CN107852989A - A kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding - Google Patents
A kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN107852989A CN107852989A CN201711123122.XA CN201711123122A CN107852989A CN 107852989 A CN107852989 A CN 107852989A CN 201711123122 A CN201711123122 A CN 201711123122A CN 107852989 A CN107852989 A CN 107852989A
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- transplanting
- loquat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
Invention discloses a kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, and its step includes:A, prepared by Nutrition Soil；B, transplant seedlings；C, managed after transplanting seedlings；D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.This method is easy to operate, sound root system, robust growth, the container seedling with Nutrition Soil can quickly be obtained, it disclosure satisfy that the Modern orchard building techniques demands such as high transplanting survival rate, throughout the year transplanting, fast rapid-result garden, the problems such as bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate is low, seedling-slowing stage is long, the suitable cultivation phase is short, is solved in scientific research, production, using this method culture loquat container seedling, cycle is short, and planting percent is high, cost is low, transplanting Hou Cheng gardens effect is good.This method is especially suitable for being engaged in loquat and R＆D institution, company and the individual of other evergreen fruit trees scientific researches and production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding.
Background technology
Loquat belongs to rose family Maloideae Eriobotrya, Latin literary fame：Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)
Lindl.For this tall evergreen fruit trees, being that south China is important one of cultivates apple trees.Loquat originates in southeast China, because of leaf-shaped
Like Chinese lute musical instrument, name, alias are called reed tangerine, Lu Zhi, golden ball, scorching fruit, Jiao Zi.Loquat is different from most of fruit tree, in autumn or
Early winter blooms, and fruit is ripe in spring to early summer, all more early than other fruit, therefore is " solely for seasonal pathogens,exopathogens in fruit tree by title
Person ".Loquat growth is one of important industry that south China increasing peasant income are got rich, and the key farm products that China's export is earned foreign exchange
One of.
Loquat nursery stock is available to grow directly from seeds, grafting, cuttage and breeds the methods of press strip (high pressure), in order to adapt to the good of loquat fruit
Kindization and commercialization, production at present is upper mainly to use propagation by grafiting.Loquat grafting is typically carried out in spring, can also be entered in autumn
OK, grafting goes out garden after Second Year spring and heeled in, or directly plants in Newly built orchard.
All it is bare-root seeding (i.e. root system is exposed outside, the seedling without Tu Tuo) when loquat seedling goes out garden, in mining process, because will
Seedling root is separated with soil, and root combined with soil it is more close, so be easily damaged seedling root, and be unearthed seedling can only
Take a small amount of original soil.In this case, bare-root seeding is only suitable for transplanting when spring temperature is not high, and other seasons easily cause to set
Body is withered, is not suitable for transplanting, thus can not meet produce reality needs, is delayed the production schedule.
Meanwhile during bare-root seeding transplanting, root system can not normally unfold, and pin is needed to tread after covering root with soil, this is undoubtedly
Damage root again.After bare-root seeding transplanting, because not in the grown on soil of former growing location, therefore there is longer slow seedling
Phase, while survival rate is relatively low.
We have carried out experimental study for many years around this problem, low for loquat bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate, are unsuitable for often
Year transplanting problem, summary invent a kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, this method is easy to operate, using this
Method can quickly obtain root system sound, robust growth, the container seedling with Nutrition Soil, and disclosure satisfy that high transplanting survival rate, throughout the year
The Modern orchard building techniques demands such as transplanting, fast rapid-result garden, it is low, slow also to solve bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate in scientific research, production
The problems such as long, the suitable cultivation phase in seedling stage is short, using this method culture loquat container seedling, the cycle is short, and planting percent is high, cost is low, after transplanting
It is good into garden effect.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepared by Nutrition Soil：Husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand are pressed 1:1:(1-3):1 volume ratio stirring
Mix, then covered with plastic foil, after high temperature banks up processing 40-50 days, load 20~25cm of diameter, high 25~30cm black
It is standby in flexible plastic container for plant growth；
(2) transplant seedlings：Cool weather in late September-autumn late October, and selection kind is pure, robust growth, scion part
Highly reach 25-35cm loquat seedling, dug out from land for growing field crops, keep during lifting root system complete and root system is appropriate as far as possible
Trimming, wound cut flat processing, it is desirable to now play existing cultivation, the same day is transplanted into the container for plant growth for having installed Nutrition Soil, after transplanting once
Property irrigate root water, be then placed on vinyl house seedbed, greenhouse external application sunshade net shelters from heat or light, sunshading and temperature reducing, promote transplanting after
Nursery stock survives；
(3) managed after transplanting seedlings：When canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, canopy both sides ventilating opening is opened, it is aeration-cooling, keep in canopy
20-30 DEG C of temperature；When relative humidity is less than 80% in canopy, spray irrigation system is opened, to increase humidity, keeps soil in nutritive cube
The stable water content 60% or so of relative humidity, to reduce the rising consumption of transplanted seedling；When rainy days, illumination was weaker, take off in time
Sunshade net is opened, increases intensity of illumination, promotes root system healing growth；After transplanting 40 days, new root is formed, with containing 1% urea and 0.5%
The aqueous solution of compound fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which pours, to be applied, and promotes root growth；
(4) disease pest and weed is prevented and treated：Because of high humidity in greenhouse, illumination difference, temperature is 20-30 DEG C, is easier to occur tikka, white
The disease pest and weeds such as powder, aphid, yellow caterpillar, weeds, to be prevented and treated in time according to epidemic situation.
Preferably, Nutrition Soil described in step (1) is husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand by 1:1:2:1 ratio is mixed
It is even, and high temperature banks up processing.
The present invention technique effect be：
(1) method of a kind of loquat container seedling quickly breeding of the invention, because grafting is cultivated in container for plant growth, seedling
Whole container for plant growth can directly be taken away during wood transplanting crop field, balled transplanting, so nursery stock root will not be caused to be damaged, thus
Long-term transplanting can be realized, meanwhile, directly nursery stock band soil is put in planting pit during transplanting, without being treaded again with pin, Bu Huizao
Into the impaired of nursery stock root, make the survival rate of nursery stock higher, this scheme makes to shorten growth week without seedling-slowing stage after Nursery stock transplanting
Phase, can more precocity fruiting, increase economic benefit；
(2) low for loquat bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate, the problem of being unsuitable for transplanting throughout the year, the present invention is suitable by choosing
Different Transplanting Periods (autumn cools season), loquat seedling is transplanted into plastic containers from nursery in advance, meanwhile, it is supporting suitable
Curing condition, it is final quick to obtain sound root system, robust growth, the container seedling with Nutrition Soil, overcome naked in scientific research, production
The technical barrier that offspring transplanting survival rate is low, seedling-slowing stage is long, the suitable cultivation phase is short.Transplant compared to traditional bare-root seeding, greatly improve
Seedling transplanting survival rate, and loquat growth cycle is shortened, without seedling-slowing stage so as to more precocity fruiting, increase after transplanting
Economic benefit；
(3) this method is used, grafting is transplanted in special Nutrition Soil, is positioned on greenhouse seedbed, coordinates timing to spray,
Slow seedling is fast, and well developed root system, seedling growth is vigorous, is advantageous to result, high yield ahead of time；
(4) this method is used, grafting is cultivated in container for plant growth, can be by whole container for plant growth during nursery stock transplanting crop field
Directly take away, balled transplanting, thus unrestricted transplanting throughout the year can be realized, convenient operation；
(5) directly nursery stock band soil is put in planting pit when transplanting, without root system is separated with original soil, nursery stock will not be caused
Root is damaged, and the survival rate of nursery stock is up to more than 95%；
(6) shorten growth cycle without seedling-slowing stage after this method Nursery stock transplanting, can more precocity fruiting, income ahead of time, increase
Economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of bare-root seeding field growing situation；
Fig. 2 is a kind of container seedling field growing situation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is further elaborated with reference to embodiment：
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepared by Nutrition Soil：
When temperature is higher at the beginning of September by the end of August, husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand are pressed 1:1:1:1 ratio stirring
Mix, then covered with plastic foil, after high temperature banks up processing 40 days, load diameter 20cm, high 25cm black flexible plastic nursery
Containers for future use；
(2) transplant seedlings：
Cool weather in autumn late September, and selection kind is pure, robust growth, and scion Partial Height reaches 25cm Pi
Rake seedling, digs out from land for growing field crops, keeps during lifting root system complete as far as possible, and root system is suitably trimmed, wound cuts flat processing,
Ask existing and play existing cultivation, the same day is transplanted into the container for plant growth for having installed Nutrition Soil, root water is disposably poured after transplanting, is then placed
In on vinyl house seedbed, greenhouse external application sunshade net shelters from heat or light, sunshading and temperature reducing, and nursery stock survives after promotion transplanting；
(3) managed after transplanting seedlings：
25 DEG C or so of temperature of shed is kept, when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, opens canopy both sides ventilating opening, ventilation drop
Temperature；When relative humidity is less than 80% in canopy, spray irrigation system work of water sprinkling for better material moisture is opened, keeps relative moisture of the soil in nutritive cube stable
In 60% or so water content, the rising consumption of transplanted seedling is reduced.First week after transplanting, all use Shading net covering daily, one week with
Afterwards, when fine day illumination is stronger, sunshade net is covered in time；When rainy days, illumination was weaker, sunshade net is opened in time, and increase illumination is strong
Degree, promote root system healing growth.After transplanting 40 days, new root is formed, and every 20 days, is answered with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% urea+0.5%
The Hefei aqueous solution, which pours, to be applied once, promotes root growth；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Desinsection, bactericidal agent are sprayed in time, to prevent and treat graywall, ring spot, dirty leaf disease, moth class, aphid mite class etc.；
(5) 50 days after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage has been fully completed, and new root is largely formed, and seedling growth is healthy and strong, can be transplanted at any time
Crop field.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepared by Nutrition Soil：
When mid-August, temperature was higher, husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand are pressed 1:1:2:1 ratio stirring is mixed
It is even, then covered with plastic foil, after high temperature banks up processing 50 days, the black flexible plastic nursery for loading diameter 20cm, high 25cm is held
It is standby in device；
(2) transplant seedlings：
Cool weather in autumn early October, and selection kind is pure, robust growth, and scion Partial Height reaches 30cm Pi
Rake seedling, other are the same as embodiment 1；
(3) managed after transplanting seedlings：
25 DEG C or so of temperature of shed is kept, when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, opens canopy both sides ventilating opening, ventilation drop
Temperature；When relative humidity is less than 80% in canopy, spray irrigation system work of water sprinkling for better material moisture is opened, keeps relative moisture of the soil in nutritive cube stable
In 60% or so water content, the rising consumption of transplanted seedling is reduced.First week after transplanting, all use Shading net covering daily, one week with
Afterwards, when fine day illumination is stronger, sunshade net is covered in time；When rainy days, illumination was weaker, sunshade net is opened in time, and increase illumination is strong
Degree, promote root system healing growth.After transplanting 40 days, new root is formed, and every 25 days, is answered with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% urea+0.5%
The Hefei aqueous solution, which pours, to be applied once, promotes root growth；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Desinsection, bactericidal agent are sprayed in time, to prevent and treat graywall, ring spot, dirty leaf disease, moth class, aphid mite class etc.；
(5) 50 days after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage has been fully completed, and new root is largely formed, and seedling growth is healthy and strong, can be transplanted at any time
Crop field.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepared by Nutrition Soil：
When early September, temperature was higher, husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand are pressed 1:1:3:1 ratio stirring is mixed
It is even, then covered with plastic foil, after high temperature banks up processing 50 days, the black flexible plastic nursery for loading diameter 25cm, high 30cm is held
It is standby in device；
(2) transplant seedlings：
Cool weather in autumn late October, and selection kind is pure, robust growth, and scion Partial Height reaches 35cm Pi
Rake seedling, other are the same as embodiment 1；
(3) managed after transplanting seedlings：
25 DEG C or so of temperature of shed is kept, when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, opens canopy both sides ventilating opening, ventilation drop
Temperature；When relative humidity is less than 80% in canopy, spray irrigation system work of water sprinkling for better material moisture is opened, keeps relative moisture of the soil in nutritive cube stable
In 60% or so water content, the rising consumption of transplanted seedling is reduced.First week after transplanting, all use Shading net covering daily, one week with
Afterwards, when fine day illumination is stronger, sunshade net is covered in time；When rainy days, illumination was weaker, sunshade net is opened in time, and increase illumination is strong
Degree, promote root system healing growth.After transplanting 40 days, new root is formed, and every 30 days, is answered with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% urea+0.5%
The Hefei aqueous solution, which pours, to be applied once, promotes root growth；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Desinsection, bactericidal agent are sprayed in time, to prevent and treat graywall, ring spot, dirty leaf disease, moth class, aphid mite class etc.；
(5) 50 days after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage has been fully completed, and new root is largely formed, and seedling growth is healthy and strong, can be transplanted at any time
Crop field.
At the beginning of 3 months, the embodiment 1-3 that same year is cultivated container seedling and loquat bare-root seeding are chosen, is transplanted in same
Block, then, using identical production management measure, until October then, the survival rate situation of 90 plants of little trees, knot is counted respectively
Fruit such as table 1 below：
The container seedling of table 1 and bare-root seeding survive situation contrast
As a result show, survival rate only has 57.8% behind bare-root seeding transplanting crop field, and survival rate is high behind container transplantation of seedlings crop field
Up to more than 95%, bare-root seeding is significantly better than.
In December then, selection respectively is transplanted each in the embodiment 1-3 in same plot container seedling and loquat bare-root seeding
30 plants, measurement counts branch quantity and tree body height, as a result such as table 2 below：
The container seedling of table 2 and the contrast of bare-root seeding growing state
| Processing | Branch quantity (individual) | Tree body height (cm) |
| Embodiment 1 | 9.5 | 135 |
| Embodiment 2 | 10.3 | 146 |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.7 | 138 |
| Bare-root seeding | 3.6 | 104 |
As a result show, behind bare-root seeding transplanting crop field, the branch quantity and tree body of bare-root seeding are highly real significantly lower than the present invention
Apply the container seedling of a 1-3.
In addition, can be seen that Fig. 1 bare-root seeding field growing situations from description of the invention accompanying drawing Fig. 1-2 and be：Growth potential compared with
Weak, branch is few, plant part death (circle marked position)；A kind of container seedling field growing situations of Fig. 2 are：Growth potential is stronger, point
Branch is more, and survival rate is high.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) prepared by Nutrition Soil：Husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand are pressed 1:1:(1-3):1 volume ratio stirs and evenly mixs, Then covered with plastic foil, after high temperature banks up processing 40-50 days, load diameter 20~25cm, high 25~30cm soft modeling of black Expect standby in container for plant growth；(2) transplant seedlings：Cool weather in late September-autumn late October, and selection kind is pure, robust growth, scion Partial Height Reach 25-35cm loquat seedling, dug out from land for growing field crops, keep during lifting root system complete as far as possible, and root system is suitably trimmed, Wound cuts flat processing, it is desirable to now plays existing cultivation, the same day is transplanted into the container for plant growth for having installed Nutrition Soil, is disposably irrigated after transplanting Root water, it is then placed on vinyl house seedbed, greenhouse external application sunshade net shelters from heat or light, sunshading and temperature reducing, promotes nursery stock after transplanting Survive；(3) managed after transplanting seedlings：When canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, canopy both sides ventilating opening is opened, it is aeration-cooling, keep temperature of shed About 20-30 DEG C；When relative humidity is less than 80% in canopy, spray irrigation system is opened, to increase humidity, keeps soil phase in nutritive cube To water content of the moisture stable 60% or so, to reduce the rising consumption of transplanted seedling；When rainy days, illumination was weaker, open in time Sunshade net, increase intensity of illumination, promote root system healing growth；After transplanting 40 days, new root is formed, with containing 1% urea and 0.5% phosphorus The aqueous solution of acid dihydride K composite fertilizer, which pours, to be applied, and promotes root growth；(4) disease pest and weed is prevented and treated：Because of high humidity in greenhouse, illumination difference, temperature is 20-30 DEG C, is easier to that tikka, white powder, aphid occurs The disease pest and weeds such as worm, yellow caterpillar, weeds, to be prevented and treated in time according to epidemic situation.
- 2. a kind of method of loquat container seedling quickly breeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (1) Nutrition Soil is husk, turfy soil, surface soil, fine sand by 1:1:2:1 ratio mixes, and high temperature banks up processing.
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Citations (3)
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| CN105993804A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江省柑桔研究所 | Method for preparing nutrient soil from earthworm cast for breeding of citrus container mycorrhizal seedlings |
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| CN106106001A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-16 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of Semen Castanopsis chinensis container seedling culture method |
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2017
- 2017-11-14 CN CN201711123122.XA patent/CN107852989B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993804A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江省柑桔研究所 | Method for preparing nutrient soil from earthworm cast for breeding of citrus container mycorrhizal seedlings |
| CN106105983A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of Cyclocarya paliurus Iljinskaja Container nursery technique of optimization |
| CN106106001A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-16 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of Semen Castanopsis chinensis container seedling culture method |
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| 沈兆敏等: "《柑橘优良品种及丰产技术问答》", 31 July 2011, 金盾出版社 * |
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