CN107739207A - 一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconocene dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zr+4].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,制备过程是以六甲基二硅氮烷、三氯化硼和三氯硅烷为原料,通过缩聚反应得到淡黄色液体,然后加入三甲基胺‑氢化铝和二氯二茂锆得到黄色前驱体,最后热压烧结得到非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料。本发明的方法简单,条件温和,成本低;制备得到的非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料组织结构均匀且化学纯度高,具有优异的耐高温性能和抗氧化性能,可以通过调控非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料中Zr、Al含量,来进一步调控其综合性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料领域,特别涉及一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
硅硼碳氮(SiBCN)陶瓷具有良好的耐高温、抗腐蚀、抗氧化性能和力学性能,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,在温度超过1500℃的氧化气氛下,SiBCN陶瓷材料中非晶态的氧化层会结晶,氧化时形成B2O3可能会挥发而流失大量的B元素,进一步降低材料的耐高温性能和抗氧化性能。为提高SiBCN陶瓷材料的抗氧化性能,一般是在SiBCN多相陶瓷体系中引入Zr、Al等金属元素,形成ZrB、ZrC等耐高温相,从而减少易被氧化的B元素和C元素的氧化,形成Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2玻璃态物质填充陶瓷内部的孔隙和裂缝以阻止B元素的挥发和进一步的被氧化。
目前制备SiBCN-Al,SiBCN-Zr陶瓷主要是采用机械合金化-压力烧结法。如中国专利CN102173805A(公开日期为2011年9月7日)公开了一种SiBCN-Al粉体的制备方法,该方法在手套箱中称取立方硅粉、六方氮化硼、石墨、氮化铝粉,按摩尔比为1:0.5:1.5:0.3混合后加入到氮化硅球磨罐中,氮化硅球磨罐密封后从手套箱中取出,安装到行星式球磨机上进行球磨10-100h,再将氮化硅球磨罐置于手套箱中进行取粉,取出即为SiBCN-Al粉体,通过热压工艺即可得到SiBCN-Al陶瓷材料。中国专利CN103588483A(公开日期为2014年2月19日)公开了一种SiBCN-Zr陶瓷复合材料的制备方法,该方法在手套箱中称取粒径为1μm-20μm的立方硅粉、石墨粉、六方氮化硼、锆粉和粒径为1μm-100μm的硼粉,按摩尔比为2:3:1:0.5:1混合后加入到氮化硅球磨罐中,球料比为(10-100):1,在氩气的保护下进行球磨1-50h,得到非晶态复合粉末,将得到的非晶态复合粉末进行热压烧结得到,得到SiBCN-Zr陶瓷复合材料。机械合金化法虽然工艺简单、成本低,但所得到的陶瓷材料化学组成不均匀,材料的可设计性和可加工性能较低,材料的综合性能仍然需要进一步提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,该方法简单,条件温和,成本低,制备得到的非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料具有优异的耐高温性和抗氧化性。
本发明的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将六甲基二硅氮烷溶于溶剂中形成六甲基二硅氮烷溶液,将三氯化硼和三氯硅烷溶于溶剂中形成混合溶液,将混合溶液加入到六甲基二硅氮烷溶液中,搅拌反应,得到淡黄色液体,其中六甲基二硅氮烷溶液的浓度为1-4mol/L,三氯化硼、三氯硅烷和六甲基二硅氮烷的摩尔比为(1-1.25):(1-2):(6-12);
(2)将二氯二茂锆和三甲基胺-氢化铝溶液加入到步骤(1)中的淡黄色液体中反应,得到黄色前驱体,其中三甲基胺-氢化铝、二氯二茂锆和步骤(1)中六甲基二硅氮烷的摩尔比为(1-4):(1-2):12;
(3)将步骤(2)中的黄色前驱体放入模具中,热压烧结,卸压降温,得到非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料。
所述步骤(1)中溶剂为正己烷;将混合溶液加入到六甲基二硅氮烷溶液中是在-15℃条件下进行的。
所述步骤(1)中混合溶液中三氯化硼的浓度为0.8-2mol/L。
所述步骤(1)中搅拌反应的具体步骤为:在室温条件下搅拌8-16h,在温度为120-150℃条件下搅拌3-4h,降温至室温。
所述步骤(2)中三甲基胺-氢化铝溶液为三甲基胺-氢化铝甲苯溶液,三甲基胺-氢化铝溶液的浓度为0.5-1.5mol/L。
所述步骤(2)中反应的具体步骤为:升温至160-190℃条件下反应4-6h,再升温至220-250℃条件下反应4-8h,升温速度均为3-5℃/min。
所述步骤(3)中热压烧结的工艺参数为:反应压力为15-30Mpa,反应温度为1200-1400℃,反应时间为4-8h,升温速度为2-5℃/min。
所述步骤(3)中非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料组织结构均匀,化学纯度高。
所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)均在氮气环境下进行。
本发明的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,该方法以六甲基二硅氮烷、三氯化硼和三氯硅烷为原料,通过缩聚反应得到为淡黄色液体的硅硼氮烷低聚物,然后加入三甲基胺-氢化铝和二氯二茂锆,得到含有铝元素和锆元素的聚硅硼氮烷前驱体,最后在氮气气氛下热压烧结聚硅硼氮烷前驱体得到非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料;可以通过调节三甲基胺-氢化铝和二氯二茂锆的加入比例,来调控非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料中Zr、Al含量。
有益效果
(1)本发明的方法简单,条件温和,成本低;
(2)制备得到的非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料组织结构均匀且化学纯度高,具有优异的耐高温性能和抗氧化性能,可以通过调控非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料中Zr、Al含量,来进一步调控其综合性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)在氮气环境下,将96.6g六甲基二硅氮烷溶于0.3L正己烷中形成六甲基二硅氮烷溶液,加入到带有恒压分液漏斗的三口烧瓶中,置于-15℃的无水乙醇反应浴中,将11.7g三氯化硼和13.5g三氯硅烷溶于0.1L正己烷中形成混合溶液,将混合溶液加入到恒压分液漏斗中,在搅拌六甲基二硅氮烷溶液同时缓慢滴加三氯化硼和三氯硅烷的混合溶液,滴加完毕后将反应液温度升高至室温,搅拌12h,将三口烧瓶放入油浴锅中,加热三口烧瓶,在130℃温度下搅拌3h,降温至室温,得到淡黄色液体。
(2)在氮气环境下,将14.6g二氯二茂锆和含有17.8g三甲基胺-氢化铝的甲苯溶液加入到步骤(1)中的淡黄色液体中,调节油浴锅温度,使三口烧瓶以4℃/min的速度升温到180℃,反应5h,再以3℃/min的速度升温到220℃,反应6h,得到黄色前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)中的黄色前驱体放入模具中,在氮气环境下和20MPa的压力下,以3℃/min的升温速率,升温到1200℃,对前驱体固体进行热压烧结并保温6小时,随后卸下压力降温至室温,打开模具得到所需形状的非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料。该硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料中Zr元素和Al元素的含量比为1:4,其能在1900℃保持非晶状态,1700℃下不被氧化。
实施例2
(1)在氮气环境下,将193.2g六甲基二硅氮烷溶于0.6L正己烷中形成六甲基二硅氮烷溶液,加入到带有恒压分液漏斗的三口烧瓶中,置于-15℃的的无水乙醇反应浴中,将23.4g三氯化硼和27g三氯硅烷溶于0.2L正己烷中形成混合溶液,将混合溶液加入到恒压分液漏斗中,在搅拌六甲基二硅氮烷溶液同时缓慢滴加三氯化硼和三氯硅烷的混合溶液,滴加完毕后将反应液温度升高至室温,搅拌16h,将三口烧瓶放入油浴锅中,加热三口烧瓶,在130℃温度下搅拌3h,降温至室温,得到淡黄色液体。
(2)在氮气环境下,将29.2g二氯二茂锆和含有35.6g三甲基胺-氢化铝的甲苯溶液加入到步骤(1)中的淡黄色液体中,调节油浴锅温度,使三口烧瓶以5℃/min的速度升温到160℃,反应6h,再以4℃/min的速度升温到240℃,反应8h,得到黄色前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)中的黄色前驱体放入模具中,在氮气环境下和30MPa的压力下,以5℃/min的升温速率,升温到1400℃,对前驱体固体进行热压烧结并保温4h,随后卸下压力降温至室温,打开模具得到所需形状的非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料。该硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料中Zr元素和Al元素的含量比为3:4,其能在1950℃保持非晶状态,1730℃下不被氧化。
Claims (9)
1.一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将六甲基二硅氮烷溶于溶剂中形成六甲基二硅氮烷溶液,将三氯化硼和三氯硅烷溶于溶剂中形成混合溶液,将混合溶液加入到六甲基二硅氮烷溶液中,搅拌反应,得到淡黄色液体,其中六甲基二硅氮烷溶液的浓度为1-4mol/L,三氯化硼、三氯硅烷和六甲基二硅氮烷的摩尔比为(1-1.25):(1-2):(6-12);
(2)将二氯二茂锆和三甲基胺-氢化铝溶液加入到步骤(1)中的淡黄色液体中反应,得到黄色前驱体,其中三甲基胺-氢化铝、二氯二茂锆和步骤(1)中六甲基二硅氮烷的摩尔比为(1-4):(1-2):12;
(3)将步骤(2)中的黄色前驱体放入模具中,热压烧结,卸压降温,得到非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中溶剂为正己烷;将混合溶液加入到六甲基二硅氮烷溶液中是在-15℃条件下进行的。
3.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中混合溶液中三氯化硼的浓度为0.8-2mol/L。
4.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中搅拌反应的具体步骤为:在室温条件下搅拌8-16h,在温度为120-150℃条件下搅拌3-4h,降温至室温。
5.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中三甲基胺-氢化铝溶液为三甲基胺-氢化铝甲苯溶液,三甲基胺-氢化铝溶液的浓度为0.5-1.5mol/L。
6.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中反应的具体步骤为:升温至160-190℃条件下反应4-6h,再升温至220-250℃条件下反应4-8h,升温速度均为3-5℃/min。
7.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中热压烧结的工艺参数为:反应压力为15-30Mpa,反应温度为1200-1400℃,反应时间为4-8h,升温速度为2-5℃/min。
8.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料组织结构均匀。
9.按照权利要求1所述的一种非晶硅硼碳氮锆铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)均在氮气环境下进行。
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