CN107867951A - A kind of method and its application that plant growth-promoting agent is prepared using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk - Google Patents
A kind of method and its application that plant growth-promoting agent is prepared using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk Download PDFInfo
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- CN107867951A CN107867951A CN201710830307.8A CN201710830307A CN107867951A CN 107867951 A CN107867951 A CN 107867951A CN 201710830307 A CN201710830307 A CN 201710830307A CN 107867951 A CN107867951 A CN 107867951A
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- promoting agent
- plant growth
- heavy metal
- crop
- metal pollution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and its application that plant growth-promoting agent is prepared using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk.This method comprises the following steps：The field-crop stalk of heavy metal pollution is collected, dries to water content and is less than 25%, then after the stalk dried is cut into the segment less than 5cm, thermal cracking obtains solid carbonaceous under oxygen-free environment, after being incubated 0.5 1.5h, natural cooling is standby；Solid carbonaceous is crushed to obtain fine powder, according to solid-to-liquid ratio is 1 with water or dilute alkaline soln：20 40 mixing, 2 4h are stirred at 50 100 DEG C and obtain mixed liquor；The extract solution of carbonaceous is centrifuged into obtain the i.e. plant growth-promoting agent of filtrate.Compared with prior art, the present invention comes from natural plants stalk, does not have any poisonous and harmful additive in production process, people and animals are had no toxic side effect, and application method is simple, is a kind of green, environment-friendly chemical fertilizer substitute.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparing technical field for preparing growth-promoting agent, and in particular to one kind utilizes heavy metal pollution field-crop
Stalk prepares the method and its application of plant growth-promoting agent.
Background technology
China is stalk big producer, and stalk comprehensive utilization is to increasing soil fertility, mitigating atmosphere pollution and save the energy
Play very important effect.In farmland ecosystem, Returning Application of Crop Straw is the increase soil organism and improves soil life
The important channel of force of labor and measure, be advantageous to the sustainable development of agricultural.It is estimated that China currently reaches per rice wheat straw yield
To 3.1 hundred million tons, wherein returning to the field ratio has reached more than 20%.According to Environmental Protection Department and Ministry of Land and Resources in issue in 2014
《National Soil Pollution Investigation publication》Show that the farmland in China about 19.4% is polluted by heavy metal pollution, wherein Cd, Pb
Farmland accounts for 7% and 1.5%, and soils in south china pollution overweights the north.Due to south China paddy soil be generally acidified with long-grained nonglutinous rice,
The plantation of super hybridization rice has more aggravated the absorption of rice heavy metal.But most farmlands still long-term cropping in contaminated arable land,
Produce grain.It is generally believed that the enrichment of crop root and cane heavy metal is far above seed, substantial amounts of heavy metal-polluted soil is consolidated
It is scheduled on root and the cane part of crop.Therefore heavy metal pollution field-crop straw-returning to soil have input organic carbon while
Also most of heavy metal that crop absorbs has been given back to farmland, has caused heavy metals in soil abatement slow, be unfavorable for soil
The improvement of environmental quality.
Therefore, how heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk is handled, and turns into current urgent problem.Traditional stalk
Returning to the field pattern can give back the heavy metal that crop absorbs in farmland again so that contaminated farmland soil heavy metals content reduces slow
Slowly.Therefore, heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk need to be handled from field, so as to constantly take the heavy metal absorbed in stalk out of, be reduced
The enrichment of heavy metal in soil.But polluted agricultural land crop material is handled from field, it is understood that there may be is arbitrarily stacked problem, is caused two secondary rings
Pollute in border.Meanwhile turning into real discarded object from the crop material behind field, value is relatively low.However, China is relevant at present light
The research of degree heavy metal pollution field-crop straw utilization is rarely reported.Therefore, how slight pollution field-crop is effectively utilized
Stalk, its value is lifted, is turned waste into wealth, change is given up as fertilizer, is to be related to slight heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil environmental quality
The key of fast lifting.
It is ripe using agricultural biomass castoff heat cracking technique and commercial processes in recent years, and obtained country
Support.After straw thermal cracking caused carbonaceous product contain more bioactive small molecule organic matter have it is antibacterial and growth-promoting
Effect such as salicylic acid, 3,5- orcins, parahydroxyben-zaldehyde, Benadon etc..Retrieved according to applicant and find publication number
" CN104370595A " is disclosed using after cleaning and being prepared into Foliar Spraying after crop material charing, can stimulate the life of crop
It is long.There has been no research at present may indicate that whether contain biological growth after heavy metal pollution field-crop straw thermal cracking
Promote material, and be prepared into liquid growth-promoting fertilizer.
Publication number CN104256057A, a kind of entitled side that forage protein is prepared using alcohol effluent and crop material
Method, specifically disclose the method that feed is made using the technique of solid state fermentation using stalk is cleaned.Publication number CN104876655A,
The preparation method of entitled humic acid, water soluble tomato foliar fertilizer and its preparation and application, it is specific it is open using feces of livestock and poultry with
Extraction process percolate prepares the solution rich in humic acid after crop material compost.Publication number CN103193547A, entitled one
Environmentally friendly plant source disease-resistant growth-promoting agent of kind and preparation method thereof, is specifically disclosed using in dandelion, ginkgo leaf, burdock etc.
The extract of medicinal material prepares plant disease-resistant growth-promoting agent.Publication number CN101948360A, entitled Multifunctional plant-derived growth improvement solution and
Its preparation method, the method for specifically disclosing the extraction of active substances from Chinese medicine crop prepare growth-promoting liquid.From above-mentioned patent
As can be seen that research and patent of invention that the crop material from heavy metal pollution farmland utilizes are still blank at present, and
Many preparation technologies are complicated and preparing raw material is expensive, and the manufacturing cost for causing plant source growth-promoting fertilizer remains high.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind to utilize heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk
The method and its application of plant growth-promoting agent are prepared, this method is simple, and production cost is low, and vegetable crop growth can be promoted to improve farming
The yield and quality of thing.
To solve prior art problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is：
A kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the field-crop stalk of heavy metal pollution is collected, dries to water content and is less than 25%, then the straw that will be dried
After stalk is cut into the segment less than 5cm, thermal cracking obtains solid carbonaceous under oxygen-free environment, and after being incubated 0.5-1.5h, natural cooling is standby；
Step 2, solid carbonaceous is crushed to obtain fine powder, according to solid-to-liquid ratio is 1 with water or dilute alkaline soln：20-40 is mixed,
2-4h is stirred at 50-100 DEG C and obtains mixed liquor；
Step 3, by the extract solution of carbonaceous centrifuge pH value be 8-11, total content of organic carbon 0.6-3.0g/L, total nitrogen contain
It is 0.5-1.0g/L to measure as 18-90mg/L, total phosphorus content 15-50mg/L, total potassium content, and total cadmium, lead, copper or Zn content are small
In 1.0mg/L filtrate, i.e. plant growth-promoting agent.
It is as improved, when field-crop stalk described in step 1 is rice straw, thermal cracking temperature 300-400
℃；During wheat stalk, thermal cracking temperature is 350-450 DEG C；During maize straw, thermal cracking temperature is 350-500 DEG C.In middle low temperature
The organic matter containing biostimulation material is produced under field during biomass cracking, and this kind of material can enter one under hot conditions
Step is decomposed and evaporate into air and can not capture.
It is that the programming rate of thermal cracking is 2-5 DEG C/min in step 1 as improved.
It is that the particle diameter of fine powder is 1mm in step 2 as improved.
It is that dilute alkaline soln described in step 2 is 0.2-0.5mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as improved.
It is that the speed centrifuged in step 3 is 5000rpm as improved.
Application of the above-mentioned gained plant growth-promoting agent on vegetable crop.
It is that plant growth-promoting agent is watered 50-200 times of dilution, is applied to using drip irrigation or with irrigation water as improved
Around crop root, co-administered 8-10 times since seedling stage, each administration interval 4-7 days, avoid administration rainy days.
Being that the plant growth-promoting agent is watered as improved is diluted to pH as 7.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention comes from natural plants stalk, does not have any poisonous and harmful addition in production process
Agent, people and animals are had no toxic side effect, application method is simple, is a kind of green, environment-friendly chemical fertilizer substitute, specific manifestation
It is as follows：
1st, plant growth-promoting agent make use of with the crop material discarded object in slight heavy metal pollution farmland, high value in the present invention
The abandoned biomass that can not be disposed, at the same heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk from field handle after can reduce heavy metal in soil
Lasting enrichment, improves Environmental Quality of Cultivated Land, has significant ecological benefits and economic benefit.
2nd, biomass material obtains that simple, cost is cheap in the present invention, and is carried out currently with agricultural biomass discarded object
The technology of thermal cracking is very ripe.In addition, in the present invention plant growth-promoting agent simple production process, be advantageous to promotion and application.
3rd, plant growth-promoting agent of the present invention can not only significantly improve the yield of crops, also significantly improve the quality of crop such as
Vitamin and soluble sugar etc., the accumulation that can also reduce the harmful substances such as Nitrate in Vegetable and heavy metal in addition improve crops
Edible safety.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in detail below by specific embodiment.
Crop material raw material sources of the present invention are around the smeltery of Yixing by cadmium (0.8-1.5mg/kg-1), lead
(386-1000mg/kg-1) pollution Wheat in Field and rice straw.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, it (is 0.8-1.5mg/kg containing chromium concn to gather heavy metal cadmium farmland around the smeltery of Yixing-1)
Wheat stalk, dry to moisture 20% and be crushed to 3 centimetre lengths, be placed in apparatus for thermal cleavage and adopted respectively under oxygen free condition
Solid carbonaceous is produced with 350 DEG C and 450 DEG C of thermal crackings.
Step 2, by solid carbonaceous be crushed to after 1mm particle diameters respectively with water in mass ratio 1:30 ratio is mixed and stirred for
It is even, mixed liquor is obtained, this mixed liquor is placed in mixer and 3 hours are stirred at 90 DEG C (every half an hour stirring once, every time
Stirring 1 minute), obtain mixed liquor；
Step 3, mixed liquor is transferred to separation of solid and liquid after the centrifugation of (5000 revs/min) of centrifuge high speed obtains two kinds and carry
It is plant growth-promoting agent first (growth-promoting agent of 350 DEG C of thermal cracking carbonaceous product extractions) and (the 450 DEG C of hot tearings of plant growth-promoting agent second to take liquid
Solve the growth-promoting agent of carbonaceous product extraction).
The promoting crop growth agent prepared to two kinds of thermal cracking temperatures is analyzed, and it the results are shown in Table 1.
The component list of the plant growth-promoting agent first of table 1 and plant growth-promoting agent second
As shown in Table 1, in the plant growth-promoting agent first and plant growth-promoting agent second that prepared by heavy metal pollution Wheat in Field stalk
Containing nutrient elements such as higher Organic carbon and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, while cadmium, lead, copper, zinc contents of heavy metal elements
It is relatively low, can safely use.
By plant growth-promoting agent first and plant growth-promoting agent second, after being watered 50 times of dilution respectively, by dilution from Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve seedling stage
Start to apply, every time using 50mL, co-administer 10 times, every minor tick 4-7 days.Specific method is：Choosing Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve-SUZHOUQING(sic) is
Subjects, native 3kg is filled per basin before sowing, N is applied in base fertilizer：0.2g/kg, P2O5：0.2g/kg, K2O：0.2g/kg, sow 45 days
After harvesting afterwards, set one to apply plant growth-promoting agent first and one and apply plant growth-promoting agent second, compare for plant growth-promoting agent first
Or the clear water of plant growth-promoting agent the second grade amount, each processing set 4 repetitions, yield and quality are determined immediately after Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve harvest.
It the results are shown in Table 2.
The different plant growth-promoting agent of table 2 are to Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve yield and the influence situation of quality
As shown in Table 2, compared with the control, plant growth-promoting agent first and plant growth-promoting agent second can improve Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve yield and product
Matter, and yield amplification respectively reaches 89% and 58%, soluble sugar content amplification are respectively 83% and 30%, Vitamin C content
16% and 7%.Meanwhile nitrate content significantly reduces in Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve blade, and it is respectively 34% and 23% to reduce amplitude.This
Outside, plant growth-promoting agent also significantly reduces the enrichment of heavy metal cadmium and lead in pakchoi blade, the reduction width of cadmium wherein in blade
Degree is respectively 50% and 33%, and the reduction amplitude of lead is 20%.
In addition, table 2 is shown, the lifting of plant growth-promoting agent prepared by 350 DEG C of thermal cracking temperatures to Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve yield and quality
Effect is more preferable.
Embodiment 2
Except step 1, collection heavy metal pollution farmland rice straw, thermal cracking temperature is 300 DEG C；Step 2, fine powder and diluted alkaline
The potassium hydroxide solution that solution is 0.5mol/L mixes, and stirs 3 hours and (every half an hour stirring once, stirs every time at 85 DEG C
Mix 1 minute) it is different outer, remaining obtains plant growth-promoting agent third, its nature examination result is as shown in table 3 with embodiment 1.
The component list of the plant growth-promoting agent third of table 3
From table 3 it is observed that containing higher in plant growth-promoting agent third prepared by heavy metal pollution farmland rice straw
The nutrient elements such as Organic carbon and nitrogen, while the content of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc is relatively low, can use safely.
Plant growth-promoting agent third is watered after 100 times of dilution and is applied to Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve since Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve seedling stage, is applied every time
100mL, co-administer 10 times, each administration interval 4-7 days.This example is using two processing, and respectively Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve applies growth-promoting agent
Third handles and applies clear water control treatment, and wherein clear water control amount of application and application times are handled identical with plant growth-promoting agent third.
Compared with control treatment, 4 are shown in Table using influence of the plant growth-promoting agent third to Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve yield and quality.
The growth-promoting agent third of table 4 is to Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve yield and the influence situation of quality
As shown in Table 4, plant growth-promoting agent third significantly improves Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve yield, soluble sugar and vitamin content, and increases
Width is respectively 30%, 30% and 64%.Meanwhile plant growth-promoting agent third significantly reduces the content of pakchoi nitrate, cadmium and lead,
And the range of decrease is respectively 46%, 15% and 25%.
Therefore, the present invention comes from natural plants stalk, does not have any poisonous and harmful additive in production process, to people and animals without
Toxic side effect, application method is simple, is a kind of green, environment-friendly chemical fertilizer substitute.
In addition, the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, as long as in without departing from the scope of the present invention, can take various
Mode implements the present invention.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk, it is characterised in that including following Step：Step 1, the field-crop stalk of heavy metal pollution is collected, dries to water content and is less than 25%, then the stalk dried is cut Into after the segment less than 5cm, thermal cracking obtains solid carbonaceous under oxygen-free environment, and after being incubated 0.5-1.5h, natural cooling is standby；Step 2, solid carbonaceous is crushed to obtain fine powder, according to solid-to-liquid ratio is 1 with water or dilute alkaline soln：20-40 is mixed, and is stirred at 50-100 DEG C Mix 2-4h and obtain mixed liquor；Step 3, by the extract solution of carbonaceous centrifuge pH value be 8-11, total content of organic carbon 0.6-3.0g/L, Total nitrogen content is 18-90mg/L, total phosphorus content 15-50mg/L, and total potassium content is 0.5-1.0g/L, and total cadmium, lead, copper or zinc contain Amount is respectively less than 1.0mg/L filtrate, i.e. plant growth-promoting agent.
- 2. a kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk according to claim 1, Characterized in that, when field-crop stalk described in step 1 is rice straw, thermal cracking temperature is 300-400 DEG C；Wheat stalk When, thermal cracking temperature is 350-450 DEG C；During maize straw, thermal cracking temperature is 350-500 DEG C.
- 3. a kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk according to claim 1, Characterized in that, the programming rate of thermal cracking is 2-5 DEG C/min in step 1.
- 4. a kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk according to claim 1, Characterized in that, the particle diameter of fine powder is 1mm in step 2.
- 5. a kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk according to claim 1, Characterized in that, dilute alkaline soln described in step 2 is 0.2-0.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution.
- 6. a kind of method for preparing plant growth-promoting agent using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk according to claim 1, Characterized in that, the speed centrifuged in step 3 is 5000rpm.
- 7. the application based on claim 1 gained plant growth-promoting agent on vegetable crop.
- 8. application of the plant growth-promoting agent according to claim 7 on vegetable crop, it is characterised in that by plant growth-promoting agent 50-200 times of dilution is watered, is applied to using drip irrigation or with irrigation water around crop root, 8-10 is co-administered since seedling stage It is secondary, each administration interval 4-7 days, avoid administration rainy days.
- 9. application of the plant growth-promoting agent according to claim 8 on vegetable crop, it is characterised in that the plant growth-promoting Agent, which is watered, is diluted to pH as 7.
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| CN201710830307.8A CN107867951A (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2017-09-14 | A kind of method and its application that plant growth-promoting agent is prepared using heavy metal pollution field-crop stalk |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113265256A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-17 | 兰州大学 | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114621041A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-14 | 金华生物质产业科技研究院 | Method for preparing plant growth promoting agent by using kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry waste in synergy mode |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102204436A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-10-05 | 南京农业大学 | Soil treatment method for inhibiting Cd/Pb absorption of rice in contaminated farm land |
| US20160075608A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2016-03-17 | Ekobalans Fenix Ab | Production of nutrient-rich biochar from a residual material |
| CN106699237A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Resource utilization method for straw produced after phytoremediation of soil heavy metal pollution |
-
2017
- 2017-09-14 CN CN201710830307.8A patent/CN107867951A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102204436A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-10-05 | 南京农业大学 | Soil treatment method for inhibiting Cd/Pb absorption of rice in contaminated farm land |
| US20160075608A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2016-03-17 | Ekobalans Fenix Ab | Production of nutrient-rich biochar from a residual material |
| CN106699237A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Resource utilization method for straw produced after phytoremediation of soil heavy metal pollution |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113265256A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-17 | 兰州大学 | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114621041A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-14 | 金华生物质产业科技研究院 | Method for preparing plant growth promoting agent by using kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry waste in synergy mode |
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