CN107854507B - 一种从艾叶中提取黄酮类成分的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种从艾叶中提取黄酮类成分的方法，采用以下步骤：艾叶丝经醇提后萃取、浓缩得浓膏，浓膏复溶后过MCI柱，洗脱后蒸干溶剂得含五种黄酮类成分的艾叶提取物。上述方法获得的艾叶提取物，含有异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’‑三羟基‑6,3’,5’‑三甲氧基黄酮和高车前素，总含量不小于80%。该艾叶提取物可用于制备抗肿瘤癌症药物和抗菌消炎药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从艾叶中提取黄酮类成分的方法，属于中药提取领域。
背景技术
艾叶为菊科蒿属植物艾(Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant)的叶子，作为传统中草药，在我国广泛分布。艾叶苦、辛，温，归肝脾肾经，具有温经止血、散寒止痛、调经安胎的作用，为“止血要药”，是中医妇科常用药之一。临床主要用于经寒不调，少腹冷痛，寒凝经脉，安胎，杀虫止痒等。近代药理学及临床研究发现艾叶还具有止咳平喘、清除体内自由基、增强机体免疫力、预防和治疗癌症、杀菌抗病毒、止血、抗过敏、保护心血管系统及保肝利胆等作用。
艾叶药用历史悠久，始载于《名医别录》，虽然在民间应用已有几千年的历史，但对其药效成分进行科学分析和利用，则始于近代。近几十年来，随着艾叶在药理作用方面的广泛开展，对其化学成分的研究也进一步深入，特别是提取分离技术以及气相色谱质谱联用、液相色谱质谱联用等技术日益成熟，人们对艾叶化学成分的研究更是全面深入。近年来研究发现，艾叶的药用成分主要有挥发油，其次还有黄酮类、三萜类、桉叶烷类等。艾叶中药理作用较强的黄酮类成分包括异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素等，然而采用不同提取技术提取物中有效成分种类和含量亦有不同，目前尚无提取高含量异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素等黄酮类组分的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对艾叶提取中的问题，提供一种简便、高效获得异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素等五种黄酮类成分的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种从艾叶中提取黄酮类成分的方法，采用以下步骤：
（1）称取干燥的艾叶丝加溶剂提取并过滤，过滤后残渣继续提取，合并滤液；
可选地，所述艾叶丝的宽度为0.3-0.5cm。
可选地，所述溶剂为甲醇或乙醇，优选为体积分数为70%-100%（v/v）的甲醇或70%-95%（v/v）的乙醇。
可选地，溶剂的加入量为艾叶重量的8-10倍。
作为优选，艾叶或残渣的提取方法为回流或超声；提取时间为1-2h。
更为优选的，提取过程中温度为80℃-100℃。
（2）将步骤（1）滤液浓缩得浓缩液；
可选地，浓缩方式为旋转蒸发或者薄膜蒸发；浓缩为原体积的10%-15%。
（3）将浓缩液多次萃取，合并得萃取液，浓缩，得浓膏；
可选地，所述萃取过程为先以石油醚（60-90）萃取，弃去萃取液残液再以二氯甲烷萃取；萃取次数优选为3-5次，每次量为浓缩液1/4-1/3体积倍。
（4）浓膏复溶后过MCI树脂色谱柱，用溶剂洗脱，收集洗脱液；
所述复溶的溶剂为甲醇，用量为1-2体积倍；色谱柱填料为聚苯乙烯型MCI树脂，洗脱过程为先以甲醇：水（70：30）洗脱，再以甲醇洗脱，用量优选为2-3个柱体积。
（5）将洗脱液浓缩，蒸干，得粉末，为含黄酮类化合物的艾叶提取物。
所述浓缩方法为旋转蒸发或者薄膜蒸发。
一种上述方法获得的艾叶提取物，含有异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮和高车前素，总含量不小于80%。
上述艾叶提取物在制备抗肿瘤癌症药物和抗菌消炎药物中的应用。
上述艾叶提取物在制备减肥、降糖、护肝、养胃功能性食品中的应用。
本发明具有以下有益优点：本发明提取方法简单、溶剂可回收，所得产品黄酮含量高、杂质少，抗肿瘤及抗炎作用明显，可作为医药原料药使用。
附图说明
图1为5种黄酮类组分标准品的HPLC色谱图；
图2为艾叶提取物的HPLC色谱图；
其中，1是芹菜素，2是高车前素，3是5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮，4是棕矢车菊素，5是异泽兰黄素。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 含5种黄酮类化合物的艾叶提取物的制备。
（1）称取宽度为0.3cm的干燥艾叶丝加8重量倍的70%（v/v）甲醇加热回流提取1h后过滤，滤渣继续提取1次，合并滤液；
（2）将步骤（1）滤液旋转蒸发，回收溶剂，浓缩为原体积的12%，得浓缩液；
（3）将浓缩液先以浓缩液1/3体积倍石油醚（60-90）萃取再以浓缩液1/3体积倍二氯甲烷萃取；萃取3次，得萃取液，浓缩，得浓膏；
（4）浓膏以2体积倍甲醇复溶后过聚苯乙烯型MCI树脂色谱柱，先以2-3个柱体积甲醇：水（70：30）洗脱，再以2-3个柱体积甲醇洗脱，收集洗脱液；
（5）将洗脱液旋转蒸发，回收溶剂，蒸干，得粉末，为含5种黄酮类化合物的艾叶提取物。
实施例2 艾叶提取物中黄酮类物质的检测。
采用高效液相色谱法测定实施例1中艾叶提取物中黄酮类物质的含量。
将异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素的标准品以甲醇溶解配制为标准品溶液；将实施例1中的艾叶提取物以甲醇溶解配制成待测液。色谱条件如下：色谱仪：Waters UPLC H-class；流动相：乙腈:0.1%磷酸水溶液（25:75），流速：0.5mL/min，色谱柱：ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18（1.7μm，2.1×50mm）；检测波长：355nm。5种黄酮类物质的色谱图如图1所示，实施例1中艾叶提取物的色谱图如图2所示。经计算，实施例1所得艾叶提取物中异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素的含量分别为34.6%%、28.7%、3.1%、6.9%和8.2%，黄酮类物质的总量为81.5%。
实施例3 艾叶提取物的抗炎活性。
含有异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素等五种黄酮类成分的艾叶提取物用DMSO配制成50 mg/mL储存液，加药时用无血清DMEM培养基稀释成50 μg/mL、25μg/mL、12.5 μg/mL的供试品药液。
取对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞，以胰酶（0.25%）-EDTA（0.02%）混合液消化，约2min后，弃去混合液，用10% FBS DMEM培养基中和胰酶，轻轻吹打，使其成为单细胞悬液，离心弃去上清液，用完全培养基重悬细胞，并调整细胞悬液至3×105个/mL，按每孔100 μL加入至96孔培养板，37℃、5% CO2培养24 h，吸去每孔上清液，再加入100 μL无血清DMEM培养基，随机分为对照组、脂多糖（LPS）（1 μg/mL）组、脂多糖（LPS）（1 μg/mL）＋艾叶提取物（50μg/mL）组，加入相应药物后，每组设3个复孔，5% CO2、37 ℃下培养24 h后，取上清液用于一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等炎症因子的检测。
表1 艾叶提取物对RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的影响
| 组别 | NO/(μmol/mL) | TNF-α/(ng/mL) | IL-6/(ng/mL) |
| 对照 | 0.6382±0.010 | 0.0211±0.0028 | 0.0010±0.0003 |
| 模型（LPS） | 6.5833±0.2321## | 43.6322±1.7821## | 0.6948±0.0046## |
| LPS+50 | 2.8439±0.2874** | 22.1147±3.484** | 0.3017±0.0040** |
| LPS+25 | 3.4508±0.1983** | 26.8838±2.7382** | 0.3905±0.0056** |
| LPS+12.5 | 4.800±0.3090** | 31.2932±2.9310** | 0.4677±0.0024** |
注：表中##表示与空白组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.01），**代表与模型组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.01）
艾叶提取物对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞释放NO、TNF-α和IL-6均显著的抑制作用。
实施例4 艾叶提取物的抗炎活性。
取含有异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮、高车前素等五种黄酮类成分的提取物，精密称重，加0.5mL DMSO溶解，加到100mL灭菌三蒸水充分溶解，在无菌环境用G6滤器无菌抽滤，配制成2.5mg/mL的艾叶提取物溶液，4℃保存，备用。
取对数生长期SGC-7901细胞，调浓度为5×104个/mL，按每孔200μL加入96孔细胞培养板，共24孔，将艾叶提取物溶液液逐倍稀释，得浓度为250μg/mL、125μg/mL、62.5μg/mL、31.25μg/mL、15.625μg/mL、7.8125μg/mL 3.90625μg/mL的7个浓度系列溶液，以每孔50μL加入到培养板中，每浓度3个平行孔，余3孔作为对照组，再用RPMI1640培养液200μL加3孔作为调零孔，5%CO2 37℃恒温培养箱培养3-5天，每孔加5mg /mL的MTT 20μL继续培养4h，弃去孔内上清，用PBS液轻洗3次，每孔再加DMSO 150μL，振荡10min；以调零孔吸光度调零，酶标仪测OD490值，按下列公式求细胞存活率以及IC50：细胞存活率= (OD药物处理组- OD调零孔)/（OD对照组-OD调零孔）×100%。数据采用spss软件处理，P＜0.01为显著性差异。
表2 MTT法测定艾叶提取物对SGC-7901胃癌细胞的影响
| 浓度 | OD值（X±s） | 存活率 |
| 250 | 0.47±0.08 | 14.8% |
| 125 | 0.69±0.05 | 22.1% |
| 62.5 | 0.99±0.09 | 32.2% |
| 31.25 | 1.43±0.11 | 47.0% |
| 15.625 | 2.02±0.11 | 66.8% |
| 7.8125 | 2.21±0.13 | 73.2% |
| 3.90625 | 2.60±0.19 | 86.2% |
| 0 | 3.01±0.16 | 100.0% |
实验结果表明，与对照组相比较，艾叶提取物各剂量对SGC-7901细胞增殖均有抑制作用，且有剂量-效应关系。
实施例5 含5种黄酮类化合物的艾叶提取物的制备。
一种从艾叶中提取黄酮类成分的方法，采用以下步骤：
（1）称取宽度为0.5cm的干燥的艾叶丝，加艾叶10重量倍的75%（v/v）乙醇超声提取2h，过滤，残渣重复提取1次，合并滤液；
（2）将步骤（1）滤液旋转蒸发，回收溶剂，浓缩为原体积的10%，得浓缩液；
（3）将浓缩液先以浓缩液1/4体积倍石油醚（60~90）萃取再以浓缩液1/4体积倍二氯甲烷萃取，各萃取5次，得萃取液，浓缩，得浓膏；
（4）浓膏以甲醇复溶，然后过聚苯乙烯型MCI树脂色谱柱，先以3柱体积的甲醇：水（70：30）洗脱，再以2柱体积甲醇洗脱，收集洗脱液；
（5）将洗脱液旋转蒸发至干，得粉末，为含5种黄酮类化合物的艾叶提取物。采用高效液相色谱法测定，所得艾叶提取物中五种黄酮类物质的总含量为81.2%。
Claims (6)
1.一种从艾叶中提取黄酮类成分的方法，其特征在于，采用以下步骤：
（1）称取干燥的艾叶丝加溶剂提取并过滤，过滤后残渣继续提取，合并滤液；
（2）将步骤（1）滤液浓缩得浓缩液；
（3）将浓缩液多次萃取，得萃取液，浓缩，得浓膏；
（4）浓膏复溶后过MCI树脂色谱柱，用溶剂洗脱，收集洗脱液；
（5）将洗脱液浓缩，蒸干，得粉末即含黄酮类化合物的艾叶提取物；
步骤（1）中，溶剂为甲醇或乙醇；
步骤（3）中，所述萃取过程为先以石油醚60-90萃取，弃萃取液，再以二氯甲烷萃取残液；
步骤（4）中，色谱柱填料为聚苯乙烯型MCI树脂；
步骤（4）中，洗脱过程为先以70:30比例的甲醇:水洗脱，再以甲醇洗脱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，溶剂的加入量为艾叶重量的8-10倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，提取方法为回流或超声。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中，复溶的溶剂为甲醇。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的方法获得的艾叶提取物，其特征在于，含有异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素、芹菜素、5,7,4’-三羟基-6,3’,5’-三甲氧基黄酮和高车前素，其总含量不小于80%。
6.一种如权利要求5所述的艾叶提取物在制备抗肿瘤癌症药物和抗菌消炎药物中的应用。
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