CN110834531A - 功率分流的变速器 - Google Patents

功率分流的变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110834531A
CN110834531A CN201910758748.0A CN201910758748A CN110834531A CN 110834531 A CN110834531 A CN 110834531A CN 201910758748 A CN201910758748 A CN 201910758748A CN 110834531 A CN110834531 A CN 110834531A
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China
Prior art keywords
clutch
input shaft
transmission
power
travel
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Pending
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CN201910758748.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
菲利普·雷兴巴赫
斯特凡·贝克
维克托·瓦特
约翰尼斯·卡尔滕巴赫
拉斐尔·希默尔斯巴赫
贝内迪克特·赖克
米夏埃尔·韦克斯
延斯·莫拉夫
格哈德·尼德布鲁克
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN110834531A publication Critical patent/CN110834531A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H2037/049—Forward-reverse units with forward and reverse gears for achieving multiple forward and reverse gears, e.g. for working machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

本发明涉及功率分流的变速器，其具有电的变速机构(9)和电的变速机构(10)，它们能够经由用于前进行驶的离合器(8)和用于后退行驶的离合器(7)与从动轴(5)连接，从而即使在输入轴(2)静止时也可以纯电动地驱动从动轴(5)。

Description

功率分流的变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据在权利要求1的前序部分中详细限定的类型的功率分流的变速器。
背景技术
按类属的功率分流的变速器能由内燃机驱动，并且具有第一电的变速机构和第二电的变速机构。在内燃机与功率分流的变速器之间通常布置有离合器，以便即使在没有内燃机的情况下也可以驱动车辆。
术语变速机构在此具有变速机构机器的意思。
CN 1 04 494 415 B公开了一种功率分流的变速器，其在内燃机与功率分流的变速器之间具有离合器，其中，功率分流的变速器具有第一电的变速机构和第二电的变速机构。离合器能够实现的是，使车辆纯电动地被驱动。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种功率分流的变速器，其能够实现纯电动行驶、构建简单并且具有很好的效率。
该任务利用也具有独立权利要求的具有区分性特征的按类属的功率分流的变速器来解决。
根据本发明，功率分流的变速器具有第一电的变速机构和第二电的变速机构，它们与行星级永久作用连接，以便即使在没有内燃机的情况下也通过如下方式驱动功率分流的变速器的从动轴，即，给其中至少一个电的变速机构供应电能。内燃机永久地与功率分流的变速器的输入轴连接。输入轴又与用于前进行驶的离合器和用于后退行驶的离合器作用连接。如果用于前进行驶的离合器和用于后退行驶的离合器朝断开方向被操纵，由此就无法经由这些离合器传输转矩，那么功率分流的变速器的从动轴能够纯电动地被驱动。为此，功率分流的变速器获取来自能量存储器的或固定不动的电网的电能。通过朝闭合方向操纵用于前进行驶的离合器或用于后退行驶的离合器并因此传输转矩的方式，使得内燃机能够驱动功率分流的变速器，其中，一个电的变速机构作为发电机起作用，并且一个电的变速机构作为马达起作用。针对将电功率输出给附加设备的情况存在如下可能性，即，在行驶时，因此是在车辆经由内燃机被驱动时，两个电的变速机构发电机式地运行。行星级与另外的离合器作用连接，经由这些另外的离合器能切换行驶范围。因此，经由用于前进行驶的离合器和用于后退行驶的离合器，能够选用同样多的沿前进行驶方向和后退行驶方向的行驶范围。
附图说明
另外的特征从附图描述中得到。其中：
图1示出驱动器的示意图；
图2示出功率分流的变速器的第一设计方案；
图3示出功率分流的变速器的第二设计方案。
具体实施方式
图1：
内燃机1经由输入轴2驱动换向传动装置3。换向传动装置3包含用于前进行驶的离合器和用于后退行驶的离合器以及用于转动方向变向的齿轮。变速器4基本上包含行星级、离合器和变速机构，并且驱动从动轴5，从动轴例如经由牵引机的后轴驱动牵引机的车轮。变速器4、尤其是其变速机构，与电能存储器6连接。如果在换向传动装置3中的用于前进行驶的离合器和用于后退行驶的离合器断开，那么即使在内燃机1停止时从动轴5也可以借助来自能量存储器6的能量地被电驱动，而在内燃机1与功率分流的变速器之间不必存在并且不必断开附加的离合器。因此能够以简单的方式实现纯电动行驶。通过朝闭合方向操纵换向传动装置3中的用于前进行驶的离合器和用于后退行驶的离合器，从而朝闭合方向操纵这两个离合器，使得车辆可以保持在驻车制动的意义下。
图2：
纯电动行驶在该实施方式中不仅能够利用断开的用于前进行驶的离合器8和断开的用于后退行驶的离合器7来实现，而且也能够在同时闭合用于前进行驶的离合器8和用于后退行驶的离合器7的情况下得以实现。
与未示出的内燃机连接的输入轴2可以通过如下方式经由内燃机来驱动功率分流的变速器，即，要么朝闭合方向操纵用于前进行驶的离合器8，要么朝闭合方向操纵用于后退行驶的离合器7。于是，电的变速机构9作为发电机工作，而电的变速机构10作为马达工作。针对将电功率输出给附加装置的情况存在如下可能性，在行驶时，因此是在车辆经由内燃机1被驱动时，两个电的变速机构9和10发电机式地运行。如果内燃机被关断并且因此停止，那么输入轴2不再被内燃机驱动。现在通过朝断开方向操纵两个离合器、即用于后退行驶的离合器7和用于前进行驶的离合器8的方式，使得借助来自图1所示的能量存储器6的能量可以给电的变速机构9和/或电的变速机构10供应电能，由此，能驱动从动轴5。在纯电动行驶中存在如下可能性，即根据运行点而定地，电的变速机构9马达式地运行并且电的变速机构10同时发电机式地运行、电的变速机构10马达式地运行并且电的变速机构9同时发电机式地运行、或者电的变速机构9马达式地运行并且电的变速机构10同时马达式地运行。如果朝闭合方向操纵用于后退行驶的离合器7和用于前进行驶的离合器8，由此两者可以同时传输转矩，那么电的变速机构9经由用于前进行驶的离合器8被固定地制动，由此，使电动行驶仅能够经由变速机构10来实现。由此，电的变速机构9不必支持转矩，并且因此其对于纯电动行驶驱动而言在设计方面并不重要，也就是说变速机构9不必被更大地确定尺寸。
经由行星级11、行星级12和行星级13以及离合器14、离合器15、离合器16、离合器17和构造为制动器的离合器18能操控多个行驶范围。输入轴2在功率分流的变速器的另一端部上形成动力输出装置19，例如用于农用车辆的动力输出轴驱动器。
图3：
内燃机1驱动输入轴2，输入轴在其另一端部上形成动力输出装置19。输入轴2与用于后退行驶的离合器7和用于前进行驶的离合器8作用连接。电的变速机构9一方面与用于后退行驶的离合器7作用连接，并且经由副轴20与行星级11的太阳轮21作用连接。用于前进行驶的离合器8同样与太阳轮21作用连接。变速机构10与行星级12的齿圈22作用连接。如果用于前进行驶8的离合器朝闭合方向被操纵并且用于后退行驶的离合器7朝断开方向被操纵，那么内燃机1可以经由输入轴2驱动变速机构9和太阳轮21。变速机构9与变速机构10电连接。根据对变速机构10的操控和对离合器14、15、16和17以及制动器18的切换而定，从动轴5可以在其中一个行驶范围中被驱动。通过转换用于后退行驶的离合器7和用于前进行驶的离合器8，使得从动轴5沿相反的行驶方向转动。通过使用于后退行驶的离合器7和用于前进行驶的离合器8两者完全朝断开方向被操纵的方式，使得内燃机1可以被关断，并且输入轴2不再具有转速。变速机构9和/或变速机构10由未画出的存储器6供能，并且可以以纯电动方式驱动从动轴5。在此，多个行驶范围同样又能经由离合器14、15、16、17和制动器18来切换。在驱动时，两个变速机构9和10参与。因为从动轴5不必与输入轴2同轴地布置(如例如在图2中是这样的情况)，所以存在使用具有盘形齿轮的不同布置方式的后轴的可能性。此外，还存在将与太阳轮21连接的轴用作中央润滑供应部的可能性，这是因为该轴即使在内燃机1停止且从动轴5转动的情况下也同样转动。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 输入轴
3 换向传动装置
4 变速器
5 从动轴
6 能量存储器
7 用于后退行驶的离合器
8 用于前进行驶的离合器
9 电的变速机构
10 电的变速机构
11 行星级
12 行星级
13 行星级
14 离合器
15 离合器
16 离合器
17 离合器
18 制动器
19 动力输出装置
20 副轴
21 太阳轮
22 齿圈

Claims (10)

1.功率分流的变速器，所述功率分流的变速器具有第一电的变速机构(9)、第二电的变速机构(10)、能与内燃机(1)连接的输入轴(2)、和行星级(11、12、13)，其中，所述输入轴(2)能与所述第一电的变速机构(9)连接并且所述输入轴(2)与其中至少一个行星级(11、12、13)作用连接，并且所述第二电的变速机构(10)与其中至少一个行星级(11、12、13)作用连接，所述功率分流的变速器还具有用于前进行驶的离合器(8)、用于后退行驶的离合器(7)和用于驱动车轮的从动轴(5)，其特征在于，在朝断开方向操控所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)并且同时朝断开方向操控所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)的情况下，在输入轴(2)静止时能通过如下方式驱动所述从动轴(5)，即，使其中至少一个电的变速机构(9、10)被供应电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，为了借助所述内燃机(1)驱动所述从动轴(5)，所述第一电的变速机构(9)通过如下方式与所述输入轴(2)作用连接，即，要么朝闭合方向操纵所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)，要么朝闭合方向操纵所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)和所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)布置在所述行星级(11、12、13)与所述输入轴(2)的能与所述内燃机(1)连接的端部之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，所述输入轴(2)被引导穿过所述行星级(11、12、13)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，通过操控离合器(14、15、16、17、18)能切换多个行驶范围，其中，所述离合器(14、15、16、17、18)与所述行星级(11、12、13)的构件作用连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)和所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)与所述输入轴(2)同轴地布置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，借助所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)，行星齿轮架能与所述输入轴(2)连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的功率分流的变速器，其特征在于，借助所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)，齿圈能与变速器壳体连接。
9.功率分流的变速器，所述功率分流的变速器具有第一电的变速机构(9)、第二电的变速机构(10)、能与内燃机(1)连接的输入轴(2)、和行星级(11、12、13)，其中，所述输入轴(2)能与所述第一电的变速机构(9)连接并且所述输入轴(2)与其中至少一个行星级(11、12、13)作用连接，并且所述第二电的变速机构(10)与其中至少一个行星级(11、12、13)作用连接，所述功率分流的变速器还具有用于前进行驶的离合器(8)、用于后退行驶的离合器(7)和用于驱动车轮的从动轴(5)，其特征在于，在朝闭合方向操控所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)并且同时朝闭合方向操控所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)的情况下，在所述输入轴(2)静止时能通过如下方式驱动所述从动轴(5)，即，使其中至少一个电的变速机构(9、10)被供应电能。
10.用于运行功率分流的变速器的方法，所述功率分流的变速器具有第一电的变速机构(9)、第二电的变速机构(10)、能与内燃机(1)连接的输入轴(2)、和行星级(11、12、13)，其中，为了通过所述内燃机(1)来驱动所述输入轴(2)，使所述输入轴(2)与所述第一电的变速机构(9)连接，并且所述输入轴(2)与其中至少一个行星级(11、12、13)作用连接，并且所述第二电的变速机构(10)与其中至少一个行星级(11、12、13)作用连接，所述功率分流的变速器还具有用于前进行驶的离合器(8)、用于后退行驶的离合器(7)和用于驱动车轮的从动轴(5)，其特征在于，为了在关断所述内燃机(1)的情况下运行所述功率分流的变速器，朝闭合方向操控所述用于前进行驶的离合器(8)并朝闭合方向操控所述用于后退行驶的离合器(7)，并且给其中至少一个电的变速机构(9、10)供应电能，从而即使在输入轴(2)静止时也能驱动所述从动轴(5)。
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