CN107810763B - Guizhou karst area walnut high-branch changing method - Google Patents
Guizhou karst area walnut high-branch changing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-branch changing method for walnuts in Guizhou karst regions, which comprises the steps of selecting side branches with good branches and open heart shapes on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as tree stocks in the first ten days of 5-7 months of each year, using pruning shears to cut off 2/3 compound leaves on the tree stocks and leave 1/3 compound leaves, carrying out square grafting on the outer side surface of the tree stocks, which is 10-15 cm away from a trunk after pruning is finished, leaving a compound leaf 20cm above each grafting port, and keeping 1.5-2 cm leaf stalks on bud buds during grafting. The method makes full use of the mature effect of the individual walnut big tree plant, so that the grafted and surviving plant can blossom and fruit in advance, and the rootstock has a complete root system, so that enough water and nutrients can be supplied to the scion, the grafted plant grows and develops strongly, the joint of the rootstock is healed quickly, the survival rate of big tree grafting is high, the consumption of propagation materials is low, the cultivation cost is low, the weather influence is small, the early stem cutting is not needed, and the manpower is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest cultivation, in particular to a high-branch changing method for walnuts in Guizhou karst regions.
Background
Walnut, also known as walnut and walnut, is a juglandaceae plant, is pleased with light, cold, drought and disease resistance, is suitable for growth of various soils, is pleased with fertile and moist sandy loam, is pleased with water, fertilizer and yang, has low requirements on water and fertilizer, is not suitable for pruning after leaf falling and before germination, is easy to generate bleeding, and is suitable for growth of most of lands. Calcareous soil is popular and is commonly found in deep soil layers at two sides of a valley in a mountain area. It is also called four-big-dried fruit in the world together with almond, cashew nut and hazelnut. The walnut kernels contain rich nutrients, and each hundred grams of the walnut kernels contain 15-20 grams of protein, more fat and 10 grams of carbohydrate; and contains various trace elements and mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like which are necessary for human bodies, and various vitamins such as carotene, riboflavin and the like. Is beneficial to human body and is one of nut foods which are deeply popular with common people.
The walnut tree has strong adaptability, less plant diseases and insect pests, labor-saving management, convenient fruit storage and transportation and long service life. The walnut trees are pleased with warm and light, have strict requirements on water, particularly require sufficient water supply in the young sprout growing period and the fruit growing period, and are suitable for being planted in sandy loam with loose structure and good water retention and air permeability. The growth cycle of the walnut is divided into a germination period, a leaf expanding period, a flowering period, a fruit sclerotization period and a fruit mature period.
At present, the walnut propagation method mainly comprises a grafting method and a cutting method, but in the existing walnut grafting technology, especially in the walnut grafting technology in Guizhou karst regions, the walnut propagation material consumption is large, the asexual propagation cost is high, the grafting wound healing is slow, the grafting survival rate is low, and the blooming and fructification period after grafting is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a high-branch changing method for walnut in the Guizhou karst region, which enables walnut grafting in the Guizhou karst region not to be affected by grafting weather, does not need to cut off the walnut in advance, saves manpower, can improve the walnut grafting survival rate and the walnut propagation speed in the Guizhou karst region, reduces the consumption of walnut propagation materials, reduces the asexual propagation cost of the walnut, and shortens the flowering and fruiting period.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a high-branch changing method for walnuts in a Guizhou karst region is characterized in that in the middle first ten days of the last 5 months to the last 7 months of each year, side branches with good branches and open heart shapes on a big tree growing for 3-5 years are selected as tree stocks, 2/3 compound leaves on the tree stocks are cut off by pruning shears, 1/3 compound leaves are left, after trimming is completed, square grafting is carried out on the outer side surface, 10-15 cm away from a trunk, of each tree stock, a compound leaf is left 20cm above each grafting opening, and 1.5-2 cm leaf stalks are reserved on bud pieces during grafting.
Further, the specific operation steps of high branch optimization change are as follows:
bud slice cutting
Respectively crosscutting the upper part of the bud piece, which is 0.5 cm away from the bud, and the lower part of the petiole, which is 0.5 cm away from the bud, one blade to reach the xylem, requiring cutting off the phloem, then longitudinally cutting the two sides of the petiole one blade to reach the xylem but not cutting off the xylem, and taking down the bud piece for later use;
stock door
Respectively transversely cutting the smooth part of the outer side surface of the stock for one time up and down, longitudinally cutting the outer side for one time, wherein the length of the cut is 1.5-2 cm longer than that of the bud piece, cutting off the phloem without damaging the xylem by the depth of the cut, then using a single-sided grafting knife to flip the bark of the stock from the opening, tearing off the bark of the stock from the right side to the left side after flipping, and reserving more bark of the stock which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud piece from the left side;
bud inlay sheet
Taking down the standby bud slices, embedding the bud slices into the openings of the stocks, and pressing the bud slices by stock skins which are more than 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices, so that the bud slices are prevented from rubbing on the stocks back and forth, and cambium damage is prevented;
binding band
Firstly, fixing the bud slices up and down, then winding and binding leaf stalks and rootstocks, wrapping the bud slices with tender buds, after the binding is finished, using a grafting knife to leave 2 leaf shear stocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting port, and girdling at a position 15-20 cm above a grafting part, wherein the girdling width is 0.5-1.0 cm;
post-grafting management
A. Bud picking: applying the hidden buds once every 10 days on average, wherein at least 3 times of bud application are needed, and the bud application comprises all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of a grafting opening;
B. cutting an anvil: cutting off all the stocks 20-25 cm above the grafting opening after 25-30 days of survival of grafting, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the growth of bud sheets, applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim on the stock opening, observing the grafting survival rate after grafting, and performing additional grafting on the bud sheets with black leaf stalks after 10 days of grafting;
C. wind prevention: when the bud piece buds grow and top the grafting film, the grafting buds are cut off by the grafting knife in time, and the bud pieces are discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting buds;
D. unbinding: after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding;
E. erecting a support: in order to avoid wind fracture and the like, when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, a wood stick is tied on the stock, the young shoots are tied on the wood stick, and the winding and tying objects are removed after the bud pieces grow firmly;
F. and (3) pest control: after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again;
G. cutting a crown: after leaves fall in winter, all the stocks on the grafting opening are cut off at an angle of 45 degrees upwards in an oblique direction, and the cut is coated with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim;
H. pinching: when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year;
I. fertilizing: after grafting, timely topdressing and watering are needed when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, topdressing, watering and soil loosening and weeding can be carried out in a combined mode, foliage fertilizer is sprayed on big trees without irrigation conditions, 300 times of urea is sprayed every lO-15 days, the urea can be sprayed together with pesticides for pest control, spraying of the urea is stopped after 8 middle ten days, 300 times of monopotassium phosphate is changed to prevent the young shoots from growing, and 45% of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 500g + paclobutrazol is applied to the big trees grafted and survived in 12 months.
Further, 3 lateral branches are selected from each big tree growing for 3-5 years as rootstocks, the 3 selected lateral branches are respectively positioned in 3 different directions, and each lateral branch can not be crossed.
Furthermore, most of the grafted young shoots sprouting in the current year have poor cold resistance, and winter protection is carried out on the young shoots sprouting in the current year in winter by coating all annual branches with polyvinyl alcohol after leaves fall in autumn.
Further, the grafting time is 5 to 6 middle of the month.
Further, before the bud slices are embedded into the openings of the stocks, a piece of nanopaper is attached to a forming layer of the openings of the stocks, the nanopaper is obtained by mixing a nano-scale cellulose raw material and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules and then manufacturing the mixture by paper, wherein the content of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules is 5 wt% -8 wt%, and the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules adopt sodium alginate and gelatin as capsule materials. Firstly, the nano-scale cellulose raw material has large length-width ratio, large number of surface free hydroxyl groups, higher water retention value, good dispersibility and stability, so that cross-linking agents are not needed among fibers, and the fibers can be tightly wound and cross-linked only through hydrogen bonds. And secondly, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule can continuously and slowly release the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate plant growth regulator, improve the activities of peroxidase and nitrate reductase in plants, improve the content of chlorophyll, accelerate the photosynthesis speed, promote the division and the elongation of plant cells and accelerate the healing of grafting wounds. Finally, because the sodium alginate has strong hydrophilicity, the fresh diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule can be uniformly and stably dispersed in the nano-scale cellulose raw material by taking the sodium alginate as the capsule wall material of the fresh diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule; however, the formed gel has large pore diameter, so that the release speed of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil is high, and burst release is easy to occur, and the gelatin has extremely excellent physical properties such as dispersion stability, affinity, toughness, water retention property, reversibility and the like, and absorbs water to swell and soften after being soaked in water for a long time, so that the pore diameter of the gel formed by the sodium alginate is reduced, and the purpose of slowing down the release speed of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil and preventing burst release is achieved.
Further, the preparation method of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule comprises the following steps:
preparation of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion: dissolving gelatin in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adding an emulsifier which is 0.02 times of the mass of the deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil which is 0.5-1.0 times of the mass of the gelatin, and emulsifying at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min for 5min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion;
preparation of sodium alginate solution: dissolving sodium alginate with the mass of gelatin and the like in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adjusting the pH to 4.0 by using glacial acetic acid, and fully stirring until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution;
preparation of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule: heating a sodium alginate solution to 40-50 ℃ in a water bath, slowly and uniformly dripping diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion, stirring at a constant temperature for 50-80 min, cooling to room temperature, adjusting the pH to be neutral, adding glutaraldehyde with the mass of 0.4-0.6 times that of gelatin to solidify for 30min, fully stirring for 20-30 min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion, centrifuging the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion to remove supernatant, washing precipitates with deionized water for multiple times, filtering and drying to obtain the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule.
Further, in the preparation process of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule, drying of the precipitate is carried out under the vacuum condition, wherein the temperature of vacuum drying is 35-40 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.09-0.1 MPa. Vacuum drying can improve drying efficiency and reduce the loss of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil in the drying process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method makes full use of the mature effect of the individual walnut big tree in the Guizhou karst region, so that the grafted and alive plant can blossom and fruit in advance, and the stock has a complete root system and can supply enough moisture and nutrients to the scion, so that the grafted plant has strong growth and development, the joint of the stock is quickly healed, the survival rate of big tree grafting is high, the consumption of propagation materials is less, and the cultivation cost is low;
2. according to the invention, the nano paper is attached to the opening of the stock, the cambium damage caused by back-and-forth friction of the bud sheet on the stock in the grafting process can be well prevented, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate plant growth regulator is continuously and slowly released, the activities of peroxidase and nitrate reductase in the plant are improved, the content of chlorophyll is improved, the photosynthetic speed is accelerated, the division and the extension of plant cells are promoted, the healing of a grafting wound is accelerated, and the grafting survival rate is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples below:
preparation of nanopaper
Dissolving gelatin in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adding an emulsifier which is 0.02 times the mass of the deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil which is 0.5 times the mass of the gelatin, and emulsifying at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 5min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion; dissolving sodium alginate with the mass of gelatin and the like in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adjusting the pH to 4.0 by using glacial acetic acid, and fully stirring until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; heating a sodium alginate solution to 40 ℃ in a water bath, slowly and uniformly dropping diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion, stirring at a constant temperature for 50min, cooling to room temperature, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, adding glutaraldehyde with the mass of 0.4 times that of gelatin to solidify for 30min, fully stirring for 20min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion, centrifuging the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion to remove supernatant, washing precipitates with deionized water for multiple times, filtering, and drying in vacuum at 35-40 ℃ and 0.09-0.1 MPa to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules; and mixing the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule with a nano-scale cellulose raw material according to the proportion of 5 wt%, and then manufacturing the mixture by paper making to obtain the nano paper.
Preparation example two of nanopaper
Dissolving gelatin in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adding an emulsifier which is 0.02 times the mass of the deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil which is 1.0 times the mass of the gelatin, and emulsifying at the rotating speed of 3000r/min for 5min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion; dissolving sodium alginate with the mass of gelatin and the like in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adjusting the pH to 4.0 by using glacial acetic acid, and fully stirring until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; heating a sodium alginate solution to 50 ℃ in a water bath, slowly and uniformly dropping diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion, stirring at a constant temperature for 80min, cooling to room temperature, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, adding glutaraldehyde with the mass of 0.6 times that of gelatin to solidify for 30min, fully stirring for 30min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion, centrifuging the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion to remove supernatant, washing precipitates with deionized water for multiple times, filtering, and drying in vacuum at 35-40 ℃ and 0.09-0.1 MPa to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules; and mixing the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule with a nano-scale cellulose raw material according to the proportion of 8 wt%, and then manufacturing the mixture by paper making to obtain the nano paper.
Preparation example three of nanopaper
Dissolving gelatin in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adding an emulsifier which is 0.02 times the mass of the deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil which is 0.7 times the mass of the gelatin, and emulsifying at the rotating speed of 2500r/min for 5min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion; dissolving sodium alginate with the mass of gelatin and the like in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adjusting the pH to 4.0 by using glacial acetic acid, and fully stirring until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution; heating a sodium alginate solution to 45 ℃ in a water bath, slowly and uniformly dropping diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion, stirring at a constant temperature for 60min, cooling to room temperature, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, adding glutaraldehyde with the mass of 0.5 times that of gelatin to solidify for 30min, fully stirring for 25min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion, centrifuging the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion to remove supernatant, washing precipitates with deionized water for multiple times, filtering, and drying in vacuum at 35-40 ℃ and 0.09-0.1 MPa to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules; and mixing the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule with a nano-scale cellulose raw material according to the proportion of 6 wt%, and then manufacturing the mixture by paper making to obtain the nano paper.
The nanopaper prepared in each of the first to third examples was placed in the same environment, three pieces of the nanopaper were arbitrarily taken every week to measure the release condition of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil, each piece of the nanopaper was measured in parallel for three times and averaged to measure the sustained release period of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil in the nanopaper, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The data analysis in table 1 shows that the release cycles of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil in the prepared nanopaper are all over 35 weeks, so that the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil is slowly released, the division and the elongation of plant cells can be continuously promoted, the healing of grafting wounds is accelerated, the activities of peroxidase and nitrate reductase in plants are improved, the content of chlorophyll is increased, and the photosynthetic speed is accelerated.
High branch optimization example four of walnut
In 5-month last ten days of 2016, selecting 3 side branches with good heart-opening shape and branches on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as a stock, respectively positioning the 3 selected side branches at 3 different positions, wherein each side branch can not be crossed, shearing off 2/3 compound leaves on the stock by using a pruning shear, leaving 1/3 compound leaves, after the pruning is finished, respectively transversely cutting an upper part and a lower part of a smooth part of the outer side of the stock, which is 10-15 cm away from a trunk, longitudinally cutting the outer side by one cut, wherein the cut length is 1.5-2 cm longer than a bud piece, and the depth of the cut needs to cut off phloem without damaging xylem; respectively crosscutting a blade at a position 0.5 cm from the upper part of the bud piece grafting bud and a position 0.5 cm from the leaf stalk to reach the xylem in a depth manner, wherein the phloem is required to be cut off, then longitudinally cutting a blade at two sides of the leaf stalk respectively, cutting the bud piece to reach the xylem but not cutting the xylem, taking down the bud piece, and keeping the leaf stalk of 1.5-2 cm on the bud for later use; then, the bark of the stock is ripped from the opening by using a single-sided grafting knife, the bark of the stock is ripped from the right side to the left side after ripping, the stock bark which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices is reserved on the left side, and a compound leaf is reserved 20cm above each grafting opening; attaching a piece of nanopaper on a cambium of the opening of the stock, taking down the standby bud slices, embedding the standby bud slices at the opening of the stock, and pressing the bud slices by stock skins which are more than 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices, so that the bud slices are prevented from rubbing on the stock back and forth, and the cambium is prevented from being damaged; fixing the bud slices up and down, then winding and binding the leaf stalks and the rootstocks, keeping gaps as little as possible to form an inverted triangular closed space, wrapping the bud slices with tender buds, after binding is finished, using a grafting knife to keep 2 leaf cutting stocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting opening, and enabling the girdling width to be 0.2-0.5 cm for one circle; after grafting, the hidden buds are wiped off once every 10 days, at least 3 times of wiping buds are needed, and the wiping buds comprise all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of the grafting port; cutting off all the stocks 20-25 cm above the grafting opening after 25-30 days of survival of grafting, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the growth of bud sheets, applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim on the stock opening, observing the grafting survival rate after grafting, and performing additional grafting on the bud sheets with black leaf stalks after 10 days of grafting; when the bud with the bud slice grows and pushes up the grafting film, the grafting bud is cut by the grafting knife in time, and the bud is discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting bud; after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding; in order to avoid wind fracture and the like, when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, a wood stick is tied on the stock, the young shoots are tied on the wood stick, and the winding and tying objects are removed after the bud pieces grow firmly; after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again; cutting off all the materials 1-2 cm above the grafting opening in winter, and smearing the materials at the cutting opening with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim; when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year; timely topdressing and watering are needed when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, topdressing, watering and soil loosening and weeding can be carried out in a combined mode, foliage spraying is adopted for big trees without irrigation conditions, 300-time urea is sprayed every lO-15 days, the urea can be sprayed together with pesticides for pest control, spraying of the urea is stopped after 8 middle ten months, 300-time monopotassium phosphate is changed into 300-time monopotassium phosphate, so that the young shoots are prevented from growing in vain, and 45% potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 500g + paclobutrazol 0.5g is applied to the big trees grafted and survived in 12 months; after falling leaves in autumn, all annual branches are treated with polyvinyl alcohol to protect the young shoots germinating in the same year from cold in winter.
High branch optimization example five of walnut
In 7-month middle ten days of 2016, selecting 3 side branches with good heart-opening shape and branches on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as a stock, respectively positioning the 3 selected side branches at 3 different positions, wherein each side branch can not be crossed, shearing off 2/3 compound leaves on the stock by using a pruning shear, leaving 1/3 compound leaves, after the pruning is finished, respectively transversely cutting an upper part and a lower part of a smooth part of the outer side of the stock, which is 10-15 cm away from a trunk, longitudinally cutting the outer side by one cut, wherein the cut length is 1.5-2 cm longer than a bud piece, and the cut depth is required to cut off phloem without damaging xylem; respectively crosscutting the upper part of the bud piece at 0.5 cm and the lower part of the leaf stalk at 0.5 cm to cut the xylem to cut off the phloem, then longitudinally cutting the two sides of the leaf stalk at one time to ensure that the xylem is not cut off but the xylem is reached in depth, taking down the bud piece, and reserving the leaf stalk of 1.5-2 cm on the bud for later use; then, the bark of the stock is ripped from the opening by using a single-sided grafting knife, the bark of the stock is ripped from the right side to the left side after ripping, the stock bark which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices is reserved on the left side, and a compound leaf is reserved 20cm above each grafting opening; attaching a piece of nanopaper on a cambium of the opening of the stock, taking down the standby bud slices, embedding the standby bud slices at the opening of the stock, and pressing the bud slices by stock skins which are more than 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices, so that the bud slices are prevented from rubbing on the stock back and forth, and the cambium is prevented from being damaged; fixing the bud slices up and down, then winding and binding the leaf stalks and the rootstocks, keeping gaps as little as possible to form an inverted triangular closed space, wrapping the bud slices with tender buds, after binding is finished, using a grafting knife to keep 2 leaf cutting stocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting opening, and enabling the girdling width to be 0.2-0.5 cm for one circle; after grafting, the hidden buds are wiped off once every 10 days, at least 3 times of wiping buds are needed, and the wiping buds comprise all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of the grafting port; cutting off all the stocks 20-25 cm above the grafting opening after 25-30 days of survival of grafting, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the growth of bud sheets, applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim on the stock opening, observing the grafting survival rate after grafting, and performing additional grafting on the bud sheets with black leaf stalks after 10 days of grafting; when the bud with the bud slice grows and pushes up the grafting film, the grafting bud is cut by the grafting knife in time, and the bud is discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting bud; after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding; in order to avoid wind fracture and the like, when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, a wood stick is tied on the stock, the young shoots are tied on the wood stick, and the winding and tying objects are removed after the bud pieces grow firmly; after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again; cutting off all the materials 1-2 cm above the grafting opening in winter, and smearing the materials at the cutting opening with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim; when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year; timely topdressing and watering are needed when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, topdressing, watering and soil loosening and weeding can be carried out in a combined mode, foliage spraying is adopted for big trees without irrigation conditions, 300-time urea is sprayed every lO-15 days, the urea can be sprayed together with pesticides for pest control, spraying of the urea is stopped after 8 middle ten months, 300-time monopotassium phosphate is changed into 300-time monopotassium phosphate, so that the young shoots are prevented from growing in vain, and 45% potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 500g + paclobutrazol 0.5g is applied to the big trees grafted and survived in 12 months; after falling leaves in autumn, all annual branches are treated with polyvinyl alcohol to protect the young shoots germinating in the same year from cold in winter.
High branch changing excellent example six of walnut
In 5-month middle ten days of 2016, selecting 3 side branches with good heart-opening shape and branches on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as a stock, respectively positioning the 3 selected side branches at 3 different positions, wherein each side branch can not be crossed, shearing off the compound leaves of 2/3 on the stock by using a pruning shear, leaving 1/3 compound leaves, after the pruning is completed, respectively transversely cutting the upper part and the lower part of a smooth part of the outer side of the stock, which is 10-15 cm away from a trunk, one cut is longitudinally cut on the outer side, the length of the cut is 1.5-2 cm longer than that of a bud, and the cutting edge depth is required to cut off phloem without damaging xylem; respectively crosscutting the upper part of the bud piece at 0.5 cm and the lower part of the leaf stalk at 0.5 cm to cut the xylem to cut off the phloem, then longitudinally cutting the two sides of the leaf stalk at one time to ensure that the xylem is not cut off but the xylem is reached in depth, taking down the bud piece, and reserving the leaf stalk of 1.5-2 cm on the bud for later use; then, the bark of the stock is ripped from the opening by using a single-sided grafting knife, the bark of the stock is ripped from the right side to the left side after ripping, the stock bark which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices is reserved on the left side, and a compound leaf is reserved 20cm above each grafting opening; attaching a piece of nanopaper on a cambium of the opening of the stock, taking down the standby bud slices, embedding the standby bud slices at the opening of the stock, and pressing the bud slices by stock skins which are more than 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices, so that the bud slices are prevented from rubbing on the stock back and forth, and the cambium is prevented from being damaged; fixing the bud slices up and down, then winding and binding the leaf stalks and the rootstocks, keeping gaps as little as possible to form an inverted triangular closed space, wrapping the bud slices with tender buds, after binding is finished, using a grafting knife to keep 2 leaf cutting stocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting opening, and enabling the girdling width to be 0.2-0.5 cm for one circle; after grafting, the hidden buds are wiped off once every 10 days, at least 3 times of wiping buds are needed, and the wiping buds comprise all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of the grafting port; cutting off all the stocks 20-25 cm above the grafting opening after 25-30 days of survival of grafting, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the growth of bud sheets, applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim on the stock opening, observing the grafting survival rate after grafting, and performing additional grafting on the bud sheets with black leaf stalks after 10 days of grafting; when the bud piece buds grow and top the grafting film, the grafting buds are cut off by the grafting knife in time, and the bud pieces are discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting buds; after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding; in order to avoid wind fracture and the like, when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, a wood stick is tied on the stock, the young shoots are tied on the wood stick, and the winding and tying objects are removed after the bud pieces grow firmly; after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again; cutting off all the materials 1-2 cm above the grafting opening in winter, and smearing the materials at the cutting opening with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim; when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year; timely topdressing and watering are needed when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, topdressing, watering and soil loosening and weeding can be carried out in a combined mode, foliage spraying is adopted for big trees without irrigation conditions, 300-time urea is sprayed every lO-15 days, the urea can be sprayed together with pesticides for pest control, spraying of the urea is stopped after 8 middle ten months, 300-time monopotassium phosphate is changed into 300-time monopotassium phosphate, so that the young shoots are prevented from growing too much, and 500g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.5g of paclobutrazol are applied to the big trees grafted to survive in 12 months; after falling leaves in autumn, all annual branches are treated with polyvinyl alcohol to protect the young shoots germinating in the same year from cold in winter.
Example seven for high-branch exchange of walnut
In the middle ten days of the 6 th month in 2016, selecting 3 side branches with good heart-opening shape and branches on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as a stock, respectively positioning the 3 selected side branches at 3 different positions, wherein each side branch can not be crossed, cutting off the compound leaves of 2/3 on the stock by using a pruning shear, leaving 1/3 compound leaves, after finishing the trimming, respectively carrying out upper and lower transverse cutting on the smooth part of the outer side of the stock, which is 10-15 cm away from a trunk, and then carrying out longitudinal cutting on the outer side by one cut, wherein the length of the longitudinal cutting is 1.5-2 cm longer than that of a bud chip, and the depth of the cut needs to cut off the phloem without damaging the xylem; respectively crosscutting the upper part of the bud piece at 0.5 cm and the lower part of the leaf stalk at 0.5 cm to cut the xylem to cut off the phloem, then longitudinally cutting the two sides of the leaf stalk at one time to ensure that the xylem is not cut off but the xylem is reached in depth, taking down the bud piece, and reserving the leaf stalk of 1.5-2 cm on the bud for later use; then, the bark of the stock is ripped from the opening by using a single-sided grafting knife, the bark of the stock is ripped from the right side to the left side after ripping, the stock bark which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices is reserved on the left side, and a compound leaf is reserved 20cm above each grafting opening; attaching a piece of nanopaper on a cambium of the opening of the stock, taking down the standby bud slices, embedding the standby bud slices at the opening of the stock, and pressing the bud slices by stock skins which are more than 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices, so that the bud slices are prevented from rubbing on the stock back and forth, and the cambium is prevented from being damaged; fixing the bud slices up and down, then winding and binding the leaf stalks and the rootstocks, keeping gaps as little as possible to form an inverted triangular closed space, wrapping the bud slices with tender buds, after binding is finished, using a grafting knife to keep 2 leaf cutting stocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting opening, and enabling the girdling width to be 0.2-0.5 cm for one circle; after grafting, the hidden buds are wiped off once every 10 days, at least 3 times of wiping buds are needed, and the wiping buds comprise all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of the grafting port; cutting off all the stocks 20-25 cm above the grafting opening after 25-30 days of survival of grafting, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the growth of bud sheets, applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim on the stock opening, observing the grafting survival rate after grafting, and performing additional grafting on the bud sheets with black leaf stalks after 10 days of grafting; when the bud piece buds grow and top the grafting film, the grafting buds are cut off by the grafting knife in time, and the bud pieces are discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting buds; after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding; in order to avoid wind fracture and the like, when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, a wood stick is tied on the stock, the young shoots are tied on the wood stick, and the winding and tying objects are removed after the bud pieces grow firmly; after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again; cutting off all the materials 1-2 cm above the grafting opening in winter, and smearing the materials at the cutting opening with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim; when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year; timely topdressing and watering are needed when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, topdressing, watering and soil loosening and weeding can be carried out in a combined mode, foliage spraying is adopted for big trees without irrigation conditions, 300-time urea is sprayed every lO-15 days, the urea can be sprayed together with pesticides for pest control, spraying of the urea is stopped after 8 middle ten months, 300-time monopotassium phosphate is changed into 300-time monopotassium phosphate, so that the young shoots are prevented from growing too much, and 500g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.5g of paclobutrazol are applied to the big trees grafted to survive in 12 months; after falling leaves in autumn, all annual branches are treated with polyvinyl alcohol to protect the young shoots germinating in the same year from cold in winter.
High branch optimization embodiment eight of walnut
The present embodiment is different from the fourth to sixth embodiments in that: directly inlay the bud piece to stock opening part, do not laminate a nanometer paper on the cambium of stock opening.
In 5-month middle ten days of 2016, selecting 3 side branches with good heart-opening shape and branches on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as a stock, respectively positioning the 3 selected side branches at 3 different positions, wherein each side branch can not be crossed, shearing off 2/3 compound leaves on the stock by using a pruning shear, leaving 1/3 compound leaves, after the pruning is finished, respectively transversely cutting an upper part and a lower part of a smooth part of the outer side of the stock, which is 10-15 cm away from a trunk, longitudinally cutting the outer side by one cut, wherein the cut length is 1.5-2 cm longer than a bud piece, and the cut depth is required to cut off phloem without damaging xylem; respectively crosscutting the upper part of the bud piece at 0.5 cm and the lower part of the leaf stalk at 0.5 cm to cut the xylem to cut off the phloem, then longitudinally cutting the two sides of the leaf stalk at one time to ensure that the xylem is not cut off but the xylem is reached in depth, taking down the bud piece, and reserving the leaf stalk of 1.5-2 cm on the bud for later use; then, a single-sided grafting knife is used for ripping the skin of the stock from the opening, the stock skin is ripped from the left side of the right side after ripping, the stock skin which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices is reserved on the left side, and a compound leaf is reserved 20cm above each grafting opening; attaching a piece of nanopaper on a cambium of the opening of the stock, taking down the standby bud slices, embedding the standby bud slices at the opening of the stock, and pressing the bud slices by stock skins which are more than 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slices, so that the bud slices are prevented from rubbing on the stock back and forth, and the cambium is prevented from being damaged; fixing the bud slices up and down, then winding and binding the leaf stalks and the rootstocks, keeping gaps as little as possible to form an inverted triangular closed space, wrapping the bud slices with tender buds, after binding is finished, using a grafting knife to keep 2 leaf cutting stocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting opening, and enabling the girdling width to be 0.2-0.5 cm for one circle; after grafting, the hidden buds are wiped off once every 10 days, at least 3 times of wiping buds are needed, and the wiping buds comprise all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of the grafting port; cutting off all the stocks 20-25 cm above the grafting opening after 25-30 days of survival of grafting, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the growth of bud sheets, applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim on the stock opening, observing the grafting survival rate after grafting, and performing additional grafting on the bud sheets with black leaf stalks after 10 days of grafting; when the bud piece buds grow and top the grafting film, the grafting buds are cut off by the grafting knife in time, and the bud pieces are discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting buds; after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding; in order to avoid wind fracture and the like, when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, a wood stick is tied on the stock, the young shoots are tied on the wood stick, and the winding and tying objects are removed after the bud pieces grow firmly; after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again; cutting off all the materials 1-2 cm above the grafting opening in winter, and smearing the materials at the cutting opening with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim; when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year; timely topdressing and watering are needed when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, topdressing, watering and soil loosening and weeding can be carried out in a combined mode, foliage spraying is adopted for big trees without irrigation conditions, 300-time urea is sprayed every lO-15 days, the urea can be sprayed together with pesticides for pest control, spraying of the urea is stopped after 8 middle ten months, 300-time monopotassium phosphate is changed into 300-time monopotassium phosphate, so that the young shoots are prevented from growing too much, and 500g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.5g of paclobutrazol are applied to the big trees grafted to survive in 12 months; after falling leaves in autumn, all annual branches are treated with polyvinyl alcohol to protect the young shoots germinating in the same year from cold in winter.
By adopting the grafting method of the fourth embodiment to the eighth embodiment, 50 walnut big trees are respectively improved, the average healing period (week) of the grafting wound is observed after grafting, and the grafting survival rate (%), the average growth length (cm) of the scion bud and the average biomass accumulation (g) of the scion bud are respectively investigated and counted after 12 months of grafting, and the statistical results are shown in table 2:
the data analysis in table 2 shows that in the fourth to seventh embodiments, before the bud sheet is inlaid in the opening of the stock, a piece of nanopaper is attached to the cambium of the opening of the stock before grafting, the average healing period of the grafting wound is below 4.5 weeks, the grafting survival rate reaches above 95%, the average growth length of the grafted bud is above 22cm, the average biomass of the grafted bud is accumulated above 130g, and the bud sheet is directly inlaid in the opening of the stock; the average healing period of grafting wounds of the eight examples without attaching a piece of nano paper on the cambium of the rootstock opening reaches 6.1 weeks, the grafting survival rate is lower than 95%, the average growth length of the scion is lower than 20cm, and the average biomass accumulation of the scion is lower than 110 g. The fourth example and the fifth example are respectively grafted in the last ten days of 5 months and the middle ten days of 7 months, compared with the sixth example and the seventh example, the average healing period of wounds is longer, the grafting survival rate is reduced by 4 percentage points, the average growth length of the scion buds is different by more than 4cm, and the average biomass accumulation of the scion buds is different by more than 25 g. Therefore, before the bud sheets are embedded into the openings of the stocks, a piece of nanopaper is attached to the cambium of the opening of the stock before grafting, and grafting effect is better from 5 to 6 middle of the month.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (7)
1. A high-branch quality-changing method for walnuts in Guizhou karst regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting 1-2 year old lateral branches with good open heart shapes and branches on a big tree growing for 3-5 years as stocks in the first ten days of the last 5 months to the last 7 months of the year, cutting off 2/3 complex leaves on the stocks by using pruning shears, leaving 1/3 complex leaves, performing square grafting on the lateral surfaces, which are 10-15 cm away from a trunk, of the stocks, leaving one complex leaf 20cm above each grafting opening, and reserving 1.5-2 cm leaf stalks on bud buds during grafting, wherein the specific operation steps of high branch exchange are as follows:
bud slice cutting
Respectively crosscutting the upper part of the bud piece, which is 0.5 cm away from the bud, and the lower part of the petiole, which is 0.5 cm away from the bud, one blade to reach the xylem, requiring cutting off the phloem, then longitudinally cutting the two sides of the petiole one blade to reach the xylem but not cutting off the xylem, and taking down the bud piece for later use;
stock door
Transversely cutting the smooth part of the outer side surface of the stock by one cut up and down respectively, longitudinally cutting the outer side by one cut which is 1.5-2 cm longer than the length of a bud slice, cutting off the phloem by the depth of the cut without damaging the xylem, then using a single-sided grafting knife to open the bark of the stock from the opening, tearing the bark of the stock from the right side to the left side after opening, and reserving more bark of the stock which is 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud slice on the left side;
bud inlay sheet
Before the bud sheets are embedded in the openings of the stocks, a piece of nanopaper is attached to the cambium of the stock openings, the standby bud sheets are taken down and embedded in the openings of the stocks, stock skins which are 0.5-1 cm wider than the bud sheets are reserved to press the bud sheets, the back-and-forth friction of the bud sheets on the stocks is avoided, the damage of the cambium is prevented, and the nanopaper is prepared by mixing a nano-scale cellulose raw material and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsules and then carrying out papermaking;
binding band
Firstly, fixing the bud slices and the rootstocks up and down, then winding and binding leaf stalks and the rootstocks, wrapping the bud slices and the tender shoots, after the binding is finished, reserving 2 leaf shear rootstocks at a position 10-15 cm above a grafting port by using a grafting knife, and girdling at a position 15-20 cm above a grafting part, wherein the girdling width is 0.5-1.0 cm;
post-grafting management
A. Bud picking: applying the hidden buds once every 10 days on average, wherein at least 3 times of bud application are needed, and the bud application comprises all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of a grafting opening;
B. cutting an anvil: after grafting survives for 25-30 days, cutting off all the stocks at a position 20-25 cm above a grafting opening, reserving a compound leaf, facilitating the growth and the extraction of bud sheets, and applying a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim at the opening of the stocks;
C. wind prevention: when the bud piece buds grow and top the grafting film, the grafting buds are cut off by the grafting knife in time, and the bud pieces are discharged to be beneficial to the growth of the grafting buds;
D. unbinding: after the wound is completely healed 45-60 days after grafting, removing the binding;
E. erecting a support: when the young shoots grow to 30-50 cm, binding a wood stick on the stock, binding the young shoots on the wood stick, and removing the wound and bound objects after the bud pieces grow firmly;
F. and (3) pest control: after grafting survival, performing first pest control when the scion sprouts by 1.5 cm, spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water, performing second pest control in the middle and late 8 months, and spraying a mixed solution of 10ml of Victoria Ma + 10ml of atropic 3 bags + 100ml of Keepack +15L of water again;
G. cutting a crown: after leaves fall in winter, all the stocks on the grafting opening are cut off at an angle of 45 degrees upwards in an oblique direction, and the cut is coated with a mixed viscous liquid of emulsion paint and carbendazim;
H. pinching: when the grafted bud grows to 40-60 cm, pinching is carried out so as to facilitate multi-branching of branches in the next year;
I. fertilizing: after grafting, timely topdressing and watering or foliage spraying when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, spraying 300 times of urea every 10-15 days, changing to 300 times of monopotassium phosphate after 8 middle ten days to prevent the young shoots from growing too much, and applying 500g of 45% potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.5g of paclobutrazol to each big tree grafted to survive in 12 months.
2. The high-branch optimization method for the walnuts in the Guizhou karst region, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: 3 lateral branches are selected from each big tree growing for 3-5 years as rootstocks, the 3 selected lateral branches are respectively positioned in 3 different directions, and each lateral branch can not be crossed.
3. The high-branch optimization method for the walnuts in the Guizhou karst region, as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: also comprises winter protection of the new shoots sprouting in the current year in winter, and the method is that all annual shoots are coated with polyvinyl alcohol after falling leaves in autumn.
4. The high-branch optimization method for the walnuts in the Guizhou karst region, as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the grafting time is 5 to 6 ten days in the middle of the month.
5. The high-branch optimization method for walnuts in Guizhou karst regions, as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the content of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule is 5-8 wt%, and sodium alginate and gelatin are used as capsule wall materials in the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule.
6. The high-branch optimization method for the walnuts in the Guizhou karst region, as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the preparation method of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule comprises the following steps:
preparation of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion: dissolving gelatin in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adding an emulsifier which is 0.02 times of the mass of the deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil which is 0.5-1.0 times of the mass of the gelatin, and emulsifying at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min for 5min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion;
preparation of sodium alginate solution: dissolving sodium alginate with the mass of gelatin and the like in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 3:100, adjusting the pH to 4.0 by using glacial acetic acid, and fully stirring until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved to obtain a sodium alginate solution;
preparation of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule: heating a sodium alginate solution to 40-50 ℃ in a water bath, slowly and uniformly dripping diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil emulsion, stirring at a constant temperature for 50-80 min, cooling to room temperature, adjusting the pH to be neutral, adding glutaraldehyde with the mass of 0.4-0.6 times that of gelatin to solidify for 30min, fully stirring for 20-30 min to obtain diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion, centrifuging the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule emulsion to remove supernatant, washing precipitates with deionized water for multiple times, filtering and drying to obtain the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule.
7. The high-branch optimization method for walnuts in Guizhou karst regions, as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: in the preparation process of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate crude oil microcapsule, the drying of the precipitate is carried out under the vacuum condition, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying is 35-40 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.09-0.1 MPa.
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