CN107835754B - 用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN107835754B
CN107835754B CN201680041360.3A CN201680041360A CN107835754B CN 107835754 B CN107835754 B CN 107835754B CN 201680041360 A CN201680041360 A CN 201680041360A CN 107835754 B CN107835754 B CN 107835754B
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gear
transmission
hybrid drive
electric machine
ratio
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CN107835754A (zh
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M·艾特泽尔
R·戈尔默
U·奥内穆斯
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置(10)，其包括具有曲轴(12)的内燃机(VM)以及电机(EM1)，其中，所述电机(EM1)通过自动换挡的变速器(14、36)耦联到内燃机(VM)的曲轴(12)上。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置。
背景技术
混合驱动装置被应用于现代机动车中，其中，例如内燃机以及电机存在于车辆的动力总成系统中。在此力求实现尽可能有效地运行发动机。
发明内容
本发明是任务是，给出一种用于混合动力车辆的改进的混合驱动装置。
所述任务通过一种用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置得以解决，该混合驱动装置包括具有曲轴的内燃机以及电机，其中，所述电机通过自动换挡的变速器耦联到内燃机的曲轴上。
所述电机以简单的方式例如提供用于内燃机的启动功能并且此外能够发电机式地被驱动。因此，电机可以辅助曲柄驱动装置或曲轴的起动，以便实现尽可能安静的无激励的起动。从内燃机的规定的转速开始，电机可以被转换到发电机式运行中并且其本身由内燃机驱动。
优选地进行电机的经调节的马达式运行。
尤其是电机可以构造用于，实现全部的启动要求、尤其是内燃机的低温启动。
电机可以用于实现一种启动-停止自动控制，在该启动-停止自动控制中内燃机必须被停止并且在一定时间之后再次被接通。这可以在车辆例如在交通灯处停住之后，但也可以在滑行(在没有内燃机驱动的情况下车辆渐慢行驶)期间在此内燃机的起动必须满足极高的舒适要求。
混合驱动装置可以是这样，即，用于补偿曲轴的旋转不均匀性的系统、特性变矩器以及多挡的车辆变速器连接于内燃机的下游，以便将内燃机的功率传输到车辆的待驱动的车轮上。以这种方式可以有效地且尽可能无激励地将功率传输给待驱动的车辆的车轮。可以理解的是，其它构件、例如差速器能够接入动力总成系统中。
所述车辆变速器可以是自动变速器或可手动换挡的变速器。因此尤其是，有利的可靠的可手动换挡的变速器能够被接入混合驱动装置中并且在模块化系统中与内燃机和电机组合。以这种方式，相对于已经已知的混合解决方案得到成本优势，因为可以采用多重试验的且低成本的手动换挡变速器。备选地可以使用自动变速器，如该自动变速器在常规车辆中与内燃机一起被安装。
根据混合驱动装置的一种扩展方案，在所述特性变矩器和车辆变速器之间接入另一电机。所述附加的电机可以用于电动行驶、电动慢行以及制动能的回收利用，亦或能够实现在内燃机停止时的“助力(Boosten)”。
所述附加的电机可以设置成与车辆变速器的变速器输入轴同轴的或轴向平行的，从而该电机能够根据可供使用的结构空间优化地定位在车辆中。
将两种电机应用于混合驱动装置中具有如下优点：内燃机侧的混合功能以及驱动装置侧的或车辆变速器侧的混合功能能够被分配到两个单独的电机上，从而所述发动机能够分别关于其设置在动力总成系统中的功能性优化地被确定尺寸。
附加的电机尤其是能够通过变速器与车辆变速器的变速器输入轴耦联，以便尽可能有效地驱动电机。
配设给内燃机侧的电机的自动换挡的变速器可以根据混合驱动装置的一种扩展方案具有行星齿轮传动机构。借助该行星齿轮传动机构，也能够以紧凑的方式提供大的传动比。
备选地或补充地，所述自动换挡的变速器可以具有切换元件，这些切换元件能够通过致动器被操纵，其中，该致动器尤其是能够由控制单元控制。
例如，所述控制单元能够根据在动力总成系统中的运行参数、尤其是内燃机的转速或类似物操纵致动器，以便在自动换挡的变速器中实现换挡。
因此，一旦在曲柄驱动装置起动时内燃机的在控制单元中预先确定的转速被超过，尤其是能够进行在自动换挡的变速器中的换挡以及从马达式运行到发电机式运行的转换。这种功能优选全自动地在没有驾驶员动作的情况下进行。
所述行星齿轮传动机构根据混合驱动装置的另一种实施方案具有齿圈和太阳轮，所述齿圈配设有第一自由轮，所述太阳轮配设有第二自由轮。所述自由轮用于能够实现电机从马达式运行到发电机式运行的转换，其中，通过所述自由轮能够实现转矩流从内燃机向电机的换向。
驱动和从动能够在电机的马达式运行中通过太阳轮和行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架实现。
驱动和从动能够在发电机式运行中在行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮固定时实现。
自动换挡的变速器可以具有输出轴，该输出轴尤其是能够通过齿轮副与内燃机的曲轴耦联。以这种方式，电机能够紧凑地被集成到混合驱动装置中，其中，附加的传动比能够通过所述齿轮副被提供。
所述齿轮副可以是正齿轮级，其中，可以以低成本的方式采用已知的齿部。
为了要求尽可能小的结构空间，可以规定，自动换挡的变速器是横置式变速器。
根据另一种实施方案，所述混合驱动装置的特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器的第一挡具有在1.5至2.5、尤其是1.7至2.3、优选1.9至2.1的范围内的传动比，并且所述自动换挡的变速器的第二挡具有在3.5至4.5、尤其是3.7至4.3、优选3.9至4.1的范围内的传动比。
例如，第一挡的传动比可以等于2并且第二挡的传动比可以等于4。
传动比为4在当前情况下表示，在电机侧引入到自动换挡的变速器中的输入转速通过变速器根据规定i＝4＝输入转速/输出转速被转变成输出转速。
在此，第一挡可以用于发电机式运行并且第二挡可以用于马达式运行。发电机式运行的较小传动比确保，电机即使在内燃机关断时也不过载。
可以理解的是，先前所述的传动比是用于自动换挡的变速器的总传动比。只要例如行星齿轮传动机构与正齿轮级组合，其中，该正齿轮级用于将变速器连接到曲轴上，则所述总传动比由正齿轮级的传动比与行星齿轮传动机构的相应挡位的传送比得出。
为了实现自动换挡的变速器的可靠且适于实用的实施方案，所述第二挡的传动比是所述第一挡的传动比的至少1.5倍、尤其是至少两倍。
正齿轮级可以具有在1.5至2.5的范围内的传动比。尤其是正齿轮级的传动比可以等于2。
所述行星齿轮传动机构可以在第一挡中具有的传动比为1，并且在第二挡中具有在1.5至2.5、尤其是1.7至2.3、优选1.9至2.1的范围内的传动比。
附图说明
下面借助示出各实施例的附图详细说明本发明。在附图中分别示意性地：
图1示出根据本发明的混合驱动装置，
图2示出图1中的混合驱动装置的自动换挡变速器的示图，
图3示出图1中的混合驱动装置的自动换挡变速器的另一种实施方案。
具体实施方式
在图1示出用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置10。该混合驱动装置10具有带有曲轴12的内燃机VM和电机EM1。该电机EM1通过自动换挡的变速器14耦联到内燃机VM的曲轴12上。
用于补偿所述内燃机VM的旋转不均匀性的系统DU、用作起动离合器的特性变矩器(Kennungswandler)KW以及多挡的车辆变速器16连接于所述内燃机的下游，以便将内燃机的功率传输到待驱动的车辆的待驱动的车轮18上。
所述特性变矩器KW可以是动液式变扭器或干式或湿式单片摩擦离合器或多片摩擦离合器。
动力总成系统的内燃机的耦合(解耦)可以通过特性变矩器KW或干式或湿式运行的起动离合器实现。
所述车辆变速器16可以是自动变速器或可手动换挡的变速器。
在特性变矩器KW与车辆变速器16之间，另一个电机EM2集成于动力总成系统中。该电机EM2在当前情况下设置成与车辆变速器的变速器输入轴20同轴的。
备选地，电机也可以设置成与变速器输入轴20是轴向平行的，如通过虚线的图示EM2*示出。
电机EM2或EM2*可以通过变速器3、4与变速器输入轴20连接。相应的变速器3、4可以是一挡的或多挡的。
电机EM1在马达式运行中一方面用于内燃机VM的启动和起动、尤其是用于实现启动-停止自动控制(Start-Stopp-Automatik)。
另外，通过电机EM1可以在发电机式运行中进行“直接跨接的起动”。在此，通过电机EM1产生的功率被直接由电机EM2接收并且转化为驱动功率。
另外，在动力总成系统中可以进行“直接跨接的再利用”。在此，EM1可以在打开的起动离合器中发电机式地或马达式地被驱动直到极限转速。EM2在所述情况下在力锁合的动力总成系统中承担所述再利用。
图2示出自动换挡的变速器14，该变速器具有行星齿轮传动机构22和正齿轮级24。所述行星齿轮传动机构22具有用于发电机式运行的第一挡和用于马达式运行的第二挡。所述第一挡具有的传动比为1并且第二挡具有的传动比为2。正齿轮级的传动比为2。
所述行星齿轮传动机构具有太阳轮26、齿圈28和行星齿轮架30，该行星齿轮架支承行星齿轮32。所述太阳轮26配设有自由轮Fl2并且所述齿圈28配设有自由轮Fl1。
在马达式运行中，行星齿轮架30并且因而轴34通过行星齿轮32和太阳轮26被驱动。
在电机EM1的发电机式运行中，所述驱动通过行星齿轮架30进行，再次，行星齿轮32静止。
所述自由轮Fl1和Fl2能够实现用于发电机式运行的转矩换向。
在图3中示出自动换挡的变速器36的另一种实施方案。备选地或补充于参考图2针对自动换挡的变速器14所说明的特征，所述自动换挡的变速器36具有切换元件38，这些切换元件能够通过致动器40被操纵，其中，该致动器40尤其是能够由控制单元(未示出)控制。
换挡过程可以根据所述控制单元的信号被触发，在该换挡过程中切换元件38由致动器40从第一切换位置1移动到第二切换位置2中。
在此，行星齿轮传动机构在第一切换位置2中的传动比可以大于1，而在第二切换位置2中进行行星齿轮传动机构的“闭锁”，这伴随着传动比i＝1。
从第一切换位置1到第二切换位置2的转换优选全自动地进行，尤其是根据动力总成系统的在控制单元中预先确定的运行参数、例如内燃机VM的转速进行。
因此，一旦在曲柄驱动装置12高速运转时内燃机VM的在控制单元中预先确定的转速被超过，能够进行从第一切换位置到第二切换位置的换挡过程以及从电机EM1的马达式运行到发电机式运行的转换。

Claims (21)

1.用于混合动力车辆的混合驱动装置，其包括具有曲轴(12)的内燃机(VM)并且包括第一电机(EM1)，其中，所述第一电机(EM1)通过自动换挡的变速器(14、36)耦联到内燃机(VM)的曲轴(12)上，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)包括第一挡和第二挡，所述第一挡设置用于第一电机(EM1)的发电机式运行，并且所述第二挡设置用于第一电机的马达式运行，其中，所述混合驱动装置包括另一电机(EM2、EM2*)，在所述发电机式运行中通过第一电机产生的功率能直接由所述另一电机接收并且转化为用于车辆的待驱动的车轮(18)的驱动功率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，用于补偿所述曲轴(12)的旋转不均匀性的系统(DU)、特性变矩器(KW)以及多挡的车辆变速器(16)连接于所述内燃机(VM)的下游，以便将内燃机(VM )的功率传输到车辆的待驱动的车轮(18)上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述车辆变速器(16)是自动变速器或可手动换挡的变速器。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，在所述特性变矩器(KW)和车辆变速器(16)之间接入所述另一电机(EM2、EM2*)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述另一电机(EM2、EM2*)设置成与车辆变速器(16)的变速器输入轴(20)同轴的或轴向平行的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述另一电机(EM2、EM2*)能够通过另外的变速器(3、4)与变速器输入轴(20)耦联。
7.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)具有切换元件(38)，该切换元件能够通过致动器(40)被操纵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述致动器(40)能够由控制单元控制。
9.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)具有行星齿轮传动机构(22)，所述行星齿轮传动机构(22)在第一挡中具有的传动比为1并且在第二挡中具有在1.5至2.5的范围内的传动比。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮传动机构(22)具有齿圈(28)和太阳轮(26)，所述齿圈配设有第一自由轮(Fl1)，所述太阳轮配设有第二自由轮(Fl2)。
11.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)具有输出轴(34)，该输出轴通过齿轮副(24)与曲轴(12)耦联。
12.根据权利要求11所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述齿轮副(24)是正齿轮级。
13.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)是横置式变速器。
14.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)的第一挡具有在1.5至2.5的范围内的传动比，并且所述自动换挡的变速器的第二挡具有在3.5至4.5的范围内的传动比。
15.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)的第一挡具有在1.7至2.3的范围内的传动比，并且所述自动换挡的变速器的第二挡具有在3.7至4.3的范围内的传动比。
16.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自动换挡的变速器(14、36)的第一挡具有在1.9至2.1的范围内的传动比，并且所述自动换挡的变速器的第二挡具有在3.9至4.1的范围内的传动比。
17.根据权利要求14所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述第二挡的传动比是所述第一挡的传动比的至少1.5倍。
18.根据权利要求14所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述第二挡的传动比是所述第一挡的传动比的至少两倍。
19.根据权利要求11所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述齿轮副(24)具有在1.5至2.5的范围内的传动比。
20.根据权利要求9所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮传动机构(22)在第二挡中具有在1.7至2.3的范围内的传动比。
21.根据权利要求9所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮传动机构(22)在第二挡中具有在1.9至2.1的范围内的传动比。
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CN107835754A (zh) 2018-03-23

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