CN107438529B - 混合动力设备和混合动力设备的运行方法 - Google Patents

混合动力设备和混合动力设备的运行方法 Download PDF

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CN107438529B
CN107438529B CN201680020496.6A CN201680020496A CN107438529B CN 107438529 B CN107438529 B CN 107438529B CN 201680020496 A CN201680020496 A CN 201680020496A CN 107438529 B CN107438529 B CN 107438529B
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electric machine
combustion engine
internal combustion
gear
output shaft
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CN107438529A (zh
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F·福尔默
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y10S903/919—Stepped shift

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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合动力设备(1、14)，包括内燃机(2)、电机(3)和输出轴(4)，该混合动力设备(1、14)设计为并联式混合动力设备且具有至少一个使得内燃机(2)和电机(3)都与输出轴(4)联接的运行状态，在内燃机(2)和电机(3)之间布置有切换元件(5)，其能够或者在使电机(3)与输出轴(4)连接并且内燃机(2)被断开的第一切换位置上运行，或者在使电机(3)和内燃机(2)都与输出轴(4)连接的第二切换位置上运行，在电机(3)与输出轴(4)之间布置有针对内燃机(2)和电机(3)允许不同的挡位数目的、可切换的传动机构。

Description

混合动力设备和混合动力设备的运行方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合动力设备，包括内燃机、电机和输出轴，其中该混合动力设备设计为并联式混合动力设备且具有至少一个其中内燃机和电机都与输出轴联接的运行状态。
背景技术
这类混合动力设备可以例如配置成P2布置结构形式，在此，电机布置在内燃机和传动机构之间。内燃机的接合和分离通过对可切换的离合器的操纵实现。在具有这类混合动力设备的机动车中的启动既可以借助于电机、又可以借助于内燃机实现。在传统的混合动力设备中，传动机构通常被设计为具有较大数量挡位的自动变速器。例如，自动变速器可以具有八个挡，由此造成结构成本很大。
发明内容
本发明基于的目的是，提供一种混合动力设备，该混合动力设备构造更简单，制造成本更低。
为实现该目的，在开头所述类型的混合动力设备中根据本发明提出，在内燃机和电机之间布置有切换元件，其能够或者在使电机与输出轴连接并且内燃机被断开的第一切换位置上运行，或者在使电机和内燃机都与输出轴连接的第二切换位置上运行，在电机与输出轴之间布置有针对内燃机和电机允许不同挡位数目的、可切换的传动机构。
优选为内燃机和电机分别分配不同的功率流。根据本发明的混合动力设备具有如下优势：相比于传统的多级自动变速器，本发明仅需要一个简化了的传动机构。除了制造成本低的优势，还具有的优势是，该可切换的传动机构需要较小的结构空间。根据本发明的混合动力设备使得能够为内燃机和电机分配不同的挡位数目，其中优选为内燃机分配一个挡位，为电机分配多个、优选两个或三个挡位。相比之下，传统的混合动力设备通常这样构造，使得内燃机和电机通过一个共同的轴相互连接，同时例如可以选择性地断开内燃机。
有利地，装配有根据本发明的混合动力设备的机动车的启动可以在第一挡位进行，该切换元件位于第一切换位置上。在该切换位置上，内燃机被断开。纯电动的启动过程既可以前进进行、也可以后退进行。在前进挡位中的启动之后，可以在确定的时间点上将切换元件运动至第二切换位置，从而切换到传动机构的针对电机的第二挡位。在该第二挡位上，电机和内燃机都与输出轴连接，从而这两个驱动装置都被接通。
也就是说，在从切换元件的第一切换位置向切换元件的第二切换位置的切换过程中，能够切换到传动机构的针对电机的第二挡位，且同时能够接通内燃机，使内燃机启动。相应地，在切换元件从第二切换位置返回到第一切换位置的切换过程中，能够切换到传动结构的针对电机的第一挡位，且同时能够断开内燃机，也就是使内燃机停机。因此，该混合动力设备被这样布置，即与从切换元件的第一切换位置向第二切换位置的切换过程同时地使内燃机被启动并且与第二切换位置向第一切换位置的切换过程同时地使内燃机停机。据此，根据本发明的混合动力设备被布置用于，与切换到传动机构的针对电机的挡位同时地启动内燃机或使内燃机停机并且接合或断开内燃机。因此，该切换元件组合了切换功能和接合功能或者说实现了切换功能和接合功能。
在根据本发明的混合动力设备中，优选提出，切换元件的第一切换位置对应于传动机构的第一挡位，切换元件的第二切换位置对应于传动机构的第二挡位，该切换元件被这样设计，使得在切换所述切换元件时挂入相应的挡位。这两个挡位之间的切换因此通过操作切换元件进行，与此同时还操作(释放)制动器。在操作切换元件时，内燃机被接合或断开。在切换该切换元件时使电机从第一挡位向第二挡位切换或从第二挡位向第一挡位切换。在联接状态下，内燃机和电机彼此同步。
在根据本发明的混合动力设备中特别优选的是，传动机构针对电机被设计为行星齿轮传动机构。这类行星齿轮传动机构优选具有两个挡位，也就是两个不同的传动比，因此仅需要很小的结构空间。
在根据本发明的混合动力设备中可以提出，在切换到第二挡位时行星齿轮传动机构以整体旋转的方式与输出轴联接。
在本发明中，根据本发明的混合动力设备的内燃机还与飞轮、尤其是双质量飞轮连接。飞轮起到减振器作用，从而减弱干扰、例如转速波动。
根据本发明的混合动力设备的一种改进方案提出，输出轴具有分离元件以用于选择性地接合或断开行星齿轮传动机构。该分离元件作为离合器起作用，从而在确定的运行情况下能够完全断开动力设备。该分离元件可以例如被设计为摩擦离合器。
在根据本发明的混合动力设备中特别优选的是，其具有用于操作切换元件的控制或调节装置。优选地，该控制或调节装置还被设计用于控制或调节内燃机和/或电机，尤其是能够用于控制或调节这两个驱动装置的转速。
此外本发明还涉及一种用于机动车的混合动力设备的运行方法，该混合动力设备包括内燃机、电机和输出轴，该混合动力设备设计为并联式混合动力设备且至少在一个运行状态中被这样运行，使得内燃机和电机都与输出轴联接。
根据本发明的运行方法的突出之处在于，在内燃机和电机之间布置有切换元件，其或者在使电机以第一传动级与输出轴连接并且内燃机被断开的第一切换位置上运行，或者在使电机和内燃机都与输出轴连接的第二切换位置上运行，在电机与输出轴之间布置有针对电机允许不同的挡位数目的、可切换的传动机构。
附图说明
下面借助附图所示实施例详述本发明。附图为示意图且示出：
图1示出根据本发明的混合动力设备的第一实施例；和
图2示出根据本发明的混合动力设备的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的混合动力设备1设置用于机动车且包括内燃机2和电机3，它们能够与输出轴4联接。混合动力设备1被设计为并联式混合动力设备且能够在如下运行状态中运行：即内燃机2和电机3都与输出轴4联接。
在内燃机2和电机3之间布置有切换元件5，其具有两个不同的切换位置。在分离的第一切换位置中，电机3与输出轴4联接，而内燃机2被断开。在切换元件5的接合的第二切换位置中，在制动器13关闭的情况下，电机3和内燃机2都与输出轴4联接。
电机3被分配有被设计为行星齿轮传动机构6的传动机构，其(仅)有两个挡位，即两个不同的传动比。在图1的示意图中可以看出，该行星齿轮传动机构6具有能够借助于制动器13固定住的齿圈7。该行星齿轮传动机构6具有多个于周向上分散布置的行星齿轮9，它们在切换元件5的第一切换位置上通过行星齿轮架与输出轴4联接。
此外行星齿轮传动机构6具有太阳轮10，其与齿圈7和行星齿轮9一样都被设计为齿轮。该行星齿轮传动机构在切换元件5的第二位置上以整体旋转的方式运行。这两个切换位置相当于两个挡位，即具有第一传动比的第一挡位和具有第二传动比的第二挡位。在混合动力设备1的运行方法中，在所述切换元件5被切换到第一切换位置时，挂入行星齿轮传动机构6的第一挡位。在所述切换元件5被切换到第二切换位置时，挂入行星齿轮传动机构6的第二挡位。该切换元件5因此被设计成，在切换过程中力锁合地工作且以这种方式接通第一挡位或第二挡位。
如果接通第一挡位，也就是说如果齿圈7被制动器13制动，则内燃机2断开。为启动车辆，电机3切换至第一挡位。相应地，该启动只借助于电机3进行，而内燃机2则断开。制动器13在此闭合，齿圈7停止。行星齿轮传动机构6在此这样设计，使得存在在车轮的滑转限范围内的短传动比。在达到规定的机动车速度后或在达到规定的输出轴4转速时，可以操作该切换元件5，从而从被选择用于启动过程的第一切换位置向第二切换位置转换。在第二切换位置中，内燃机和电机都在第二挡位中以较小转速运行。同时，在此内燃机2被接通。在切换过程中，内燃机2和电机3的转速通过切换元件彼此适配。
图1中可以看出，内燃机2配设有设计作为双质量飞轮11的飞轮，其用于衰减振动。图1中示意性示出了控制调节设备12，其也可以被称作控制器并且既控制或调节内燃机2、电机3，还控制或调节切换元件5。借助示意性示出的制动器13可以视需求而调节在切换所述切换元件时产生的输出力矩，从而内燃机2能够被无急动地接通和接合。
图2是第二实施例，示出了混合动力设备14，其基本上与图1中示出的混合动力设备14构造一致。在此不再对一致部件做再次说明。混合动力设备14包括内燃机2、电机3和切换元件5。在第一运行状态中，仅电机3与输出轴4联接。在第二运行状态中，电机3和内燃机2都与输出轴4联接，在此在这两个运行状态之间的切换通过操作切换元件5以及操作或释放制动器13进行。
相比于混合动力设备1，该混合动力设备14具有分离元件15，用于选择性地接合或断开在输出轴4与电机3的连接、以及可能的输出轴与内燃机2的连接。分离元件15因此被设计为离合器，以便选择性地将该混合动力设备14的两个驱动装置与输出轴4连接或分离。该分离元件15在该所示实施例中是摩擦离合器。
这两个混合动力设备1、14各自仅需要小结构空间，因为具有两个挡位的行星齿轮传动机构6构造紧凑，由于构造简单，该混合动力设备1、14制造成本低。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车的混合动力设备(1、14)，包括内燃机(2)、电机(3)和输出轴(4)，该混合动力设备(1、14)设计为并联式混合动力设备且具有至少一个使得内燃机(2)和电机(3)都与输出轴(4)联接的运行状态，其特征在于，在内燃机(2)和电机(3)之间布置有切换元件(5)，该切换元件能够或者在使电机(3)与输出轴(4)连接并且内燃机(2)被断开的第一切换位置上运行，或者在使电机(3)和内燃机(2)都与输出轴(4)连接的第二切换位置上运行，在电机(3)与输出轴(4)之间布置针对内燃机(2)和电机(3)允许不同的挡位数目的、可切换的传动机构，该混合动力设备具有用于操作切换元件(5)的控制或调节装置(12)，所述控制或调节装置还用于操作制动器(13)，在切换元件(5)的接合的第二切换位置中，在制动器(13)关闭的情况下，电机(3)和内燃机(2)都与输出轴(4)联接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力设备，其特征在于，所述传动机构如此设计，即内燃机(2)能够在一个挡位、电机(3)能够在两个或三个挡位运行。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力设备，其特征在于，切换元件(5)的第一切换位置对应于传动机构的第一挡位，切换元件(5)的第二切换位置对应于传动机构的第二挡位，该切换元件(5)被这样设计，使得在切换所述切换元件(5)时能够在激活或去激活制动器(13)的情况下挂入相应的挡位。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力设备，其特征在于，传动机构被设计为行星齿轮传动机构(6)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力设备，其特征在于，在切换到第二挡位时行星齿轮传动机构(6)以整体旋转的方式与输出轴(4)联接。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力设备，其特征在于，输出轴(4)具有分离元件(15)以用于选择性地接合或断开行星齿轮传动机构(6)。
7.一种用于机动车的混合动力设备(1、14)的运行方法，该混合动力设备包括内燃机(2)、电机(3)和输出轴(4)，其中该混合动力设备(1、14)设计为并联式混合动力设备且至少在一个运行状态中被这样运行，使得内燃机(2)和电机(3)都与输出轴(4)联接，其特征在于，在内燃机(2)和电机(3)之间布置有切换元件(5)，该切换元件或者在使电机(3)在第一传动级中与输出轴(4)连接并且内燃机(2)被断开的第一切换位置上运行，或者在使电机(3)和内燃机(2)都与输出轴(4)连接的第二切换位置上运行，在电机(3)与输出轴(4)之间布置针对电机允许不同的挡位数目的、可切换的传动机构，该混合动力设备具有用于操作切换元件(5)的控制或调节装置(12)，所述控制或调节装置还用于操作制动器(13)，在切换元件(5)的接合的第二切换位置中，在制动器(13)关闭的情况下，电机(3)和内燃机(2)都与输出轴(4)联接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的运行方法，其特征在于，使用传动机构，该传动机构被设计成，使得内燃机(2)能够在一个挡位、电机能够在两个或三个挡位运行。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的运行方法，其特征在于，在所述切换元件(5)被切换到第一切换位置时，挂入传动机构的第一挡位；在所述切换元件(5)被切换到第二切换位置时，挂入传动机构的第二挡位。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的运行方法，其特征在于，在所述切换元件(5)被切换到第一切换位置时，挂入传动机构的第一挡位；在所述切换元件(5)被切换到第二切换位置时，挂入传动机构的第二挡位并且同时启动内燃机。
11.根据权利要求7或8所述的运行方法，其特征在于，行星齿轮传动机构(6)借助于分离元件(15)被选择性地接合或断开。
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