CN107851621A - 散热结构及其形成方法 - Google Patents
散热结构及其形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107851621A CN107851621A CN201580081866.2A CN201580081866A CN107851621A CN 107851621 A CN107851621 A CN 107851621A CN 201580081866 A CN201580081866 A CN 201580081866A CN 107851621 A CN107851621 A CN 107851621A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种散热结构,所述散热结构包括第一导电层和复合层,所述复合层依次包括结构化粘合剂层和在所述第一导电层上具有涂层的第二导电层,其中所述结构化粘合剂层包括至少一个聚合物区域和至少一个空隙区域。所述复合层还具有暴露所述第一导电层的一部分的接地开口以用于接地目的。本发明还提供了一种散热条带及其形成方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电子设备的散热结构,并且具体地涉及散热条带,该散热条带被设计成追求更薄和多功能特性。
背景技术
随着电子科学技术的不断进步,各种电子产品得到越来越广泛的应用。此类产品的电子部件不可避免地会产生大量的热量。如果不能有效地耗散,热量将在源周围聚积,导致电子部件表面的局部区域过热。按照常规,应该使用散热器来转移和耗散来自源的热量,以防止热量集中,并避免局部温度的异常升高。
石墨是制造散热器的常用材料,因为它具有非常好的导热性。但是,石墨是昂贵且非常脆弱的。标题为“膨胀颗粒压缩在一起的柔性石墨材料”(“Flexible graphitematerial of expanded particles compressed together”)的US 3,404,061描述了通过膨胀并且然后压缩经酸处理的可膨胀石墨颗粒来形成不含粘合剂的柔性石墨膜的方法。标题为“柔性石墨制品及其制造方法”(“Flexible graphite article and method ofmanufacture”)的US 6,432,336B1,描述了US 3,404,061中用于形成柔性石墨膜,诸如具有增强的同位素(或全向)特性而可用作热管理材料的树脂浸渍石墨膜的方法的改善。然而,即使进行上述修改,石墨也不能提供接地功能。
已经开发了多种导热材料例如导热金属(诸如铜)或者导热陶瓷或复合材料,以代替用于形成应用于电子部件热源的散热条带的石墨。散热条带通常为板状结构,并且包括至少三层。现有技术的散热条带的常见设计在如图1中示出。图1的散热条带10通常包括双面胶带12、导电层14、粘合剂层16、导电层18、粘合剂层20、导电层22以及绝缘层24。绝缘层24通常是粘合剂层,诸如包括PET层、灰色油墨层和粘合剂层的条带,并且通常具有约15μm至约25μm的厚度。此外,绝缘层24的一部分能够被剥离,使得导电层22的一部分将直接面向外部以用于接地目的。在使用中,绝缘层24设置在热源26处,中间导电层14、18和22负责转移来自热源26的热量,并且双面胶带12被层压在电子设备(未示出)的外表面。当从热源耗散热量时,热量将会聚积在绝缘层中,并且然后转移到导电层。因此,如果绝缘层太厚,则到导电层的热量转移将被延迟,从而导致电子产品的性能下降。
此外,开发更轻、更薄、多功能的产品一直是一个长期的趋势。因此,申请人试图为具有相同或增加的热转移性能和多功能特性的电子设备提供更薄的散热器。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种电子设备的散热结构,该散热结构具有多功能特性,并且能够快速且均匀地扩散并向外耗散来自热源的热量,从而避免热量集中以及电子设备的局部区域的温度异常升高。
根据本发明,散热结构包括第一导电层和形成在该第一导电层上的复合层;该复合层依次包括结构化粘合剂层和在其上具有涂层的第二导电层;其中该复合层具有暴露第一导电层的一部分的接地开口,并且结构化粘合剂层包括至少一个聚合物区域和至少一个空隙区域。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种散热条带,该散热条带包括易于使用的上述散热结构和粘合剂层。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于形成散热结构和散热条带的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供应用于上述散热结构的导热和电子绝缘层,其中该导热和电子绝缘层包括在导电层上具有涂层的导电层。
附图说明
从下面给出的详细描述和附图将更充分地理解本发明,这些描述仅用于说明,并且因此不对本发明进行限制,并且其中:
图1是现有技术的散热条带的示意图;并且
图2是根据本发明的一个优选实施方案的散热结构的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的一个优选实施方案的散热条带的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文中将会参考附图详细地描述本公开的一些实施方案,其中类似的参考编号是指类似的元件。然而,本公开可以多种不同形式体现,并且不应理解为限于本文示出的实施方案;相反,这些实施方案被提供使得本公开周密完整,并将本公开的原理完整地传达给本领域的技术人员。
图2是根据本发明的一个优选实施方案的散热结构的示意图。如图2所示,散热结构30包括第一导电层32,以及形成在第一导电层32上的复合层34。复合层34包括结构化粘合剂层36和具有在其上具有涂层42的第二导电层40的导热和电子绝缘层38。复合层34具有暴露第一导电层32的一部分的接地开口44,并且设置在热源46处。
根据本发明的一个方面,散热结构还可包括在复合层和第一导电层之间形成的多个导电层和/或多个粘合剂层,其中导电层与粘合剂层彼此交替布置。散热结构的总厚度不受特别限制,并且可为适合本发明的任何值;优选地,比常规结构更薄。在本发明的优选实施方案中,散热结构的总厚度在约30μm至约140μm的范围内,优选地在约50μm至约100μm的范围内,更优选地为约90μm。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,第一导电层、第二导电层和附加导电层不受特别限制,其示例包括但不限于铜、铝、金、银、锌、铁、镍、铂、它们的合金或它们的组合,优选地铜或铝。每个导电层的厚度不受特别限制,并且可为适合本发明的任何值。通常,导电层各自独立地具有约5μm至约50μm、优选地约15μm至约35μm或约25μm至约30μm的厚度。
根据本发明的一个方面,导热和电子绝缘层的涂层为散热结构提供绝缘功能。涂层包括油墨层和二氧化钛(TiO2)层,其中油墨可为灰色油墨,但不限于此。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,涂层可仅由与TiO2混合的油墨层组成。在导电层上形成涂层的方法不受特别限制,并且可应用常规已知的方法。形成涂层的方法的示例包括凹版涂覆或丝网印刷技术。涂层的厚度不受特别限制,并且可为适合本发明的任何值。在本发明的优选实施方案中,复合层的导热和电子绝缘层的涂层具有约1μm至约15μm、优选地约2μm至约10μm、约2μm至约8μm、约4μm至约6μm、更优选地约2μm至约5μm的厚度。
根据本发明的一个方面,结构化粘合剂层和附加粘合剂层不受特别限制,其示例包括但不限于热固性粘合剂、压敏粘合剂、热塑性弹性体粘合剂、热金属粘合剂或它们的组合。每个粘合剂层的厚度不受特别限制,并且可为适合本发明的任何值。通常,粘合剂层各自独立地具有约2μm至约50μm、优选地约5μm至约20μm、更优选地约5μm至约10μm的厚度。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,每个粘合剂层可独立地为包括至少一个聚合物区域和至少一个空隙区域的结构化粘合剂层。优选地,提供多个聚合物区域和多个空隙区域。在一些实施方案中,结构化粘合剂层的一个或多个聚合物区域包括粘合剂,该粘合剂的示例包括但不限于热固性粘合剂、压敏粘合剂、热塑性弹性体粘合剂、热金属粘合剂或它们的组合。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,结构化粘合剂层的一个或多个聚合物区域可包括粘合剂,该粘合剂选自丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂、橡胶压敏粘合剂、丙烯酸类粘合剂、聚氨酯粘合剂、聚酰亚胺粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、环氧粘合剂以及它们的组合。
在结构化粘合剂层中,一个或多个空隙区域的结构不受限制,并且可包括间隙、通道、孔、空穴、沟槽等。一个或多个空隙区域也可包括一种或多种气体,例如空气、氮气、二氧化碳以及它们的组合。一个或多个空隙区域的结构可包括不同结构的组合,例如沟槽和孔。在结构化粘合剂层中形成的一个或多个空隙区域的厚度和总体积不受特别限制,并且可为适合本发明的任何值。通常,一个或多个空隙区域可具有约2μm至约50μm、优选地约5μm至约20μm、更优选地约5μm至约10μm的高度。在结构化粘合剂层中形成的一个或多个空隙区域的总体积在结构化粘合剂层的体积的约20%至约90%的范围内;优选地,在结构化粘合剂层中形成的一个或多个空隙区域的总体积为结构化粘合剂层的体积的约三分之一。
根据本发明的一个方面,散热结构的复合层还具有暴露导电层的一部分以用于接地目的的接地开口。在复合层中形成接地开口的方法不受特别限制,并且可应用常规已知的方法。形成接地开口的方法的示例包括吻切技术。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,多个第一导电层、第二导电层和附加导电层优选地彼此电连接以用于接地目的。电连接导电层的方法不受特别限制,并且可应用常规已知的方法。电连接导电层的示例包括:对复合层表面的部分进行压机或压印,或者通过使用钝刀切割层的边缘侧,使得导电层部分地彼此连接。
根据本发明,散热结构可通过本领域已知的任何方法来制备。例如,可通过以下步骤来制备散热结构:a)提供第一导电层,b)形成复合层,该复合层依次包括结构化粘合剂层和具有在其上具有涂层的第二导电层的导热和电子绝缘层,以及c)在复合层中形成接地开口以暴露第一导电层的一部分。
本发明也提供了一种散热条带,该散热条带包括上述散热结构以及附接到与复合层相背对的第一导电层的底部粘合剂层。底部粘合剂层不受特别限制,其示例包括但不限于热固性粘合剂、压敏粘合剂、热塑性弹性体粘合剂、热金属粘合剂或它们的组合。底部粘合剂层的厚度不受特别限制,并且可为适合本发明的任何值。通常,底部粘合剂层具有约2μm至约30μm、优选地约5μm至约15μm、更优选地约8μm至约10μm的厚度。为了接地的目的,底部粘合剂层可选自导电粘合剂。在本发明的优选实施方案中,底部粘合剂层是易于使用的导电双面胶带。
图3是根据本发明的一个优选实施方案的散热条带的示意图。参见图3,散热条带50依次包括底部粘合剂层52、第一导电层54、粘合剂层56、另一个导电层58以及复合层60,该复合层包括粘合剂层62和包括具有涂层68的(第二)导电层66的导热和电子绝缘层64。复合层60具有暴露导电层58的一部分的接地开口70,并且设置在热源72处。
以下实施例将举例说明本发明的各个方面,并解释本发明的技术特征,但并不旨在限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员容易做出的修改和等同布置落入由所附权利要求书限定的本发明所要求保护的范围内。
实施例
比较散热条带的制备
提供购自CSALU公司(CSALU company)的18μm Al层,并且将其层压在购自3M公司(3M Company)的具有40μm厚度的双面条带6604A上,然后在与该双面条带相背对的Al层上形成具有8μm厚度的结构化粘合剂层。结构化粘合剂层的粘合区域和空隙区域(空气)交替地以45°的角度分布,其中粘合区域的宽度为1mm,并且空气区域的宽度为2mm。结构化粘合剂层的粘合区域选自丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂,该丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂具有94重量份的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)和用作单体并通过凹版涂覆进行涂覆的6重量份的丙烯酸(AA)。在该材料上依次形成具有35μm厚度的另一个Al层、具有8μm厚度的另一个结构化粘合剂层以及具有35μm厚度的另一个Al层,并且将购自3M公司(3M Company)的具有20μm总厚度的单面条带6T16G(包括12μm PET层、3μm灰色油墨层和5μm粘合剂层)层压在该材料上。所得的散热条带具有164μm的总厚度(参见表1)。
表1
材料 | 厚度(μm) |
绝缘层(单面条带6T16G) | 20 |
Al | 35 |
结构化粘合剂层 | 8 |
Al | 35 |
结构化粘合剂层 | 8 |
Al | 18 |
粘合剂(双面条带6604) | 40 |
总厚度 | 164 |
本发明的散热条带的制备
提供购自CSALU公司(CSALU company)的18μm Al层,并且将其层压在购自3M公司(3M Company)的具有10μm厚度的双面条带UTC-10上,然后在与该双面条带相背对的Al层上形成具有8μm厚度的结构化粘合剂层。结构化粘合剂层的粘合区域和空隙区域(空气)交替地以45°的角度分布,其中粘合区域的宽度为1mm,并且空气区域的宽度为2mm。结构化粘合剂层的粘合剂选自丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂,该丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂具有94重量份的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)和用作单体并通过凹版涂覆进行涂覆的6重量份的丙烯酸(AA),然后,在该材料上依次形成具有18μm厚度的另一个Al层、具有8μm厚度的另一个结构化粘合剂层和具有35μm厚度的另一个Al层,并且最后将购自台湾的Hansin Mei Kuang油墨公司(HansinMei Kuang ink company,Taiwan)的具有3μm总厚度的灰色油墨层涂覆在该材料上。所得的本发明的散热条带具有100μm的总厚度(参见表2)。
表2
结果
使用测试方法评估两种散热条带的电特性,其中将比较散热条带(164μm)和本发明的散热条带(100μm)分别粘附至1mm厚的PC/ABS板上,并且将热耦合器粘附至与散热条带相背对的PC/ABS板的一侧。购自Long Win公司(台湾)(Long Win Company(Taiwan))的加热器,该加热器是一个热仪表棒(2.54cm×2.54cm),并且散热条带和加热器之间具有1mm的距离。通过将加热器加热至73℃(类似于10.1英寸平板电脑的1.5W的CPU),可得出散热结果。表3列出了两种散热条带的结果。如表3所示,参照本发明的100μm条带的皮肤温度显示39℃,与164μm条带的温度相同。也就是说,比常规的散热条带薄得多的本发明的散热条带,仍然具有与厚条带相同的性能。
表3
对复合层的导电层上的涂层的电子绝缘能力测试
绝缘测试经由ASTM D1000进行。
涂层/绝缘层的比较例1为可从3M公司(3M Company)商购获得的胶带6T16G。
下面示出了涂层的实施例1和实施例2以及比较例2的成分,其中包含炭黑、TiO2、溶剂和PU树脂的油墨购自Hansin Mei Kuang油墨公司(Hansin Mei Kuang ink company)。
应当理解,随着涂层厚度的增加,电子绝缘能力将会增加。如下表4所示,比较例1的电子绝缘涂层为20μm,并且其击穿电压为3KV,而实施例1和实施例2的厚度大大降低至3μm,但电子绝缘能力分别为2KV和1KV。与NEMA MW1000的标准相比,对于最小裸线0.048mm(AWG尺寸44)的一侧的最薄绝缘涂层增加(0.0025mm,单次建立最小增加直径为0.05mm)的电子绝缘要求为300V。因此,应当理解,尽管实施例1和实施例2的电子绝缘性能不如比较例1的那么好,但随着涂层厚度的减小,实施例1和实施例2的电子绝缘能力不仅仍然能够满足每个NEMA要求的基本要求,而且与NEMA标准中的类似厚度的涂层相比也有很大的改善。
表4
综上所述,本发明的散热结构和散热条带较常规结构和条带较薄,结构简单,且能够快速均匀地耗散由电子设备的热源产生的热量,从而避免热量集中以及电子设备的局部区段的温度异常升高。而且,本发明的散热结构优选地具有接地设计并且包括金属导电层,使得其具有多功能性能,包括良好的电磁效应和接地效果以及电子绝缘效果。
虽然示出并描述了若干示例性实施方案,但本领域的技术人员将会理解,在不脱离本公开的原理和实质的条件下,一个实施方案中的一个或多个特征可与另一个实施方案中的特征互换,并且可在这些实施方案中进行各种改变或修改,本发明的范围限定在权利要求书及其等同物中。
Claims (21)
1.一种散热结构,所述散热结构包括:
第一导电层;以及
复合层,所述复合层在所述第一导电层上形成,所述复合层依次包括结构化粘合剂层和在其上具有涂层的第二导电层;
其中所述复合层具有暴露所述第一导电层的一部分的接地开口,并且所述结构化粘合剂层包括至少一个聚合物区域和至少一个空隙区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层各自独立地选自铜、铝、金、银、锌、铁、镍、铂、它们的合金以及它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述涂层包括油墨和二氧化钛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述涂层具有约1μm至约小于15μm的厚度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的散热结构,其中所述涂层具有约2μm至约5μm的厚度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述结构化粘合剂层的所述至少一个聚合物区域各自独立地包括粘合剂,所述粘合剂选自热固性粘合剂、压敏粘合剂、热塑性弹性体粘合剂、热金属粘合剂以及它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的散热结构,其中所述结构化粘合剂层的所述至少一个聚合物区域各自独立地包括粘合剂,所述粘合剂选自丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂、橡胶压敏粘合剂、丙烯酸类粘合剂、聚氨酯粘合剂、聚酰亚胺粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、环氧粘合剂以及它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述至少一个空隙区域选自间隙、通道、孔、空穴、沟槽以及它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述至少一个空隙区域包含选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳以及它们的组合中的一种或多种气体。
10.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述至少一个空隙区域具有约2μm至约50μm的高度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中在所述结构化粘合剂层中形成的所述空隙区域的总体积为所述结构化粘合剂层的体积的约20%至约90%。
12.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中在所述粘合层中形成的所述空隙区域的总体积为所述粘合层的体积的约三分之一。
13.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述散热结构的总厚度为约30μm至约140μm。
14.根据权利要求13所述的散热结构,其中所述散热结构的总厚度为约50μm至约90μm。
15.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,所述散热结构还包括在所述复合层和所述第一导电层之间形成的多个导电层和/或多个粘合剂层,其中所述导电层与所述粘合剂层彼此交替布置。
16.根据权利要求15所述的散热结构,其中所述多个粘合剂层各自独立地包括结构化粘合剂层。
17.根据权利要求15所述的散热结构,其中所述多个导电层彼此电连接。
18.根据权利要求1所述的散热结构,其中所述散热结构还包括附接到与所述复合层相背对的所述第一导电层的粘合剂层。
19.一种散热条带,所述散热条带包括:
粘合剂层;
第一导电层;以及
复合层,所述复合层在所述第一导电层上形成,所述复合层依次包括结构化粘合剂层和在其上具有涂层的第二导电层;
其中所述复合层具有暴露所述第一导电层的一部分的接地开口,并且所述结构化粘合剂层包括至少一个聚合物区域和至少一个空隙区域。
20.一种用于形成散热结构的方法,所述方法包括:
a)提供第一导电层;
b)在所述第一导电层上形成复合层,所述复合层依次包括结构化粘合剂层和在其上具有涂层的第二导电层,其中所述结构化粘合剂层包括至少一个聚合物区域和至少一个空隙区域;以及
c)在所述复合层中形成接地开口以暴露所述第一导电层的一部分。
21.应用于根据权利要求1所述的散热结构的导热和电子绝缘层,所述导热和电子绝缘层包括在所述导电层上具有涂层的导电层。
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PCT/US2015/041054 WO2017014736A1 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2015-07-20 | Heat spreading structure and method for forming the same |
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Cited By (2)
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CN111171746A (zh) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-19 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 防静电散热胶带及其制备方法和显示装置及其制备方法 |
CN115260933A (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-11-01 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和热活化粘合剂的柔性片材及使用其的热冷却结构 |
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WO2017014736A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
US20180207901A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
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