CN107821721A - 一种具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于食疗领域,尤其涉及一种具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物及其制备方法;具体为一种具有溶解痛风石、降血尿酸作用的特殊医疗用途配方食疗产品。其原料按重量份数配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜10‑15份、雌性红萝卜缨子10‑15份、山楂叶10‑15份、木瓜粉10‑15份、平卧菊三七10‑15份、昆布1‑5份、山药1‑5份、花椒1‑5份、薄荷1‑5份、枸杞子1‑5份、薏苡仁1‑5份。该食疗组合物是一种具有溶解痛风石、降血尿酸作用的特殊医疗用途的食疗配方。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食疗领域,尤其涉及一种具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物及其制备方法;具体为一种具有溶解痛风石、降血尿酸作用的特殊医疗用途配方食疗产品。
背景技术
随着生活水平的日益提高,流行病学统计显示痛风病发生呈显著上升趋势,成为威胁人类健康的一种重要疾病,但是到目前为止,世界范围内尚无能够治愈痛风的有效药物,痛风治疗仍然停留在消炎、止痛、降尿酸的层面,只能算是一种暂时的治疗方法,无法控制疾病的迁延恶化。此外,痛风病临床使用的西药多数存在严重的副作用,对肝肾功能损害极大。痛风是一种代谢障碍性疾病,其发生机制为:嘌呤代谢异常或者尿酸排出减少,致使血尿酸值超出正常水平;长期持续的高尿酸血症状态下,尿酸在组织或关节滑液中呈饱和状态,尿酸盐结晶会析出、沉积,并刺激关节产生炎症反应,导致痛风发作。痛风的根源在于细胞的营养和代谢不正常,肝肾功能出现了障碍,相应治疗必须从病源着眼,止痛和降尿酸显而易见是治标不治本的权宜之计。
目前,临床上因缺少有效的治疗措施,大量痛风病患者无法控制疾病的不断恶化:尿酸盐从体液中析出,形成结晶,沉积于关节等处,刺激关节产生炎症;随着病程发展进一步形成痛风石,并且会不断“长大”,日久会造成关节损坏畸形,严重影响正常生理功能。关于痛风石的治疗方法,临床所采取的主要措施是进行关节清理手术,切除增生和有晶体沉积的滑膜组织,同时清除沉积在关节内的痛风石,修整退变的组织,对残留的软骨与骨缺损进行相应的治疗,如软骨缺损微骨折手术、骨缺损植骨术等。然而,这种治疗措施存在严重的问题:一是无法从根源上进行治疗,而且手术复杂,给患者带来很大痛苦;二是只有在疾病发展到一定程度才可以实施手术,无法将干预措施积极前移,极为消极和被动。近几年,市场上出现了大量的治疗痛风的中西药品,但是只能治标不治本,西药一但停用血尿酸继续上升,副作用大,经临床发现服用西药后痛风石堆积越来越多,经过多年研究及临床本发明食疗对溶解痛风石,降尿酸功效显著。
综上所述,研究一种可以有效溶解痛风石、降血尿酸作用的,并且对身体无副作用的产品,显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的技术问题,本发明提供一种具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物及其制备方法;该食疗组合物是一种具有溶解痛风石、降血尿酸作用的特殊医疗用途的食疗配方。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其原料按重量份数配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜10-15份、雌性红萝卜缨子10-15份、山楂叶10-15份、木瓜粉10-15份、平卧菊三七10-15份、昆布1-5份、山药1-5份、花椒1-5份、薄荷1-5份、枸杞子1-5份、薏苡仁1-5份。
所述的食疗组合物可以添加药学上可接受的辅料制成压片糖果,固体饮料,丸剂等口服剂型。
优选的,所述的食疗组合物可以添加如下重量份数的乳糖醇1-10份、微晶纤维素1-10份和低聚果糖醇1-10份,采用本领域常用工艺手段制成压片糖果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明还提供所述具有治疗痛风的食疗压片糖果的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤1、品种选择:选用由张书芳、张瑞君父子主持研究的、沈阳绿星大白菜研究所出品的“雄性不育系”三系杂交雌性红萝卜的种子。
步骤2、种植管理:通过保护地技术实现周年种植,种植地点为东经123度、北纬43度,海拔50米,富含有机质的疏松肥沃沙土壤,土壤深厚保水和排水性良好,土壤最大持水量60~80%,空气湿度在80~90%,光照充足;杀虫剂采用符合有机种植的BT乳剂,肥料采用充分腐熟的鸡粪作为有机肥,每亩施肥至少5000公斤;雌性红萝卜生长至个体重量约100~300克,即进行采收(检测结果表明,处于该生长阶段的雌性红萝卜的营养累积达到最高峰)。
步骤3、预处理:包括清洗消毒、粗碎和速冻三个环节;采收后的雌性红萝卜筛除受病虫害的,雌性红萝卜缨子齐根保留1公分,其余切除,分别装入纸箱,用冷藏车运送至加工厂(冷藏温度:0~3℃);在加工厂用水冲洗干净雌性红萝卜上黏附的泥土,削除表面斑点后,开始清洗消毒流程;清洗消毒流程的顺序为:一次水洗、一次消毒液浸泡、二次水洗、二次消毒液浸泡,最后在清洗线清洗(4次),两次消毒使用的消毒液为二氧化氯300ppm,每次消毒浸泡时间是30分钟;将清洗消毒后的雌性红萝卜用切丁机,切成0.6~1立方厘米以下的萝卜丁,然后铺入干燥盘;然后,将切好的雌性红萝卜丁在采用风冷式冷冻机的速冻隧道内进行快速冷冻,使物料中心温度在30分钟内降至-4℃以下(即30分钟内通过冰晶最大生成带,形成冰晶较小且均匀分散在细胞内,防止冰晶破坏细胞活性),当物料中心温度降至-25~-30℃时,速冻结束,整个速冻过程约需要2.5小时。
步骤4、低温真空脱水:将预处理后的雌性红萝卜丁,经真空升华干燥设备(沈阳市新阳机械厂制造)干燥脱水,设定温度曲线控制物料的温度为40~60℃,干燥脱水时间约10~12小时,干燥脱水后物料水分应低于5%。
步骤5、液氮深冷粉碎:低温真空脱水后的雌性红萝卜丁,采用液氮深冷粉碎机(上海浦东高桥试验机厂有限公司)进行粉碎处理,经步骤(4)脱水后的雌性红萝卜丁粉碎最佳脆点为-30~-150℃,粉末的粒度范围为300~1000目(其中,优选600目)。由于是在-100~-150℃的温度条件下对物料进行的超微粉碎,因此营养和功效成分无热损失,细胞完全破壁;-30℃温度以上粉碎细度不够,-150℃温度以下细度虽然很细但液氮成本会大幅度提高,经试验最佳温度为-135℃。
步骤6、雌性红萝卜缨子冻干粉的制备:取0~3℃冷藏条件下贮存的雌性红萝卜缨子,重复上述步骤1至5,得到雌性红萝卜缨子冻干粉,备用。
步骤7、制软材、制粒及压片:制软材过程应在氮气的环境下进行,按重量份数配比称取各原料,研磨至颗粒粒径为不低于500目;物料混合均匀后,边搅拌边用80-100份润湿剂(纯化水)缓慢喷洒到物料中增加物料湿度,制成软材,润湿剂加入量以物料能用手捏成团,用手指一压即散为宜;将软材造粒至粒径为14目,在30℃条件下干燥2小时,每0.5h翻动一次,保证干燥后的颗粒湿度在2%-5%;将干燥后的颗粒过14目筛,除去大颗粒,加入乳糖醇、微晶纤维素和低聚果糖醇,及颗粒料重量0.1-5%的硬脂酸镁,混合均匀压片,即得。
本发明各原料的药性分析。
东北雌性红萝卜:东北雌性红萝卜中含有丰富的活性酶,生食可有效的促进嘌呤的代谢,雌性红萝卜中还含有大量的钾、磷、钙、铁、维生素K、Vc等物质,这样就可以有效地提高血液质量、碱化血液并有利尿、溶石作用,对痛风患者康复十分有利。
雌性红萝卜缨子:又叫莱菔叶,具有消食,理气,化痰,止咳,清肺利咽,散瘀消肿的功效;雌性红萝卜缨子营养非常丰富,如维生素K的含量高于其他食品,雌性红萝卜缨子是人体摄取天然维生素K的最佳食品,这种维生素能抗尿酸结晶,钙含量是菠菜的4倍,铁质含量是鳗鱼的22倍,维生素B1是豆豉的5倍,维生素含量是牛肉4倍,还含有钼及膳食纤维。
山楂叶:为蔷薇科植物山里红的干燥叶,具有活血化瘀、理气通脉、化浊降脂、利尿作用的功效。
木瓜:可治风湿痹痛,肢体酸重,筋脉拘挛,吐泻转筋,脚气水肿;木瓜有比较好的舒筋活络作用,并且能去湿除痹,为久风顽痹,筋脉拘急之要药。木瓜能除湿和中,舒筋活络以缓挛急,除吐泻。
平卧菊三七:根茎是中成药上佳的原材料,其味甘淡,性平,可通经活络、消炎止咳、散瘀消肿、活血生肌;平卧菊三七嫩茎叶,具有清热解毒、止血止咳、减少血管紫癜、提高人体免疫力和抗病毒能力;泻火、凉血、消炎、生津等功效,对于肿病有一定的疗效。
昆布:又叫鹅掌菜,含碘、昆布素(多糖类)、藻胶素、胡萝卜素、维生素B1B2、褐藻氨酸;消痰软坚,利水消肿。
山药:性味:甘、平;归经:入脾、肺、肾经;含皂甙、粘液质、精氨酸、尿囊素、淀粉酶、胆硷等;益气补脾:与其所含营养成分和粘液质、淀粉酶等有关,有滋补作用,能助消化、补虚劳、益气力、长肌肉。
花椒:温中止痛,杀虫止痒;花椒用作中药,性温,味辛,有温中散寒、健胃、除湿、止痛、解毒、止痒等功效;可用于风寒湿邪所致的关节肌肉疼痛;湿疹瘙痒,抑菌作用;花椒能够加速各种真菌细胞的死亡,对深部真菌具有一定的抑制和杀灭作用。
薄荷:味辛,性凉,具有疏风散热,透疹,解郁等功效,主治风热表症,麻疹不透,隐疹瘙痒,肝郁胁痛脘胀,瘰疬结核;薄荷里面含有薄荷醇等因子,会让人的皮肤产生清凉的作用,因此可以消炎镇痛、止痒解毒和疏散风热。
枸杞子:滋补肝肾,益精明目;性味:甘;淡;性微寒;归经:归肺经;肝经;肾经;膀胱经;功能:清热利尿;渗湿止泻;明目;祛痰。
薏苡仁:性味,甘、淡、微寒;归经,脾、肺、肾经;利湿健脾、舒筋除痹、清热排脓、主水肿;薏米能增强肾功能,尤其是对痛风病起到去湿并有清热利尿作用。
本发明的显著效果。
本发明的食疗配方是在东北雌性红萝卜、东北雌性红萝卜缨子及平卧菊三七等药食同源基础上研究发明的,据中科院营养检测报告显示:100%纯东北雌性红萝卜跟普通萝卜相比较,钾高出25.8倍、钙高出2.3倍、磷高出2倍、硒高出3.1倍;其中,钾就有调节人体酸碱平衡、中和血尿酸的作用,并参与嘌呤和糖的代谢;钙是酶的激活剂,能促进嘌呤的代谢;磷可以快速提高人体自愈力,促进受损器官的修复;硒被科学家称之为人体微量元素中的“抗癌之王”它具有抗氧化作用,能延缓衰老乃至预防某些慢性疾病的发生,硒是维持人体正常免疫功能必备的物质,硒还是人体DNA修复酶的激活素。大量研究证明,雌性红萝卜缨子的营养价值在很多方面高于根;现代研究表明,雌性红萝卜缨子所含维生素C的含量比根高出2倍以上;矿物质元素中的钙、镁、铁、锌以及核黄素、叶酸等含量高出根的3-10倍;尤其是维生素K的含量更是远远高于其他食物,所以说萝卜缨子是人体摄取天然维生素K的最佳食品,这种维生素能抗尿酸盐结晶,有效防止骨头粗大;对痛风石和痛风性肾结石有显著的溶解作用,被誉为痛风溶石专家,雌性红萝卜缨子的维生素K含量最高;它所含有的维生素A的含量是西兰花的3倍;雌性红萝卜缨子的膳食纤维含量很高,可以帮助消化,理气、健胃,有润肤养颜的作用。由于痛风是一种嘌呤代谢紊乱性疾病,在嘌呤的合成与分解过程中,需要有多种酶的参与,由于酶的缺失和先天性代谢异常,而导致了痛风的发生,本发明添加了具有活血化瘀、理气通脉、化浊降脂、利尿功效的山楂叶,同时加入具有补钙和补充矿物质作用的平卧菊三七和木瓜,其中平卧菊三七嫩茎叶营养丰富,其蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、脂肪含量分别为1.24%、0.87%、1.5%、0.79%,膳食纤维含量为2.40克/100克,维生素C含量为11.2毫克/100克,富含有机钙,还含有丰富的有机酸成分及黄酮类化合物;据《中国中草药汇编》下册记载:其疗效为味甘淡,性平,通经活络,消炎,散瘀消肿,活血生肌,主要用于治疗跌打损伤、风湿关节痛和痛风;木瓜,具有胡萝卜素、木瓜酵素、果浆、木瓜蛋白酶、维生素、凝乳蛋白酶等多种营养素,可以舒筋活络,和胃化湿,去风止痛功效。增加了昆布可以有软坚散结,消肿利水,溶解作用,昆布是一种具有很高药用价值的海藻,我国只有一种,即昆布(EckloniaKurome Okem),为北太平洋西部的暖水性藻类。添加山药可以防治人体脂质代谢异常,具有诱导产生干扰素,对体内垃圾等有加速排泄的作用,还具有多种氨基酸和矿物质,比如自由氨基酸、多酚氧化酶、维生素c、和铁、铜、锌、锰、钙等多种微量元素,可以修复破损的细胞、破损因子等。花椒能够增强免疫和抗炎镇痛,可增强中性白细胞的杀菌力,并能增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,提高E一花环形成率;还具有较强的抗菌作用。薄荷芳香通窍,功善疏散上焦风热,能疏肝解郁,清热解毒,止痛消肿,洗肾囊风;枸杞子可以扶正固本和扶正祛邪,能显著增加肌糖原、肝糖原的备量,提高人体活力,有抗疲劳的作用,补肾益精养肝明目,治肝肾阴亏,薏苡仁富含淀粉、及人体所需的多种氨基酸具有健脾利湿清热排脓等功效。
药方中,东北雌性红萝卜、雌性红萝卜缨子、山楂叶、木瓜粉和平卧菊三七为君药;昆布、山药为臣药;花椒、薄荷、薏苡仁为佐药,枸杞子为使药。在这组具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物配方时首先考虑到主症、病机、治疗目的,运用主次分的明食疗组合物配方,相辅相成,相反相成的综合作用,而且扩大治疗范围,以保证食疗治疗痛风有特效。在有效治疗痛风病同时针对相当部分痛风患者在服用口感、服用方便、延长货架期、保质期等方面的需求,研发的配方食品治疗痛风溶解痛风石的有效成分而开发。在药食同源的基础上,进一步开发产品的功效,打造一款具有特殊医疗用途配方食品,实现高效率生产,降低成本的目的;血尿酸升高是引发痛风的一个重要原因,本发明的药方对于酵母加腺嘌呤诱导的血尿酸大鼠模型,实验结果说明本发明对于尿酸升高引起的痛风具有显著治疗作用;据调查研究发现,溶解痛风石在我国乃至全世界尚未有药物和产品能够快速溶解痛风石,痛风患者长在各关节的痛风石在西医治疗中只能开刀做手术,一是费用高,二是关节腔内的痛风石无法处理,三是副作用大给痛风患者带来了极大的痛苦;中医也没有办法解决痛风石。本发明的药方是经过约三年的临床研究并做了近千例痛风石患者医疗临床资料总结而得到的,溶解痛风石达到百分之百溶解率,无一例失败,经30例临床痛风患者,服用本发明产品2至3周尿酸盐结晶开始溶解。
附图说明
图1病例1服用实施例1前、中、后期的关节图片;a为前期、b为中期、c为后期。
图2病例2服用实施例1李先生手指关节溶解痛风治疗后结石溶解照片。
图3病例3服用实施例1申先生脚部溶解痛风治疗后结石溶解照片。
图4病例4服用实施例1李先生肘关节处抽出痛风石软化的尿酸盐结晶液体照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1。
具有治疗痛风的食疗压片糖果,其原料按重量份数配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜15份、雌性红萝卜缨子15份、山楂叶10份、木瓜粉12份、昆布3份、山药3份、花椒2份、平卧菊三七15份、薄荷1份、枸杞子5份、薏苡仁3份。
所述具有治疗痛风的食疗压片糖果的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤1、品种选择:选用由张书芳、张瑞君父子主持研究的、沈阳绿星大白菜研究所出品的“雄性不育系”三系杂交雌性红萝卜的种子(即“抗风红”品种的种子)。
步骤2、种植管理:通过保护地技术实现周年种植,种植地点为东经123度、北纬43度,海拔50米,富含有机质的疏松肥沃沙土壤,土壤深厚保水和排水性良好,土壤最大持水量80%,空气湿度在90%,光照充足;杀虫剂采用符合有机种植的BT乳剂,肥料采用充分腐熟的鸡粪作为有机肥,每亩施肥5000公斤;雌性红萝卜生长至个体重量约300克,即进行采收(检测结果表明,处于该生长阶段的雌性红萝卜的营养累积达到最高峰)。
步骤3、预处理:包括清洗消毒、粗碎和速冻三个环节;采收后的雌性红萝卜筛除受病虫害的,萝卜缨子齐根保留1公分,其余切除,分别装入纸箱,用冷藏车运送至加工厂(冷藏温度:3℃);在加工厂用水冲洗干净雌性红萝卜上黏附的泥土,削除表面斑点后,开始清洗消毒流程;清洗消毒流程的顺序为:一次水洗、一次消毒液浸泡、二次水洗、二次消毒液浸泡,最后在清洗线清洗(4次),两次消毒使用的消毒液为二氧化氯300ppm,每次消毒浸泡时间是30分钟;将清洗消毒后的雌性红萝卜用切丁机,切成0.8~1立方厘米以下的雌性红萝卜丁,然后铺入干燥盘;然后,将切好的雌性红萝卜丁在采用风冷式冷冻机的速冻隧道内进行快速冷冻,使物料中心温度在30分钟内降至-4℃以下(即30分钟内通过冰晶最大生成带,形成冰晶较小且均匀分散在细胞内,防止冰晶破坏细胞活性),当物料中心温度降至-30℃时,速冻结束,整个速冻过程约需要2.5小时。
步骤4、低温真空脱水:将预处理后的萝卜丁,经真空升华干燥设备(沈阳市新阳机械厂制造)干燥脱水,设定温度曲线控制物料的温度为55℃,干燥脱水时间约12小时,干燥脱水后物料水分应低于5%。
步骤5、液氮深冷粉碎:低温真空脱水后的雌性红萝卜丁,采用液氮深冷粉碎机(上海浦东高桥试验机厂有限公司)进行粉碎处理,经步骤(4)脱水后的萝卜丁粉碎最佳脆点为-50℃,粉末的粒度范围为600目。由于是在-150℃的温度条件下对物料进行的超微粉碎,因此营养和功效成分无热损失,细胞完全破壁;-30℃温度以上粉碎细度不够,-150℃温度以下细度虽然很细但液氮成本会大幅度提高,经试验最佳温度为-135℃。
步骤6、雌性红萝卜缨子冻干粉的制备:取3℃冷藏条件下贮存的雌性红萝卜缨子,重复上述步骤1至5,得到雌性红萝卜缨子冻干粉,备用。
步骤7、制软材、制粒及压片:制软材过程应在氮气的环境下进行,按重量份数配比称取各原料,研磨至颗粒粒径为不低于500目;物料混合均匀后,边搅拌边用100份纯化水缓慢喷洒到物料中增加物料湿度,制成软材,润湿剂加入量以物料能用手捏成团,用手指一压即散为宜;将软材造粒至粒径为14目,在30℃条件下干燥2小时,每0.5h翻动一次,保证干燥后的颗粒湿度在3%-5%;:将干燥后的颗粒过14目筛,除去大颗粒,加入乳糖醇10份、微晶纤维素10份和低聚果糖醇8份,以及上述原料总重量1%的硬脂酸镁混合均匀压片,即得。
实施例2。
具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其原料按重量份数配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜10份、雌性红萝卜缨子12份、山楂叶15份、木瓜粉10份、昆布5份、山药1份、花椒1份、平卧菊三七10份、薄荷3份、枸杞子2份、薏苡仁3份。
实施例3。
具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其原料按重量份数配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜12份、雌性红萝卜缨子10份、山楂叶13份、木瓜粉15份、昆布1份、山药5份、花椒5份、平卧菊三七12份、薄荷5份、枸杞子1份、薏苡仁5份。
一、本实验旨在探讨本发明对诱导大鼠高尿酸血症的血尿酸的影响,为痛风人群的特殊医疗用途配方食疗产品指导提供参考,以达到减少降尿酸药物带来不良反应的目的。
1材料与方法。
1.1实验动物:SD大鼠60只,雌雄各半,体重180±220g,由辽宁省中医药大学动物中心提供。
1.2实验仪器和试药:实施例1组合物;血尿酸(UA)检测试剂盒(长春汇力生物技术有限公司);95%乙醇、三氯甲烷、正丁醇、甲醇均为分析纯(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司);黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)试剂盒、一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒(南京建成生物研究所);腺嘌呤(上海生工生物工程有限公司);盐酸乙胺丁醇(广东华南药业有限公司);血管内皮素1(ET-1)试剂盒(北京普尔伟生物科技有限公司)。
1.3动物分组和模型诱导:SD大鼠60只,雌雄性各半,随机分成6组,分别为实施例1高剂量组10只,实施例1低剂量组10只,对照组(去掉君药山楂叶、木瓜粉和平卧菊三七)10只,阳性药物别嘌呤醇组10只,模型组10只和空白对照组10只;除空白对照组外,其它各组每天中午灌胃酵母浸膏8g/kg/天,腺嘌呤100mg/kg/天,诱导高尿酸血症大鼠模型。
1.4给药方法:除空白组外均给予腺嘌呤和盐酸乙胺丁醇混悬液(将腺嘌呤、盐酸乙胺丁醇溶于蒸馏水中,配制成1%腺嘌呤、2.5%盐酸乙胺丁醇的混悬液);然后实施例1高剂量组以30g/kg每天灌胃给予,低剂量组以15g/kg每天灌胃给予,对比例组以30g/kg每天灌胃给予,分上午8:30、下午4:30两次灌胃,给予体积为1.5ml/kg,诱导模型的同时即给予;模型组、空白对照组以等体积生理盐水同法灌胃。大鼠每周称体质量2次,调整给药剂量。
1.5生化指标检测:第15天分批给药后2h于大鼠眼眶后静脉丛采血3mL,室温下自然凝血1h后,3 000r·min-1离心15min,分离血清,于-80℃冻存备用。ET-1采用放射免疫法;UA,NO用全自动生化分析仪按试剂盒说明书检测。
1.6统计学处理数据分析采用SPSS16.0统计分析软件,数据以面士s表示,采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2实验结果。
2.1对大鼠UA,XOD水平的影响:与空白组比较,模型组UA水平显著升高(P<0.01)表明造模成功;与模型组比较,实施例1高、低剂量组和对比例组小鼠的UA,XOD水平明显降低(P<0.01),但实施例1组明显低于对比例组,结果见表1。
表1FHL对HUA太鼠UA。XOD水平的影响(x±s,n=10)。
组别 | UA/μmol·L | XOD/U·L‐1 |
空白 | 28.56±2.785* | 38.67±4.8* |
模型 | 45.67±4.5 | 56.75±6.82 |
对比例组 | 40.37±4.12 | 46.15±3.72 |
低剂量组 | 35.12±3.23* | 42.17±3.46* |
高低量组 | 33.89±3.75* | 40.01±4.23* |
注:与模型组比较*P<0.01。
2.2对大鼠NO,ET-1水平的影响:与空白组比较,模型组NO水平明显降低、ET-1水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,高、低剂量和对照组NO明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),并且ET-1水平明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),但对照组NO升高值相对小,ET-1水平下降值相对小,具体见表2。
表2FHL对HUA大鼠NO,ET-1水平的影响(n=10)。
组别 | UA/μmol·L | XOD/U·L‐1 |
空白 | 18.73±3.52* | 150.12±30.48* |
模型 | 13.12±2.54 | 220.08±45.0 |
对比例 | 14.87±2.73 | 193.59±36.12* |
低剂量组 | 15.68±2.32* | 175.68±35.21* |
高剂量组 | 16.82±2.52** | 165.85±28.7** |
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
3实验结论。
血管内皮细胞功能损伤是发生高血压、代谢综合征和心血管疾病的早期重要环节,有学者提出血管内皮功能损伤可能是高尿酸血症致病的关键。研究发现健康人血清UA水平与血NO水平呈昼夜变化规律,二者负相关;单纯高尿酸血症者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显受损,且受损程度与血清UA水平成反比;大鼠模型血NO代谢产物下降,降低血清尿酸浓度后血NO代谢产物的浓度得以提高,UA能够阻断血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)诱导的NO生成。UA增高可直接及间接导致血管内皮功能障碍;UA水平可直接影响血管内皮功能,血UA本身直接沉积于血管壁,直接损伤血管内膜。血UA的代谢过程中伴随着氧自由基的生成,氧自由基生成增加可使血管内皮细胞生成的NO焠灭,使血管收缩功能增强,舒张功能降低;血UA增高,易沉积于小动脉壁,从而抑制血管内皮细胞的NO合酶基因表达,使内皮细胞合成和释放ET-1增加,引起血管内皮正常的抗凝、抗细胞黏附、抗氧化功能降低。本发明表明,与空白组相比,模型组ET-1水平明最升高、NO水平明显降低,说明了大鼠模型导致血管内皮功能损伤;本发明高、低剂量能明显升高NO水平,可降低ET-1水平,提示本发明可以防治HUA导致的血管内皮功能损伤,并且明显优于不添加对照药。UA是嘌呤代谢的产物,XOD为嘌呤代谢生成尿酸过程中的一个关键酶,在UA生成过程中发挥着重要的作用,是调控UA生成的关键环节,嘌呤核苷酸经过代谢,转化为黄嘌呤,最终经过黄嘌呤氧化酶的氧化,转化为UA;XOD活性增强则嘌呤在体内分解代谢也增强,UA的生成即会增加,可致血UA水平升高。本发明研究表明,本发明高、低剂量能明显降低XOD水平及血UA水平,提示本发明可以降低血UA的机制可能是通过调节XOD的代谢实现的。
综上所述,本发明可通过下调XOD降低血UA,血UA的降低有助于减少血管内皮功能的损伤;能升高大鼠血清NO水平、降低ET-1水平。
二、典型病例。
以下病例均为诸多临床病例中最具有代表性的病例,并不限定为本发明所限定的保护范围。
病例1、锦州的孙先生,52岁,痛风病史近15年,在前七八年的时间里,每年发作两三次,发作部位主要是脚部与膝盖,发作的时候服用秋水仙碱,扶他林等止痛药;从2012年开始,发作频率逐渐提升,几乎每个月都发作一两次,而且手部也开始痛风发作,手脚痛风石逐渐形成,而且越来越明显;迫不得已的情况下,又服用了激素类止痛药,但不吃这种止痛药的话,他基本没有办法正常工作和生活,长期激素类止痛药的服用导致肌酐与胱抑素C升高;因为尿酸盐结晶侵犯跟腱的缘故,跟腱都已经钙化了;走上十分钟就已经感觉很吃力,该患者2016年6月24日开始服用本发明实施例1的组合物,一个半月的时间里,溶解反应最大,之后,溶解反应也逐渐变得平和,手脚膝肘关节处的痛风石开始变软或变小;现在孙先生手指手背的痛风石大幅度减小,下蹲的时候膝关节与正常人无异,就连虹膜上沉积的尿酸盐结晶都溶没了;现在每天早上散步步行一小时也感觉很轻松,左手手背痛风石大幅溶解;孙先生手部溶解痛风治疗前中后期痛石照片,见图1。
病例2、李先生46岁,痛风18年,手指,膝盖疼痛较为严重,脚趾稍微好一点,一个月平均疼两三次;15年7月开始食用本发明实施例1产品,食用过程中,出现了膝盖红肿,疼痛的现象,对于这种情况他很是不解。通过本单位康复指导师的指导,他知道这是正常的痛风石溶解反应,继续坚持食用,持续了近三个月后有所缓解;但接下来手肘又开始疼痛,持续半个月,之后脚又开始疼了半个月,这种疼痛让他烦躁不安,甚至一度想要放弃,最后在家人和康复指导师的努力劝说下,他愿意继续坚持试试,因为他知道虽然西药能快速缓解疼痛,却有极大的副作用,本发明是通过食疗治痛风的,虽然有些疼痛现象,(这种疼痛是食用本发明压片糖果在溶解痛风石过程中的正常反应)却安全、无毒副作用;在康复指导师的细心指导下,配合物理理疗的方式缓解疼痛,一段时间之后,疼痛明显有了缓解;根据李先生的病情状况,康复指导师建议他,食用量为之前的1.5倍,加速结晶溶解,9月份的时候身体各个部位疼痛现象全部消失,至今再未疼过。李先生手指关节溶解痛风治疗后结石溶解照片,见图2。
病例3、申先生,32岁,沈阳人,痛风已经8年多,从2009年至今;两年之前他每次痛风发作持续一周,之后就不再痛了,而近两年膝盖与脚部出现“持续隐痛”;这说明液态尿酸已经把骨膜腐蚀破了,病灶处持续存在非菌性炎症。吃过苯溴马隆与别嘌醇、非布索坦,双氯芬酸钠等,但这些降酸药毒副作用较大,不能长期服用,所以选择了本发明的食疗方式来治疗痛风,食用本发明实施例1的压片糖果仅仅1个半月,申先生走路感觉明显好多了,脚部敢于落地了;持续服用7个多月身体基本恢复。申先生脚部溶解痛风治疗后结石溶解照片,见图3。
病例4、李先生,由于关节内的结晶比较多,服用本发明实施例2的组合物后,身上会有明显持续的溶解反应,前三个月各个关节轮换着出现溶解反应;随着结晶的减少,之后三个月李先生出现溶解反应的时间间隔在逐渐的加长,其经常半个月或者更久才会出现一次溶解反应,只出现在有痛风石的部位,而且反应出现的时间也在缩短;持续服用本发明的产品,在2017年8月9日时,其左肘部突然出现溶解反应,肘部红、肿、热、痛,伴随着发烧的现象,这次溶解反应仅仅持续了近一天的时间,这说明其身体里的尿酸盐结晶已经减少。本发明清理痛风石的过程:刚开始是溶解松散结晶,之后逐渐溶解密度高的结晶,所以溶解的过程要逐步加量效果显著;李先生肘关节处抽出痛风石软化的尿酸盐结晶液体照片,见图4。
病例5、陈先生,吉林人,54岁,痛风二十年,全身关节多处有巨大痛风石。服用实施例2十几天,痛风石自动排出,左手关节处痛风石已压迫神经,造成左手活动不便,仅仅13天手上痛风石开始软化、溶解,如牙膏状喷涌而出;患者肘关节位置抽取出36ml的尿酸盐结晶,患者在家泡脚时,右脚跟腱处软化的痛风石自动排出,经双手挤压呈喷涌状。
病例6、王大爷,73岁,沈阳沈北新区新城子人,10年痛风史;以前在服西药期间,脏腑功能出现损害。服用本发明实施例2仅仅13天,手部痛风石神奇般溶解排出;全身痛风石陆续开始溶解、软化,身体自身免疫系统也得到了很好的恢复。
病例7、王先生,沈阳人,72岁痛风13年,全身关节多处巨大痛风石,手脚比较严重(左手腕关节痛风石已压迫神经造成手活动不便麻木,脚跖趾关节痛风石巨大,肘关节痛风石比较大,痛风病经常发作疼痛难忍,曾服用过中药止及秋水仙碱止痛,患者曾经检查转氨酶高肌酐高(肾功能不全)尿酸高指标在648,患者患有心绞痛,经服用本发明实施例3的压片糖果20天后,从肘关节开始变软,并从肘关节处抽出痛风石软化的尿酸盐结晶液体。
病例8、赵先生,60岁,广东人,痛风十年,2017年2月开始服用本发明实施例3的压片糖果,血尿酸在590-680之间,痛风病发作疼痛难忍,服用过双氯芬酸钠缓释片止及秋水仙碱止痛,服用20天的时候,脚部痛风石开始溶解变软;服用了35天脚部痛风石溶解排出,溶解还在继续,并且身体状态很好,能吃能睡。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其特征在于,其原料配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜10-15份、雌性红萝卜缨子10-15份、山楂叶10-15份、木瓜粉10-15份、平卧菊三七10-15份、昆布1-5份、山药1-5份、花椒1-5份、薄荷1-5份、枸杞子1-5份、薏苡仁1-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其特征在于,其原料按重量份数配比如下:东北雌性红萝卜15份、雌性红萝卜樱子15份、山楂叶10份、木瓜粉12份、昆布3份、山药3份、花椒2份、平卧菊三七15份、薄荷1份、枸杞子5份、薏苡仁3份。
3.如权利要求1所述的具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其特征在于,其原料按重量份数配比如下:雌性红萝卜10份、雌性红萝卜缨子12份、山楂叶15份、木瓜粉10份、昆布5份、山药1份、花椒1份、平卧菊三七10份、薄荷3份、枸杞子2份、薏苡仁3份。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其特征在于,其原料按重量份数配比包括:东北雌性红萝卜12份、雌性红萝卜缨子10份、山楂叶13份、木瓜粉15份、昆布1份、山药5份、花椒5份、平卧菊三七12份、薄荷5份、枸杞子1份、薏苡仁5份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其特征在于,所述的食疗组合物添加药学上可接受的辅料制成压片糖果,固体饮料,丸剂等口服剂型。
6.如权利要求5所述的具有治疗痛风的食疗组合物,其特征在于,所述的辅料为乳糖醇、微晶纤维素或低聚果糖醇。
7.如权利要求5所述的具有治疗痛风的食疗压片糖果的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤1、品种选择:选用由张书芳、张瑞君父子主持研究的、沈阳绿星大白菜研究所出品的“雄性不育系”三系杂交雌性红萝卜的种子。
步骤2、种植管理:通过保护地技术实现周年种植,种植地点为东经123度、北纬43度,海拔50米,富含有机质的疏松肥沃沙土壤,土壤深厚保水和排水性良好,土壤最大持水量60~80%,空气湿度在80~90%,光照充足;杀虫剂采用符合有机种植的BT乳剂,肥料采用充分腐熟的鸡粪作为有机肥,每亩施肥至少5000公斤;雌性红萝卜生长至个体重量约100~300克,即进行采收(检测结果表明,处于该生长阶段的雌性红萝卜的营养累积达到最高峰)。
步骤3、预处理:包括清洗消毒、粗碎和速冻三个环节;采收后的雌性红萝卜筛除受病虫害的,萝卜缨子齐根保留1公分,其余切除,分别装入纸箱,用冷藏车运送至加工厂(冷藏温度:0~3℃);在加工厂用水冲洗干净雌性红萝卜上黏附的泥土,削除表面斑点后,开始清洗消毒流程;清洗消毒流程的顺序为:一次水洗、一次消毒液浸泡、二次水洗、二次消毒液浸泡,最后在清洗线清洗(4次),两次消毒使用的消毒液为二氧化氯300ppm,每次消毒浸泡时间是30分钟;将清洗消毒后的雌性红萝卜用切丁机,切成0.6~1立方厘米以下的萝卜丁,然后铺入干燥盘;然后,将切好的萝卜丁在采用风冷式冷冻机的速冻隧道内进行快速冷冻,使物料中心温度在30分钟内降至-4℃以下(即30分钟内通过冰晶最大生成带,形成冰晶较小且均匀分散在细胞内,防止冰晶破坏细胞活性),当物料中心温度降至-25~-30℃时,速冻结束,整个速冻过程约需要2.5小时。
步骤4、低温真空脱水:将预处理后的萝卜丁,经真空升华干燥设备(沈阳市新阳机械厂制造)干燥脱水,设定温度曲线控制物料的温度为40~60℃,干燥脱水时间约10~12小时,干燥脱水后物料水分应低于5%。
步骤5、液氮深冷粉碎:低温真空脱水后的萝卜丁,采用液氮深冷粉碎机(上海浦东高桥试验机厂有限公司)进行粉碎处理,经步骤(4)脱水后的萝卜丁粉碎最佳脆点为-30~-150℃,粉末的粒度范围为300~1000目(其中,优选600目)。由于是在-100~-150℃的温度条件下对物料进行的超微粉碎,因此营养和功效成分无热损失,细胞完全破壁;-30℃温度以上粉碎细度不够,-150℃温度以下细度虽然很细但液氮成本会大幅度提高,经试验最佳温度为-135℃。
步骤6、雌性红萝卜缨子冻干粉的制备:取0~3℃冷藏条件下贮存的雌性红萝卜缨子,重复上述步骤1至5,得到雌性红萝卜缨子冻干粉,备用。
步骤7、制软材、制粒及压片:制软材过程应在氮气的环境下进行,按重量份数配比称取各原料,研磨至颗粒粒径为不低于500目;物料混合均匀后,边搅拌边用80-100份润湿剂(纯化水)缓慢喷洒到物料中增加物料湿度,制成软材,润湿剂加入量以物料能用手捏成团,用手指一压即散为宜;将软材造粒至粒径为14目,在30℃条件下干燥2小时,每0.5h翻动一次,保证干燥后的颗粒湿度在2%-5%;将干燥后的颗粒过14目筛,除去大颗粒,加入乳糖醇、微晶纤维素和低聚果糖醇,及颗粒料重量0.1-5%的硬脂酸镁,混合均匀压片,即得。
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