CN107751094A - 一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,采用基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂、营养添加剂混合饲喂豚鼠,为豚鼠不同的生长期间提供不同的营养需求,改善豚鼠肉质,提高豚鼠存活率,获得优质的富硒豚鼠。所述基础加硒日粮由环腺苷酸、统糠、提摩西草、赤地利、玉米粉、花生粉、栗子粉、红薯叶、食盐、蛋氨酸硒、食盐、胱氨酸硒组成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法。
背景技术
豚鼠又名荷兰鼠、荷兰猪、天竺鼠、几内亚猪,在动物学的分类是哺乳纲啮齿目豚鼠科豚鼠属。豚鼠是珍贵的皮肉兼用的多用途草食动物。荷兰猪成年体重1-1.5千克,体长20-30厘米,皮毛紧披,富有光泽,种属分布共5属15种,为南美洲特产。
豚鼠的肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,属于低脂肪、低胆固醇的肉类,具有浓厚的野味特色,营养丰富,不油不腻,口感极佳,味道鲜美,没有老鼠和兔子肉的骚腥和臭味。经鉴定,豚鼠肉的蛋白质中含19种氨基酸和钙、磷、铁及抗癌元素锌和硒等多种微量元素,是理想的营养滋补保健食品,是妇女的美容肉、青年的健美肉、儿童的滋补肉、老人的抗衰老肉。具有滋补、养颜、壮阳等功效,对营养不良、贫血、失眠、食欲低下、疲劳等均有良好的调节作用。经常食用能有效地平衡体内所需的各种营养物质,促进体内正常分泌代谢,增强免疫力。对胃病、高血压、冠心病等也有较明显的食疗作用。
中国专利《一种豚鼠的养殖方法》(专利申请号:CN201610716142.7)公开了一种豚鼠的养殖方法,包括搭舍,建池,饲养;此法具有天然无公害、符合生长规律、能实现豚鼠的规模化养殖,豚鼠的成活率高,生长速度快,具有广泛的市场前景。
目前,豚鼠越来越受到人们的青睐,随着野生豚鼠数量锐减,人工饲养豚鼠变得越来越重要。硒是人体内不可缺少的微量元素,它具有强抗氧化作用,能够清除体内脂质过氧化物和自由基以保护细胞膜,提高机体免疫力和抗病力,保护人体抵御外来有害物质。人类40多种疾病与缺硒有关,而现在大部分人处于缺硒的状态,所以人们期望通过饮食来补充所缺失的微量元素硒。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,采用富硒饲料饲喂豚鼠,在豚鼠生长的不同时期提供不同的营养物质,改善豚鼠肉质,提高豚鼠存活率,获得优质的富硒豚鼠。
本发明可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)育雏期:5-30日龄,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂16-18%、营养添加剂4-6%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共8-12g;
(2)生长期:30日龄-性成熟,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂8-10%、营养添加剂24-28%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共20-30g;
(3)成年期:性成熟以后,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂6-8%、营养添加剂16-20%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共35-40g;
(4)妊娠期:将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂10-12%、营养添加剂16-20%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共35-40g。
所述基础加硒日粮:环腺苷酸0.01-0.03份、统糠45-50份、提摩西草32-40份、赤地利10-15份、玉米粉33-37份、花生粉22-28份、栗子粉4-6份、红薯叶20-22份、食盐1.2-1.4份、蛋氨酸硒1-3份、食盐1-1.4份、胱氨酸硒1-3份。
所述统糠的制备:称取统糠加入10倍量蒸馏水中,经20000r/min分散处理1min,分装至三角瓶中,高压蒸汽灭菌,在经PDA培养活化后的菌种中,分别挑取菌丝体,接种到已灭菌的统糠液体培养基中,以160r/min,28℃培养8d,然后冷冻干燥,粉碎过40目筛。
所述保健添加剂:次氯酸钠0.01-0.03份、小青龙汤1.5-2.5份、无花果提取物4-6份、菘菜33-37份、腹水草2-4份、猪毛菜30-35份、金樱子30-35份、茴香8-13份、陈皮44-48份、茯苓8-13份、鹅脚板22-27份、薄荷4-8份、牡丹皮35-40份、金荞麦28-32份、鸡血藤13-19份、茵陈3-4份。
所述小青龙汤由10-15份麻黄、10-15份芍药、3-6份细辛、10-15份干姜、10-15份甘草炙、10-15份桂枝、3-6份五味子、10-15份半夏熬制而成。
所述无花果提取物:取无花果粉末,按料液比1:49加入蒸馏水,在90℃下提取21min,提取2次后合并提取液,抽滤取上清液,浓缩后加入无水乙醇至乙醇浓度为80%,于4℃下静置12h,经5000r/min离心,取沉淀物干燥。
所述营养添加剂:沙棘果压榨汁4-6份、对叶豆8-15份、杏仁2-3份、鼠尾粟10-20份、黄豆粉20-22份、花生粉18-20份、鱼粉10-12份;所述沙棘果压榨汁是取新鲜沙棘果于压榨机中压榨成果汁,在60℃下进行3倍浓缩而成。
本发明具备以下有益效果:
本发明涉及一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,日粮中加入的环腺苷酸具有促增重作用,可诱导豚鼠的肌肉增长,改善豚鼠的内分泌状况,增加饲料蛋白质的利用率,改变豚鼠体内能量的分配,促进蛋白质在体内的沉积,从而改善豚鼠肉质;
本发明日粮中加入统糠,在豚鼠日采食、增重、料肉比、经济效益和成活率高,统糠的适口性好,豚鼠更加喜食,降低饲料成本,提高饲料经济效益;
本发明加入少量次氯酸钠的保健添加剂,成为一种生长刺激剂,育雏期豚鼠容易因致病性肠道菌假单孔菌引起的早期死亡并发症,次氯酸钠的加入大大降低了豚鼠早期死亡,提高豚鼠存活率;
本发明小青龙汤和无花果提取物加入保健添加剂中,提高了豚鼠的抗病能力,并可抗菌消炎,有效降低豚鼠常见的链球菌病、哮喘病、巨细胞病毒病、沙门菌病和体外寄生虫病等的发病率;
本发明营养添加剂中加入沙棘果压榨汁,富含维生素C、维生素E、胡萝卜素等对豚鼠生长发育有益的生物活性物质,具有很高的营养价值,并可降低豚鼠机体及红细胞膜的脂质过氧化反应等,促进豚鼠对钙、镁、磷、硒等有益元素的吸收。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)育雏期:17.5日龄,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂17%、营养添加剂5%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共10g;
(2)生长期:30日龄性成熟,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂9%、营养添加剂26%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共25g;
(3)成年期:性成熟以后,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂7%、营养添加剂18%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共37.5g;
(4)妊娠期:将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂11%、营养添加剂18%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共37.5g。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述基础加硒日粮为:环腺苷酸0.02份、统糠47.5份、提摩西草36份、赤地利12.5份、玉米粉35份、花生粉25份、栗子粉5份、红薯叶21份、食盐1.3份、蛋氨酸硒2份、食盐1.2份、胱氨酸硒2份。
上述统糠的制备:称取统糠加入10倍量蒸馏水中,经20000r/min分散处理1min,分装至三角瓶中,高压蒸汽灭菌,在经PDA培养活化后的菌种中,分别挑取菌丝体,接种到已灭菌的统糠液体培养基中,以160r/min,28℃培养8d,然后冷冻干燥,粉碎过40目筛。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述保健添加剂为:次氯酸钠0.02份、小青龙汤2份、无花果提取物5份、菘菜35份、腹水草3份、猪毛菜32.5份、金樱子32.5份、茴香10.5份、陈皮46份、茯苓10.5份、鹅脚板24.5份、薄荷6份、牡丹皮37.5份、金荞麦30份、鸡血藤16份、茵陈3.5份。
上述小青龙汤由12.5份麻黄、12.5份芍药、4.5份细辛、12.5份干姜、12.5份甘草炙、12.5份桂枝、4.5份五味子、12.5份半夏熬制而成。
上述无花果提取物的制备:取无花果粉末,按料液比1:49加入蒸馏水,在90℃下提取21min,提取2次后合并提取液,抽滤取上清液,浓缩后加入无水乙醇至乙醇浓度为80%,于4℃下静置12h,经5000r/min离心,取沉淀物干燥。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述营养添加剂为:沙棘果压榨汁5份、对叶豆11.5份、杏仁2.5份、鼠尾粟15份、黄豆粉21份、花生粉19份、鱼粉11份;所述沙棘果压榨汁是取新鲜沙棘果于压榨机中压榨成果汁,在60℃下进行3倍浓缩而成。
实施例2
一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)育雏期:5~30日龄,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂16%、营养添加剂4%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共8g;
(2)生长期:30日龄性成熟,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂8%、营养添加剂24%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共20g;
(3)成年期:性成熟以后,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂6%、营养添加剂16%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共35g;
(4)妊娠期:将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂10%、营养添加剂16%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共35g。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述基础加硒日粮为:环腺苷酸0.01份、统糠45份、提摩西草32份、赤地利10份、玉米粉33份、花生粉22份、栗子粉4份、红薯叶20份、食盐1.2份、蛋氨酸硒1份、食盐1份、胱氨酸硒1份。
上述统糠的制备:称取统糠加入10倍量蒸馏水中,经20000r/min分散处理1min,分装至三角瓶中,高压蒸汽灭菌,在经PDA培养活化后的菌种中,分别挑取菌丝体,接种到已灭菌的统糠液体培养基中,以160r/min,28℃培养8d,然后冷冻干燥,粉碎过40目筛。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述保健添加剂为:次氯酸钠0.01份、小青龙汤1.5份、无花果提取物4份、菘菜33份、腹水草2份、猪毛菜30份、金樱子30份、茴香8份、陈皮44份、茯苓8份、鹅脚板22份、薄荷4份、牡丹皮35份、金荞麦28份、鸡血藤13份、茵陈3份。
上述小青龙汤由10份麻黄、10份芍药、3份细辛、10份干姜、10份甘草炙、10份桂枝、3份五味子、10份半夏熬制而成。
上述无花果提取物的制备:取无花果粉末,按料液比1:49加入蒸馏水,在90℃下提取21min,提取2次后合并提取液,抽滤取上清液,浓缩后加入无水乙醇至乙醇浓度为80%,于4℃下静置12h,经5000r/min离心,取沉淀物干燥。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述营养添加剂为:沙棘果压榨汁4份、对叶豆8份、杏仁2份、鼠尾粟10份、黄豆粉20份、花生粉18份、鱼粉10份;所述沙棘果压榨汁是取新鲜沙棘果于压榨机中压榨成果汁,在60℃下进行3倍浓缩而成。
实施例3
一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)育雏期:5~30日龄,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂18%、营养添加剂6%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共12g;
(2)生长期:30日龄性成熟,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂10%、营养添加剂28%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共30g;
(3)成年期:性成熟以后,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂8%、营养添加剂20%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共40g;
(4)妊娠期:将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂12%、营养添加剂20%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共40g。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述基础加硒日粮为:环腺苷酸0.03份、统糠50份、提摩西草40份、赤地利15份、玉米粉37份、花生粉28份、栗子粉6份、红薯叶22份、食盐1.4份、蛋氨酸硒3份、食盐1.4份、胱氨酸硒3份。
上述统糠的制备:称取统糠加入10倍量蒸馏水中,经20000r/min分散处理1min,分装至三角瓶中,高压蒸汽灭菌,在经PDA培养活化后的菌种中,分别挑取菌丝体,接种到已灭菌的统糠液体培养基中,以160r/min,28℃培养8d,然后冷冻干燥,粉碎过40目筛。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述保健添加剂为:次氯酸钠0.03份、小青龙汤2.5份、无花果提取物6份、菘菜37份、腹水草4份、猪毛菜35份、金樱子35份、茴香13份、陈皮48份、茯苓13份、鹅脚板27份、薄荷8份、牡丹皮40份、金荞麦32份、鸡血藤19份、茵陈4份。
上述小青龙汤由15份麻黄、15份芍药、6份细辛、15份干姜、15份甘草炙、15份桂枝、6份五味子、15份半夏熬制而成。
上述无花果提取物的制备:取无花果粉末,按料液比1:49加入蒸馏水,在90℃下提取21min,提取2次后合并提取液,抽滤取上清液,浓缩后加入无水乙醇至乙醇浓度为80%,于4℃下静置12h,经5000r/min离心,取沉淀物干燥。
本实施例一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,所述营养添加剂为:沙棘果压榨汁6份、对叶豆15份、杏仁3份、鼠尾粟20份、黄豆粉22份、花生粉20份、鱼粉12份;所述沙棘果压榨汁是取新鲜沙棘果于压榨机中压榨成果汁,在60℃下进行3倍浓缩而成。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于,基础加硒日粮中不包括环腺苷酸。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于,营养添加剂中不包含沙棘果压榨汁。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于,保健添加剂中不包括小青龙汤和无花果提取物。
效果评价
建立多层饲养箱,环境保持安静,噪声在50分贝以下,控制箱内温度20~24℃,室内温度范围18~26℃,选用聚维酮碘全面进行消毒。再按照上述实施例1~3、对比例1~3对豚鼠进行养殖,雏山鸡和成年山鸡分开养殖,其中,养殖过程的相关数据记录如下:
组别/项目 | 豚鼠发病率/% | 豚鼠增重率/% | 豚鼠粗蛋白含量/% | 豚鼠毛发情况 |
实施例1 | 52.1 | 18.58 | 20.27 | 良好 |
实施例2 | 52.74 | 18.4 | 19.9 | 良好 |
实施例3 | 52.4 | 18.29 | 20.21 | 良好 |
对比例1 | 59.36 | 5.66 | 16 | 一般 |
对比例2 | 58.08 | 9.45 | 17.99 | 较差 |
对比例3 | 76.47 | 10.9 | 17 | 一般 |
由上表可得,实施例1~3之间的数据相差不大,在豚鼠的发病率比对比例的要低一些,在生长情况、毛发质量、肉质蛋白含量要比对比例的要好,说明要达到实施例那样的效果,本发明的步骤成分缺一不可;
实施例1与对比例1作比较,由于实施例1中含有少量环腺苷酸,其具有明显的促增重作用,外源性的环腺苷酸可诱导豚鼠的肌肉增长,改善豚鼠的内分泌状况,增加豚鼠对饲料蛋白质的利用率,改变豚鼠体内能量的分配,增加豚鼠体内脂肪消耗率,并促进蛋白质在体内的沉积;
实施例1与对比例2作比较,毛发情况相差较大,由于豚鼠自身不能合成维生素C,实施例1中的沙棘果压榨汁中富含维生素C、维生素E、胡萝卜素等,对豚鼠生长发育有益的生物活性物质,促进了对钙、镁、磷、硒等有益元素的吸收,并可降低豚鼠机体及红细胞膜的脂质过氧化反应等,减少豚鼠严重的脱毛和相互吃毛现象;
实施例1与对比例3作比较,在豚鼠生病率方面有所差别,由于实施例1中将小青龙汤和无花果提取物加入保健添加剂中,提供了提高豚鼠抗病能力的中草药剂,并具有抗菌消炎的成分,有效降低豚鼠常见的链球菌病、哮喘病、巨细胞病毒病、沙门菌病和体外寄生虫病等的发病率。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)育雏期:5-30日龄,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂16-18%、营养添加剂4-6%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共8-12g;
(2)生长期:30日龄-性成熟,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂8-10%、营养添加剂24-28%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共20-30g;
(3)成年期:性成熟以后,将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂6-8%、营养添加剂16-20%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共35-40g;
(4)妊娠期:将基础加硒日粮配合保健添加剂10-12%、营养添加剂16-20%混合饲喂,每天喂3次,共35-40g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述基础加硒日粮:环腺苷酸0.01-0.03份、统糠45-50份、提摩西草32-40份、赤地利10-15份、玉米粉33-37份、花生粉22-28份、栗子粉4-6份、红薯叶20-22份、食盐1.2-1.4份、蛋氨酸硒1-3份、食盐1-1.4份、胱氨酸硒1-3份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述统糠的制备:称取统糠加入10倍量蒸馏水中,经20000r/min分散处理1min,分装至三角瓶中,高压蒸汽灭菌,在经PDA培养活化后的菌种中,分别挑取菌丝体,接种到已灭菌的统糠液体培养基中,以160r/min,28℃培养8d,然后冷冻干燥,粉碎过40目筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述保健添加剂:次氯酸钠0.01-0.03份、小青龙汤1.5-2.5份、无花果提取物4-6份、菘菜33-37份、腹水草2-4份、猪毛菜30-35份、金樱子30-35份、茴香8-13份、陈皮44-48份、茯苓8-13份、鹅脚板22-27份、薄荷4-8份、牡丹皮35-40份、金荞麦28-32份、鸡血藤13-19份、茵陈3-4份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述小青龙汤由10-15份麻黄、10-15份芍药、3-6份细辛、10-15份干姜、10-15份甘草炙、10-15份桂枝、3-6份五味子、10-15份半夏熬制而成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述无花果提取物:取无花果粉末,按料液比1:49加入蒸馏水,在90℃下提取21min,提取2次后合并提取液,抽滤取上清液,浓缩后加入无水乙醇至乙醇浓度为80%,于4℃下静置12h,经5000r/min离心,取沉淀物干燥。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善豚鼠肉质的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述营养添加剂:沙棘果压榨汁4-6份、对叶豆8-15份、杏仁2-3份、鼠尾粟10-20份、黄豆粉20-22份、花生粉18-20份、鱼粉10-12份;所述沙棘果压榨汁是取新鲜沙棘果于压榨机中压榨成果汁,在60℃下进行3倍浓缩而成。
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