(1)剩下的原料，维持温度10-15min；
(3)降低温度至30-40℃进行低温冷混合均匀，注入模具进行合模熟化、脱模、修边、去脱模剂、涂饰工艺制备成品。
更进一步的，所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇的混合物。
更进一步的，所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇质量比为2:1的混合物。
更进一步的，述无卤阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂。
更进一步的，所述磷氮系阻燃剂由三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、二氧化硅、双季戊四醇混合而成。
更进一步的，所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、HQEE中的一种与甘油的混合物，其质量比为3:2。
更进一步的，所述匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂。
更进一步的，所述催化剂为羟基叔胺、吗啉类催化剂、羧酸盐催化剂中的一种。
更进一步的，所述复合发泡剂为环戊烷、丙丁烷，HCFC-22三种质量比为2:2:1的混合物。
更进一步的，所述脱模工艺条件为：搅拌速度2000r/min，模具温度45-65℃、脱模时间为10-15min。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，由以重量计算的聚醚多元醇80-150份、聚合物多元醇15-20份、多异氰酸酯15-20份、胶质碳酸钙3-6份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物10-14份、三碱式硫酸铅4-8份、无卤阻燃剂3-6份、扩链剂1-4份、匀泡剂3-5份、催化剂0.5-2份、复合发泡剂7-9份制备而成，应用到家具以及其他对硬度要求较高的泡沫塑料制品中去，不仅硬度高，阻燃性能好，且不含卤族元素和重金属，健康低碳，满足了对安全和环保的双重要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明：
实施例1：
一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)首先以重量计算的原料组分：聚醚多元醇80份、聚合物多元醇15份、多异氰酸酯15份、胶质碳酸钙3份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物10份、三碱式硫酸铅4份、无卤阻燃剂3份、扩链剂1份、匀泡剂3份、催化剂0.5份、复合发泡剂7份；
(2)先进行热混合：将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、多异氰酸酯、三碱式硫酸铅在30℃下进行热混合，继续升温至60℃，投入胶质碳酸钙、丙烯酸共聚物、无卤阻燃剂，继续升温至90℃，投入步骤(1)剩下的原料，维持温度10min；
(3)降低温度至30℃进行低温冷混合均匀，注入模具进行合模熟化、脱模、修边、去脱模剂、涂饰工艺制备成品，其中述脱模工艺条件为：搅拌速度2000r/min，模具温度45℃、脱模时间为10min。
其中，所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇质量比为2:1的混合物；所述无卤阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂，具体由三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、二氧化硅、双季戊四醇混合而成；所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇与甘油的混合物，其质量比为3:2；所述匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂；所述催化剂为羟基叔胺催化剂；所述复合发泡剂为环戊烷、丙丁烷，HCFC-22三种质量比为2:2:1的混合物。
实施例2：
一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)首先以重量计算的原料组分：聚醚多元醇150份、聚合物多元醇20份、多异氰酸酯20份、胶质碳酸钙6份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物14份、三碱式硫酸铅8份、无卤阻燃剂6份、扩链剂4份、匀泡剂5份、催化剂2份、复合发泡剂9份；
(2)先进行热混合：将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、多异氰酸酯、三碱式硫酸铅在40℃下进行热混合，继续升温至70℃，投入胶质碳酸钙、丙烯酸共聚物、无卤阻燃剂，继续升温至100℃，投入步骤(1)剩下的原料，维持温度15min；
(3)降低温度至40℃进行低温冷混合均匀，注入模具进行合模熟化、脱模、修边、去脱模剂、涂饰工艺制备成品，其中述脱模工艺条件为：搅拌速度2000r/min，模具温度65℃、脱模时间为15min。
其中，所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇质量比为2:1的混合物；所述无卤阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂，具体由三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、二氧化硅、双季戊四醇混合而成；所述扩链剂为HQEE与甘油的混合物，其质量比为3:2；所述匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂；所述催化剂为吗啉类催化剂；所述复合发泡剂为环戊烷、丙丁烷，HCFC-22三种质量比为2:2:1的混合物。
实施例3：
一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)首先以重量计算的原料组分：聚醚多元醇120份、聚合物多元醇8份、多异氰酸酯17份、胶质碳酸钙5份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物12份、三碱式硫酸铅6份、无卤阻燃剂5份、扩链剂3份、匀泡剂4份、催化剂1份、复合发泡剂8份；
(2)先进行热混合：将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、多异氰酸酯、三碱式硫酸铅在35℃下进行热混合，继续升温至65℃，投入胶质碳酸钙、丙烯酸共聚物、无卤阻燃剂，继续升温至95℃，投入步骤(1)剩下的原料，维持温度10-15min；
(3)降低温度至35℃进行低温冷混合均匀，注入模具进行合模熟化、脱模、修边、去脱模剂、涂饰工艺制备成品，其中述脱模工艺条件为：搅拌速度2000r/min，模具温度55℃、脱模时间为13min。
其中，所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇质量比为2:1的混合物；所述无卤阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂，具体由三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、二氧化硅、双季戊四醇混合而成；所述扩链剂为1,6-己二醇与甘油的混合物，其质量比为3:2；所述匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂；所述催化剂为羧酸盐催化剂；所述复合发泡剂为环戊烷、丙丁烷，HCFC-22三种质量比为2:2:1的混合物。
取本发明实施例1-3制备的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料与市售的硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料进行对比检测试验，经检测本发明实施例1-3制备的硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料阻燃效果好(氧指数为25)，且不含有卤族元素和重金属。而市面上硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料经检测含有卤族元素和重金属残留，阻燃效果也不佳，具体泡沫塑料制品进行性能测试，结果均优，具体如表1：
表1实施例1-实施例3泡沫塑料制品性能测试结果
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
密度/kg·m3 525 536 533
压缩强度/MPa 29 31 28
弯曲强度/MPa 35.32 34.31 33.94
邵氏硬度D 67 65 69
应当指出，以上具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)首先以重量计算的原料组分：聚醚多元醇80-150份、聚合物多元醇15-20份、多异氰酸酯15-20份、胶质碳酸钙3-6份、丙烯酸酯类共聚物10-14份、三碱式硫酸铅4-8份、无卤阻燃剂3-6份、扩链剂1-4份、匀泡剂3-5份、催化剂0.5-2份、复合发泡剂7-9份；
(2)先进行热混合：将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、多异氰酸酯、三碱式硫酸铅在30-40℃下进行热混合，继续升温至60-70℃，投入胶质碳酸钙、丙烯酸共聚物、无卤阻燃剂，继续升温至90-100℃，投入步骤(1)剩下的原料，维持温度10-15min；
(3)降低温度至30-40℃进行低温冷混合均匀，注入模具进行合模熟化、脱模、修边、去脱模剂、涂饰工艺制备成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚醚多元醇为高官能度聚醚多元醇与低官能度聚醚多元醇质量比为2:1的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述无卤阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述磷氮系阻燃剂由三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、二氧化硅、双季戊四醇混合而成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、HQEE中的一种与甘油的混合物，其质量比为3:2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述催化剂为羟基叔胺、吗啉类催化剂、羧酸盐催化剂中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述复合发泡剂为环戊烷、丙丁烷，HCFC-22三种质量比为2:2:1的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃型硬质聚氨酯结构泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述脱模工艺条件为：搅拌速度2000r/min，模具温度45-65℃、脱模时间为10-15min。
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