CN107812091B - 一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂及其制备方法,所述中药制剂以大黄为君药,凉血散瘀,生地,紫草,地榆协同大黄凉血解毒,以消肿止痛;血竭,乳没可改善血管和皮肤损伤的恢复,以生肌止痛;黄芩,冰片清散邪热,以清热止痛,共同达到凉血解毒,消肿止痛的作用,所述中药制剂能够有效地治疗静脉注射化疗药物外渗造成的血管皮肤肿痛,紫瘀,硬结等,其疗效明显优于现有同类药物。本发明还改进了制备工艺和剂型,使其疗效得到了进一步提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体地,涉及一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
静脉输注化疗药物引起的静脉炎多表现为沿血管走向的疼痛,严重者可出现硬结,周围皮肤组织肿胀。多因药物刺激血管而引起局部静脉壁和软组织的化学炎性反应。
现代医学认为,导致化疗性静脉炎的发病机制主要包括化疗药物对正常细胞的直接毒性作用,药物引起血浆pH值偏酸或偏碱性进而干扰血管内膜的正常代谢和机能,药物引起的局部变态反应,长期输液或静脉注射用药造成静脉内膜的机械刺激和损失,药物输入浓度高和速度快,反复注射用药的操作不当以及恶性肿瘤患者易出现的局部炎症和高凝状态等。防治化疗性静脉炎的西药主要有硫酸镁、血管扩张剂、局部麻醉药、糖皮质激素、抗凝剂等。临床疗效有限,且一些病人不适合使用这些药物。我们经过多年观察,使用中药制剂外敷治疗,取得了较为明显的疗效。
传统中医理论认为,化疗性静脉炎属于“脉痹”、“恶脉”等范畴。化疗药物为热毒之品,直接伤及血脉,输液过程中,穿刺伤及局部脉络,导致瘀血阻滞,血行不畅,不通则痛;气血运行不畅,津液输布受阻则肿胀;瘀血内蕴,蕴久化热,则局部发热、红肿、疼痛。根据化疗性静脉炎的病因病机,中医多以凉血解毒、活血化瘀及消肿止痛为法治疗化疗性静脉炎。临床上常见的中药制剂包括地榆油、复方地黄酊、复方红花酊、生大黄散、紫草膏、新癀片、乳黄冰香膏、京万红、如意金黄散等。虽然中医中药的辨证论治使得中药制剂能兼具多种功效,但是由于化疗性静脉炎特殊的发生机制,现有的中药制剂在疗效方面仍存在各种不足,因此,仍然存在着开发新的中药外用复方制剂的需求。
发明内容
为了克服现有中药制剂在疗效方面存在的不足和问题,本发明提供了一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂,并对比传统膏方的制备方法,开发出更为合理、有效成分更加集中的新的制备工艺,以求获得更好的疗效。同时,本发明还提供一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的水溶性基质软膏剂,弥补了传统膏方使用时给患者带来的不适感、药物残渣难以洗除以及对皮肤有刺激性等缺陷。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂,其技术方案如下:
一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草10-30份,生地榆20-40份,生地20-40份,山栀10-30份,大黄300-600份,黄芩10-30份,冰片10-30份,血竭10-30份,制乳没各10-30份。
在一个实施方案中,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草15-25份,生地榆25-40份,生地25-35份,山栀15-30份,大黄400-600份,黄芩15-30份,冰片10-20份,血竭15-25份,制乳没各10-25份。
在一个实施方案中,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草20份,生地榆30份,生地30份,山栀20份,大黄500份,黄芩20份,冰片15份,血竭20份,制乳没各15份。
本发明的另一目的还在于提供一种所述中药制剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)按重量份数分别称取各原料药材,去杂,粉碎,过80-100目筛,备用;
b)取制乳没进行水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,备用;将水蒸气蒸馏后剩余的渣水过滤得水提液,药渣留作备用;向所述水提液中加入95%乙醇,直至乙醇浓度达到75%,冷藏静置24h,减压抽滤,将所得滤液减压浓缩成稠膏,干燥粉碎,得干膏粉备用;
c)将步骤b中所得的药渣与紫草、生地榆、山栀、黄芩混合均匀,加入6-10倍50%-70%的乙醇溶液回流提取,提取2-3次,每次提取2-4h,过滤,合并提取液,减压浓缩成稀膏液,冷却至室温,加入冰片,搅拌均匀,得膏液,备用;
d)分别取大黄、血竭以及步骤b中制得的干膏粉进行超微粉碎,过200-300目筛,备用;
e)将步骤d得到的血竭粉和干膏粉加入到步骤c制得的膏液中,充分搅拌均匀,再加入步骤b得到的挥发油和步骤d得到的大黄粉,搅拌均匀,即得所述中药制剂的有效成分;
f)将步骤e得到的有效成分加入药学上可接受的辅料制成常规的外用制剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述外用制剂选自软膏剂、乳剂、凝胶剂或酊剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述外用制剂为水溶性基质软膏剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述水溶性基质软膏剂由有效成分和水溶性基质制成,所述有效成分由所述制备方法中的步骤a-e制得;所述水溶性基质包括以下重量份的原料:羧甲基纤维素钠30-40份,卡波姆20-30份,丙三醇1-10份,聚乙二醇400 5-10份,氮酮1-10份,苯扎氯铵0.1-0.5份。
本发明所述中药制剂中各中药原料的功效如下:
紫草,性味甘、咸,寒。归心、肝经。凉血,活血,解毒透疹。用于血热毒盛,斑疹紫黑,麻疹不透,疮疡,湿疹,水火烫伤等症。
地榆,性味苦、酸、涩,微寒。归肝、大肠经。凉血止血,解毒敛疮。用于便血,痔血,血痢,崩漏,水火烫伤,痈肿疮毒。
生地,性味甘,凉。归心,肝,肾经。清热凉血,养阴生津。用于热病烦渴、发斑发疹、吐血、衄血等症。
山栀,性味苦,寒。归心、肺、三焦经。泻火除烦,清热利湿,凉血解毒;外用消肿止痛。用于热病心烦,湿热黄疸,淋证涩痛,血热吐衄,目赤肿痛,火毒疮疡,外治扭挫伤痛。
大黄,性味苦,寒。归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。用于实热便秘,积滞腹痛,泻痢不爽,湿热黄疸,血热吐衄,目赤,咽肿,肠痈腹痛,痈肿疔疮,瘀血经闭,跌打损伤,水火烫伤等症。
黄芩,性味苦,寒。归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经。清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎。用于湿温、暑湿,胸闷呕恶,湿热痞满,泻痢,黄疸,肺热咳嗽,高热烦渴,血热吐衄,痈肿疮毒,胎动不安。
冰片,性味辛、苦,微寒。归心、肝、肺经。清香宣散,开窍醒神,清热散毒,明目退翳。用于热病高热神昏,中风痰厥惊痫,暑湿蒙蔽清窍,喉痹耳聋,口疮齿肿等症。
血竭,性味甘、咸,平。归心、肝经。活血定痛,化瘀止血,敛疮生肌。用于跌打损伤,心腹瘀痛,外伤出血,疮疡不敛。
乳香,性味辛、苦,温。归心、肝、脾经。活血行气止痛,消肿生肌。用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,症瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡。
没药,性味辛、苦,平。归心、肝、脾经。散瘀定痛,消肿生肌。用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭.产后瘀阻,癥瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡等病症。
本发明的中药制剂以大黄为君药,凉血散瘀,生地,紫草,地榆协同大黄凉血解毒,以消肿止痛;血竭,乳没可改善血管和皮肤损伤的恢复,以生肌止痛;黄芩,冰片清散邪热,以清热止痛。共同达到凉血解毒,消肿止痛的作用。用于治疗静脉注射化疗药物外渗造成的血管皮肤肿痛,紫瘀,硬结等。
有益效果
静脉化疗药物外渗可使血管皮肤发生疼痛,红肿甚至硬结,中医理论认为,静脉炎发生系药物伤及经脉,形成瘀血,稽留于经脉之中,壅遏不行而化热,郁热互结而出现诸症。静脉输液过程穿刺使局部脉络损伤,血溢肌肤或血热内蕴则局部发红;气血不畅,凝聚肌肤,津液输布受阻则肿胀;瘀血内蕴,蕴久化热则局部发热;脉络血行不畅,瘀血阻滞,不通则痛。本发明的中药制剂以凉血解毒、活血散瘀、消肿止痛为法组方,加强活血散瘀通脉之力,改善血液循环之作用,对化疗性静脉炎引发的外渗、血管皮肤肿痛、紫瘀、硬结等有显著疗效。
同时,本发明还改进了制备工艺,与传统膏方的制备方法,本发明的制备工艺更为合理,充分发挥各原料药材中所含的有效成分的活性,尽量避免制备工艺不合理导致的有效成分损失,而且由所述制备工艺制得的外用制剂相较于传统膏剂,其疗效也得到了进一步提高。
此外,本发明还开发出新的水溶性基质软膏剂。所述软膏剂具有良好的附着性和涂布性,有效成分分散均匀,性质良好,稠度适合,其合理的辅料组成能够促进药物更好地吸收。同时,本软膏剂易于清洗,便于患者使用,也大大提高了患者的顺应性。
具体实施方式
在下文中更详细地描述了本发明以有助于对本发明的理解。
应当理解的是,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语或词语不应当理解为具有在字典中限定的含义,而应理解为在以下原则的基础上具有与其在本发明上下文中的含义一致的含义:术语的概念可以适当地由发明人为了对本发明的最佳说明而限定。
实施例1
一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的水溶性基质软膏剂,它由有效成分和水溶性基质制成,所述有效成分由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草20份,生地榆30份,生地30份,山栀20份,大黄500份,黄芩20份,冰片15份,血竭20份,制乳没各15份;所述水溶性基质包括以下重量份的原料:羧甲基纤维素钠40份,卡波姆25份,丙三醇6份,聚乙二醇4008份,氮酮3份,苯扎氯铵0.15份;
所述软膏剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)按重量份数分别称取各原料药材,去杂,粉碎,过80目筛,备用;;
b)取制乳没进行水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,备用;将水蒸气蒸馏后剩余的渣水过滤得水提液,药渣留作备用;向所述水提液中加入95%乙醇,直至乙醇浓度达到75%,冷藏静置24h,减压抽滤,将所得滤液减压浓缩成稠膏,干燥粉碎,得干膏粉备用;
c)将步骤b中所得的药渣与紫草、生地榆、山栀、黄芩混合均匀,加入8倍60%的乙醇溶液回流提取,提取3次,第一次提取3h,第二、三次分别提取2h,过滤,合并提取液,减压浓缩成稀膏液,冷却至室温,加入冰片,搅拌均匀,得膏液,备用;
d)分别取大黄、血竭以及步骤b中制得的干膏粉进行超微粉碎,过300目筛,备用;
e)将步骤d得到的血竭粉和干膏粉加入到步骤c制得的膏液中,充分搅拌均匀,再加入步骤b得到的挥发油和步骤d得到的大黄粉,搅拌均匀,即得所述有效成分;
f)按重量份数称取卡波姆和丙三醇,混合后加水充分溶胀,溶胀完全后搅拌得均匀溶液;
g)按重量份数称取羧甲基纤维素钠加水充分溶胀后,搅拌得到均匀溶液,加入步骤f得到的均匀溶液,混合均匀,按重量份数加入聚乙二醇400、氮酮、苯扎氯铵,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤e得到的所述有效成分,持续搅拌至有效成分分散均匀,即得所述软膏剂。
实施例2
一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的水溶性基质软膏剂,它由有效成分和水溶性基质制成,所述有效成分由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草15份,生地榆20份,生地25份,山栀15份,大黄400份,黄芩10份,冰片10份,血竭15份,制乳没各10份;所述水溶性基质包括以下重量份的原料:羧甲基纤维素钠30份,卡波姆20份,丙三醇5份,聚乙二醇4006份,氮酮3份,苯扎氯铵0.15份;
所述软膏剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)按重量份数分别称取各原料药材,去杂,粉碎,过80目筛,备用;;
b)取制乳没进行水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,备用;将水蒸气蒸馏后剩余的渣水过滤得水提液,药渣留作备用;向所述水提液中加入95%乙醇,直至乙醇浓度达到75%,冷藏静置24h,减压抽滤,将所得滤液减压浓缩成稠膏,干燥粉碎,得干膏粉备用;
c)将步骤b中所得的药渣与紫草、生地榆、山栀、黄芩混合均匀,加入7倍70%的乙醇溶液回流提取,提取3次,每次提取2.5h,过滤,合并提取液,减压浓缩成稀膏液,冷却至室温,加入冰片,搅拌均匀,得膏液,备用;
d)分别取大黄、血竭以及步骤b中制得的干膏粉进行超微粉碎,过300目筛,备用;
e)将步骤d得到的血竭粉和干膏粉加入到步骤c制得的膏液中,充分搅拌均匀,再加入步骤b得到的挥发油和步骤d得到的大黄粉,搅拌均匀,即得所述有效成分;
f)按重量份数称取卡波姆和丙三醇,混合后加水充分溶胀,溶胀完全后搅拌得均匀溶液;
g)按重量份数称取羧甲基纤维素钠加水充分溶胀后,搅拌得到均匀溶液,加入步骤f得到的均匀溶液,混合均匀,按重量份数加入聚乙二醇400、氮酮、苯扎氯铵,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤e得到的所述有效成分,持续搅拌至有效成分分散均匀,即得所述软膏剂。
实施例3
一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的水溶性基质软膏剂,它由有效成分和水溶性基质制成,所述有效成分由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草25份,生地榆35份,生地30份,山栀25份,大黄550份,黄芩15份,冰片20份,血竭30份,制乳没各25份;所述水溶性基质包括以下重量份的原料:羧甲基纤维素钠40份,卡波姆30份,丙三醇8份,聚乙二醇4007份,氮酮6份,苯扎氯铵0.25份;
所述软膏剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)按重量份数分别称取各原料药材,去杂,粉碎,过80目筛,备用;;
b)取制乳没进行水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,备用;将水蒸气蒸馏后剩余的渣水过滤得水提液,药渣留作备用;向所述水提液中加入95%乙醇,直至乙醇浓度达到75%,冷藏静置24h,减压抽滤,将所得滤液减压浓缩成稠膏,干燥粉碎,得干膏粉备用;
c)将步骤b中所得的药渣与紫草、生地榆、山栀、黄芩混合均匀,加入10倍55%的乙醇溶液回流提取,提取3次,每次提取3.5h,过滤,合并提取液,减压浓缩成稀膏液,冷却至室温,加入冰片,搅拌均匀,得膏液,备用;
d)分别取大黄、血竭以及步骤b中制得的干膏粉进行超微粉碎,过300目筛,备用;
e)将步骤d得到的血竭粉和干膏粉加入到步骤c制得的膏液中,充分搅拌均匀,再加入步骤b得到的挥发油和步骤d得到的大黄粉,搅拌均匀,即得所述有效成分;
f)按重量份数称取卡波姆和丙三醇,混合后加水充分溶胀,溶胀完全后搅拌得均匀溶液;
g)按重量份数称取羧甲基纤维素钠加水充分溶胀后,搅拌得到均匀溶液,加入步骤f得到的均匀溶液,混合均匀,按重量份数加入聚乙二醇400、氮酮、苯扎氯铵,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤e得到的所述有效成分,持续搅拌至有效成分分散均匀,即得所述软膏剂。
比较例1
一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的膏剂,由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草20份,生地榆30份,生地30份,山栀20份,大黄500份,黄芩20份,冰片15份,血竭20份,制乳没各15份;
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)按重量份数分别称取各原料药材,去杂,将除大黄、冰片以外的药材粉碎,过80目筛,备用;将大黄、冰片粉碎成细粉,过300目筛,备用;
b)将除大黄、冰片以外的原料药材混合均匀后,香油浸药3天,微火熬黄,离火去渣,冷却后加入大黄粉和冰片,搅拌均匀,即得所述传统膏剂。
试验例1:家兔动物实验研究
1.1实验动物
选取24只普通级家兔,体重在2.0-2.5kg之间,雌雄兼用,分笼饲养。1.2试验药物
使用本发明实施例1的软膏剂、比较例1的传统膏剂以及紫草膏作为试验药物。
1.3造模
采用酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液1.0mg/kg溶于20ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液作为造模药物,进行兔耳缘静脉推注,推注时间10-15min,注射部位是兔耳缘静脉距耳尖2-3cm处近心方向,两耳同时使用。记录动物的整体情况以及注射部位情况。参考美国静脉输液护理学会静脉炎严重度判断标准,沿静脉走向出现明显红肿、肿胀等情况表明造模成功。
1.4分组和给药
将家兔随机分为模型组,试验药物组(实施例1的软膏剂),比较药物组(比较例1的传统膏剂)和对照药物组(紫草膏),每组6只,每只家兔同时使用两只耳朵,故每组有12个样本。经肉眼观察,各组间家兔耳缘静脉病变严重度之间无显著性差异。
从给药第1天起,每日上下午各给药1次,用无菌纱布包扎固定,单独饲养,保证药物作用时间每天不少于2h。于给药第8天,肉眼观察后,切取双侧耳缘静脉标本进行观察。取耳缘静脉穿刺点远心端2cm处为中心,局部麻醉后,切取面积为1cm2的双侧耳廓样本,石蜡包埋,HE染色,观察药物对静脉炎的治疗作用。
1.5观察指标
选取血管周围组织水肿、炎细胞浸润、血栓形成3个指标进行判定。每个指标分为4个等级:无(-)、轻微(+)、中度(++)、重度(+++)。1.6统计学分析
采用SPSS20.0统计软件进行分析。病理组织学结果采用H检验判断各指标的差异显著性。p<0.05时,差异有显著性。
1.7试验结果
1.7.1兔耳缘静脉血管周围组织水肿情况
表1.4组兔耳缘静脉血管周围组织水肿程度比较
由上表可以看出,静脉血管周围组织水肿的发生率,试验药物组显著优于比较药物组和对照药物组(p<0.05)。虽然比较药物组与对照药物组血管周围组织水肿程度的发生率相当,但是从严重程度上看,比较药物组中发生中度至重度水肿的比率明显低于对照药物组。
1.7.2兔耳缘静脉炎细胞浸润情况
表2.4组兔耳缘静脉炎细胞浸润程度比较
由上表可以看出,兔耳缘静脉炎细胞浸润的发生率,试验药物组显著优于比较药物组和对照药物组(p<0.05)。虽然比较药物组与对照药物组静脉炎细胞浸润的发生率相当,但是从严重程度上看,比较药物组中发生中度至重度静脉炎细胞浸润的比率明显低于对照药物组。
1.7.3兔耳缘静脉血栓形成情况
表3.4组兔耳缘静脉血栓形成程度比较
由上表可以看出,兔耳缘静脉血栓形成的发生率,试验药物组显著优于比较药物组和对照药物组(p<0.05)。而比较药物组与对照药物组静脉血栓形成的发生率以及严重程度相当。
从以上表1-3可以看出,试验药物对静脉血管周围组织水肿、炎细胞浸润、血栓形成的防治效果显著优于比较药物和对照药物。因此,对本发明中药制剂的制备工艺的改进显著增强了本发明的方药在治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎方面的疗效。从静脉血管周围组织水肿、炎细胞浸润、血栓形成的严重程度上,即便以传统制法制备本发明的方药也能明显地减轻上述症状,优于常规使用的紫草膏。
试验例2:对化疗药物引起的静脉炎治疗情况的临床观察
2.1研究对象和分组
选取2013年1月至2014年12月期间在北京市肿瘤医院、经外周静脉化疗引起化疗药物外渗及静脉炎的患者。共计158人,其中治疗组80人,对照组78人。男性47名,女性111名,年龄在23-85岁之间,平均年龄51±12.4岁。病种包括甲状腺癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、食道癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、膀胱癌、十二指肠癌、直肠癌、黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤、皮肤癌、胸腺瘤。静脉化疗用药包括阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、环磷酰胺、顺铂、卡铂、长春新碱、丝裂霉素、甲氨蝶呤、紫杉醇、乐沙定、泰索帝、匹服平、阿莫司汀。临床上根据化疗原则选择上述药物2-3种组成化疗方案静脉给药。经统计学处理,两组患者性别、年龄、病种、所用药物等方面经统计学处理无差异,具有可比性。
2.2诊断分型标准--外渗、静脉炎分型标准
2.2.1外渗
由于刺破血管造成的药物渗于血管外的皮下组织,穿刺部位肿胀明显。
2.2.2静脉炎临床分型标准
参照1990年杭州护理会议制定的静脉炎分型标准:
红肿型:沿静脉走行皮肤红肿、疼痛、触痛;
硬结型:沿给药静脉局部疼痈、触痛、静脉变硬、触之有条索感;
坏死型:沿血管周围有较大范围肿胀疼痛,形成淤斑达皮肌层;
闭锁型:静脉不通,逐步形成机化。
2.3治疗方法
1、严格无菌操作,避免感染;加强责任心,密切观察疗效,一旦出现异常情况及时给予处理,外敷。
期间患者需保持局部清洁,患肢不要过度活动、负重,并注意适当抬高患肢,以利血液问流。
2、治疗组采用本发明实施例1的软膏剂外敷。将中药膏涂于患处,厚度1毫米,然后以透明贴膜覆盖,外敷药物保持24小时,次日用清水洗净,重复上述操作。持续10天。
3、对照组采用硫酸镁湿敷。将无菌纱布浸透50%硫酸镁,敷于患处,间隔4h,重复上述操作。持续10天。
2.4疗效评价标准
治愈:局部症状消失,血管弹性恢复正常,血循环良好;疼痛消失+肿胀完全消失。
显效:局部症状消失,但是静脉血管硬化,不能作为输液用管使用;疼痛消失+肿胀消退50%。
有效:单纯疼痛消失或疼痛减轻+肿胀消退50%。
无效:无变化或合并感染,局部病灶进展。肿胀消退不足50%或疼痛不能缓解者。
2.5统计学分析
采用SPSS20.0统计软件进行分析。p<0.05时,差异有显著性。
2.6观察记录
1、根据标准将静脉炎分类。
2、两组均观察3天,根据红、肿、热、痛记录治疗前后的变化,最后总结评价治疗效果。
表4治疗组和对照组静脉炎分型情况
组别 | 红肿 | 硬结 | 坏死 | 闭锁 | 外渗 | 合计 |
治疗组 | 28 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 31 | 80 |
对照组 | 24 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 33 | 78 |
2.7结果与分析
使用中药外敷治疗化疗药物外渗及静脉炎后,显效时间最短1天,最长4天,外敷1天后局部疼痛明显减轻;硫酸镁是由于镁离子增加起到调节血管和神经作用,但局部湿敷因纱布干燥后质硬不易紧贴皮肤而影响药液吸收。
表5治疗组和对照组疗效评价
组别 | 治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
治疗组 | 56 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 98.8% |
对照组 | 7 | 18 | 20 | 33 | 57.7% |
由上表可以看出,局部外敷硫酸镁组、本发明实施例1的软膏剂对化疗性静脉炎均有一定的疗效。但是本发明实施例1的软膏剂外敷的效果显著,总有效率达到98.8%,两组总有效率间统计学差异(P<0.05)。
以上描述了本发明优选实施方式,然其并非用以限定本发明。本领域技术人员对在此公开的实施方案可进行并不偏离本发明范畴和精神的改进和变化。
Claims (1)
1.一种治疗化疗药物引起的静脉炎的水溶性基质软膏剂,它由有效成分和水溶性基质制成,所述有效成分由以下重量份的原料药制成:紫草20份,生地榆30份,生地30份,山栀20份,大黄500份,黄芩20份,冰片15份,血竭20份,制乳没各15份;所述水溶性基质包括以下重量份的原料:羧甲基纤维素钠40份,卡波姆25份,丙三醇6份,聚乙二醇400 8份,氮酮3份,苯扎氯铵0.15份;
所述软膏剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)按重量份数分别称取各原料药材,去杂,粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
b)取制乳没进行水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,备用;将水蒸气蒸馏后剩余的渣水过滤得水提液,药渣留作备用;向所述水提液中加入95%乙醇,直至乙醇浓度达到75%,冷藏静置24h,减压抽滤,将所得滤液减压浓缩成稠膏,干燥粉碎,得干膏粉备用;
c)将步骤b中所得的药渣与紫草、生地、生地榆、山栀、黄芩混合均匀,加入8倍60%的乙醇溶液回流提取,提取3次,第一次提取3h,第二、三次分别提取2h,过滤,合并提取液,减压浓缩成稀膏液,冷却至室温,加入冰片,搅拌均匀,得膏液,备用;
d)分别取大黄、血竭以及步骤b中制得的干膏粉进行超微粉碎,过300目筛,备用;
e)将步骤d得到的血竭粉和干膏粉加入到步骤c制得的膏液中,充分搅拌均匀,再加入步骤b得到的挥发油和步骤d得到的大黄粉,搅拌均匀,即得所述有效成分;
f)按重量份数称取卡波姆和丙三醇,混合后加水充分溶胀,溶胀完全后搅拌得均匀溶液;
g)按重量份数称取羧甲基纤维素钠加水充分溶胀后,搅拌得到均匀溶液,加入步骤f得到的均匀溶液,混合均匀,按重量份数加入聚乙二醇400、氮酮、苯扎氯铵,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤e得到的所述有效成分,持续搅拌至有效成分分散均匀,即得所述软膏剂。
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