CN107729285A - A kind of washing salinity by irrigation method of calculating flux for saline-alkali water pond culture - Google Patents
A kind of washing salinity by irrigation method of calculating flux for saline-alkali water pond culture Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 8
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000241838 Lycium barbarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015468 Lycium chinense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种用于盐碱水池塘养殖的灌水洗盐流量计算方法，所述的盐碱水池塘养殖，是将土地划分为种植区和用于鱼类养殖的养殖区，种植区的土壤属于盐碱土壤，为改良种植区盐碱土壤而对种植区土壤进行洗盐浸泡而形成的盐碱水，通过蓄水池的中和，将盐碱水用于养殖区内的池塘鱼类养殖，所述灌水洗盐流量计算包括公式：Qa＝Sa×(P/50％‑E)+Sa×Qc×k)×2Qb＝Sb×h×10％×M×N其中，Qa种植区水量，Qb养殖区水量，Qc种植区灌溉量，Sa种植区面积，Sb养殖区面积，P降水量，E蒸发量，k渗透系数，h池塘水深，M换水量，N换水次数。A method for calculating the flow rate of irrigation and washing salt used in saline-alkali pond culture. The saline-alkali pond cultivation is to divide the land into a planting area and a breeding area for fish farming. The soil in the planting area is saline-alkali Soil, in order to improve the saline-alkali soil in the planting area, the saline-alkali water formed by washing and soaking the soil in the planting area is neutralized by the reservoir, and the saline-alkali water is used for fish farming in ponds in the breeding area. Calculation of irrigation and salt flow includes the formula: Qa=Sa×(P/50%-E)+Sa×Qc×k)×2Qb=Sb×h×10%×M×N, among them, the water volume of Qa planting area, Qb breeding area Water volume, Qc planting area irrigation volume, Sa planting area area, Sb breeding area area, P precipitation, E evaporation, k permeability coefficient, h pond water depth, M water change amount, N water change times.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于鱼类养殖技术领域，特别涉及一种用于盐碱水池塘养殖的灌水洗盐流量计算方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of fish farming, and in particular relates to a calculation method for irrigation and washing salt flow for saline-alkali water pond cultivation.
背景技术Background technique
在公开号为CN106719258A的专利文件提到，“盐碱水是有别于海水、淡水的第三种水资源。我国的盐碱水资源丰富，总量约6.9亿亩，广泛分布在我国的19个省、市和自治区，且逐年上升趋势。由于盐碱水质的复杂性和多样性，人畜无法饮用，且农业无法直接利用，开发利用率不足2％，绝大多数处于闲置状态。In the patent document with the publication number CN106719258A, it is mentioned that "saline-alkali water is the third water resource different from seawater and fresh water. my country's saline-alkali water resources are abundant, with a total amount of about 690 million mu, widely distributed in 19 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and the trend is increasing year by year. Due to the complexity and diversity of saline-alkali water quality, humans and animals cannot drink it, and agriculture cannot directly use it. The development and utilization rate is less than 2%, and most of them are idle.
发展盐碱水渔业不仅为非常规水资源的开发利用、缓解用水矛盾提供了新思路，而且能够有效解决盐碱地治理改造产生洗盐排碱水的出路问题，对促进我国生态文明建设、解决偏远地区“三农问题”、保障国家粮食安全都具有重要的战略意义”。The development of saline-alkaline fishery not only provides a new idea for the development and utilization of unconventional water resources and alleviates the contradiction of water use, but also can effectively solve the problem of the outlet of salt-washing and alkali-discharging water produced by the transformation of saline-alkali land, which is very important for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in my country and solving remote areas. The "three rural issues" and ensuring national food security are of great strategic significance."
公开号为CN106719258A的专利文件进一步公开了“通过条田+池塘种养结合的方式，改良盐碱土壤，综合利用盐碱水体，实现土壤改良过程中水体的综合利用，提高土地的经济价植，改善生态环境；同时，通过优化的流道设计，使盐碱水与养殖池塘之间形成水流循环，利用盐碱水与酸化的养殖池塘之间形成中和作用，降低养殖池塘的酸性，起到一举两得的效果”。该技术方案：The patent document with the publication number CN106719258A further discloses that "through the combination of paddy fields and ponds, the improvement of saline-alkali soil and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkaline water can realize the comprehensive utilization of water in the process of soil improvement and increase the economic value of land. Improve the ecological environment; at the same time, through the optimized flow channel design, the water flow cycle is formed between the saline-alkali water and the aquaculture pond, and the neutralization effect is formed between the saline-alkali water and the acidified aquaculture pond, reducing the acidity of the aquaculture pond and playing a role The effect of killing two birds with one stone." The technical solution:
“1)通过条田+池塘种养结合的方式，改良盐碱土壤，综合利用盐碱水体，实现土壤改良过程中水体的综合利用，提高土地的经济价植，改善生态环境；"1) Improve saline-alkali soil and comprehensively utilize saline-alkali water body through the combination of strip field + pond planting and breeding, realize the comprehensive utilization of water body in the process of soil improvement, increase the economic value of land, and improve the ecological environment;
2)通过优化的流道设计，使盐碱水与养殖池塘之间形成水流循环，利用盐碱水与酸化的养殖池塘之间形成中和作用，降低养殖池塘的酸性，起到一举两得的效果。2) Through the optimized flow channel design, the water flow circulation is formed between the saline-alkali water and the aquaculture pond, and the neutralization effect is formed between the saline-alkali water and the acidified aquaculture pond to reduce the acidity of the aquaculture pond, which has the effect of killing two birds with one stone.
3)流道设计巧妙，充分洗涤盐碱地，同时实现中和后的盐碱水部分回用，节水、节能、环保。3) The ingenious design of the flow channel can fully wash the saline-alkali soil, and at the same time realize the partial reuse of the neutralized saline-alkali water, saving water, energy and environmental protection.
4)本发明集条田、沟渠和养殖池塘为一体，既种植、又养殖，能够利用条田种植，改良盐碱土壤，利用沟渠收集改良后的盐碱水，利用池塘养殖综合利用盐碱水。本发明的方法不仅改善生态环境，同时提高土地经济价值。将寸草不生的盐碱土地实现种植和养殖综合利用”。4) The present invention integrates strip fields, ditches and breeding ponds, which can be planted and cultivated. It can use strip fields to plant, improve saline-alkali soil, use ditches to collect improved saline-alkali water, and use ponds to comprehensively utilize saline-alkali water. . The method of the invention not only improves the ecological environment, but also increases the economic value of the land. Realize the comprehensive utilization of planting and breeding on the saline-alkali land that is barren of grass.”
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供的一种用于盐碱水池塘养殖的灌水洗盐流量计算方法，用以解决在盐碱水池塘养鱼中，准确计算灌水洗盐流量，估算在这种养殖方式中需要的种植区水量和养殖区水量，并以此指导安排布置养殖区池塘的面积。The invention provides a method for calculating the salt flow rate of irrigation and washing in saline-alkali water ponds, which is used to solve the problem of accurately calculating the flow of irrigation and washing salt in saline-alkaline water pond culture, and estimating the planting required in this breeding method. The amount of water in the area and the water in the breeding area are used to guide the arrangement of the area of the pond in the breeding area.
一种用于盐碱水池塘养殖的灌水洗盐流量计算方法，所述的盐碱水池塘养殖，是将土地划分为种植区和用于鱼类养殖的养殖区，种植区的土壤属于盐碱土壤，为改良种植区盐碱土壤而对种植区土壤进行洗盐浸泡而形成的盐碱水，通过蓄水池的中和，将盐碱水用于养殖区内的池塘鱼类养殖，所述灌水洗盐流量计算包括公式：A method for calculating the flow rate of irrigation and washing salt used in saline-alkali pond culture. The saline-alkali pond cultivation is to divide the land into a planting area and a breeding area for fish farming. The soil in the planting area is saline-alkali Soil, in order to improve the saline-alkali soil in the planting area, the saline-alkali water formed by washing and soaking the soil in the planting area is neutralized by the reservoir, and the saline-alkali water is used for fish farming in ponds in the breeding area. The calculation of irrigation salt flow rate includes the formula:
Qa＝Sa×(P/50％-E)+Sa×Qc×k)×2 (1)Qa=Sa×(P/50%-E)+Sa×Qc×k)×2 (1)
Qb＝Sb×h×10％×M×N (2)Qb=Sb×h×10%×M×N (2)
其中，in,
Qa：种植区水量，Qa: Water volume in the planting area,
Qb:养殖区水量，Qb: water volume in the breeding area,
Qc:种植区灌溉量，Qc: The amount of irrigation in the planting area,
Sa:种植区面积，Sa: planting area,
Sb:养殖区面积，Sb: area of breeding area,
P:降水量，P: precipitation,
E:蒸发量，E: Evaporation,
k:渗透系数，k: permeability coefficient,
h:池塘水深，h: pond water depth,
M：换水量，M: water change volume,
N:换水次数，N: number of water changes,
公式(1)和公式(2)，根据洗盐、浸泡次数估算种植区的条田、抬田农业用水排放量，参考当地历年的蒸水量，估算一个洗盐洗碱周期农业用水排放总量，设置蓄水池的容量，以蓄水池满足10％池塘供水为依据，估算养殖区池塘面积。Equation (1) and formula (2), according to the number of times of salt washing and soaking, estimate the agricultural water discharge of strip fields and raised fields in the planting area, and refer to the local distilled water volume over the years to estimate the total amount of agricultural water discharge in a salt and alkali washing cycle. Set the capacity of the reservoir, and estimate the area of the pond in the breeding area on the basis that the reservoir satisfies 10% of the pond water supply.
根据本发明的计算公式，在我国西北地区的盐碱水池塘养鱼的实践中，尤其对于最常见的硫酸盐盐碱水养殖，由于数据计算准确，有力指导了农业生产，获得了较好的实际效果。According to the calculation formula of the present invention, in the practice of fish culture in saline-alkali water ponds in Northwest my country, especially for the most common sulphate saline-alkali water culture, due to accurate data calculation, agricultural production has been effectively guided, and better results have been obtained. actual effect.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下是根据本发明的公式在我国西北地区的应用示例。The following is an application example of the formula according to the present invention in Northwest my country.
内蒙、宁夏地区的种植区用水情况，由于主要是引黄灌区，主要种植物种为水稻、玉米、食葵、枸杞、葡萄等，降水量在200-500mm不等，主要集中在6-8月占全年的50％，一般布置冬灌和春灌共2次，单次泡田灌溉定额为60cm，对于最常见的2-5g/kg含盐量地区，淋洗渗出水约为40cm，平均渗出水矿化度约4g/L。植物生育期灌溉水视植物品种差异，渗漏0-150cm不等。其中玉米不灌溉；水稻渗漏可达150cm以上，植物生育期渗漏水的矿化度约在1-3g/L。The water consumption in the planting areas in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia is mainly due to the irrigation areas diverted from the Yellow River. The main planting species are rice, corn, sunflower, wolfberry, grapes, etc. The precipitation ranges from 200-500mm, mainly concentrated in June-August. For 50% of the whole year, two times of winter irrigation and spring irrigation are generally arranged, and the quota of single soaking field irrigation is 60cm. The water salinity is about 4g/L. The irrigation water during the plant growth period depends on the difference of the plant species, and the leakage ranges from 0-150cm. Among them, the corn is not irrigated; the rice leakage can reach more than 150cm, and the mineralization of the leakage water during the plant growth period is about 1-3g/L.
适合在盐碱水养殖的耐盐碱品种以南美白对虾，鲫鱼、鲤鱼等为主，其中，虾类养殖池水深0.5-1m，鱼类养殖池水深1.5-2.5m，换水高峰期在6-9月占全年的60％，一般每20天到1个月换一次水，单次换水量占整个池塘的10％，对于最常见的硫酸盐盐碱水养殖区，池塘水体中矿化度约在0.1-0.3g/L。池塘养殖期灌水量为三次加水，每次加水33％。Salt-alkali-resistant varieties suitable for aquaculture in saline-alkaline water are mainly vannamei, crucian carp, carp, etc. Among them, the water depth of shrimp breeding ponds is 0.5-1m, and the water depth of fish breeding ponds is 1.5-2.5m. -September accounts for 60% of the whole year. Generally, the water is changed every 20 days to 1 month. The single water change accounts for 10% of the entire pond. For the most common sulfate saline aquaculture area, mineralization in the pond water The concentration is about 0.1-0.3g/L. During the pond culture period, the amount of irrigation water was added three times, 33% each time.
本发明根据洗盐、浸泡次数估算条田、抬田农业用水排放量，参考当地历年的蒸水量，估算一个洗盐洗碱周期农业用水排放总量，合理布置蓄水池，以蓄水池满足10％池塘供水为依据，估算养殖池塘面积。计算公式包括：The present invention estimates the discharge of agricultural water from strip fields and raised fields according to the times of salt washing and soaking, and estimates the total amount of agricultural water discharge in a cycle of salt washing and alkali washing by referring to the local distilled water volume over the years. 10% of the pond water supply is used as the basis to estimate the area of the breeding pond. The calculation formula includes:
Qa＝Sa×(P/50％-E)+Sa×Qc×k)×2 (1)Qa=Sa×(P/50%-E)+Sa×Qc×k)×2 (1)
Qb＝Sb×h×10％×M×N (2)Qb=Sb×h×10%×M×N (2)
Qa：种植区水量，Qa: Water volume in the planting area,
Qb:养殖区水量，Qb: water volume in the breeding area,
Qc:种植区灌溉量，Qc: The amount of irrigation in the planting area,
Sa:种植区面积，Sa: planting area,
Sb:养殖区面积，Sb: area of breeding area,
P:降水量，P: precipitation,
E:蒸发量，E: Evaporation,
k:渗透系数，k: permeability coefficient,
h:池塘水深，h: pond water depth,
M：换水量，M: water change volume,
N:换水次数。N: Number of water changes.
因此，根据公式(1)和(2)计算，在我国的西北宁夏地区，如果以种植水稻为目标，种植区与养殖区的比例应为5：1～10：1。Therefore, according to formulas (1) and (2), in Northwest Ningxia of China, if the goal is to plant rice, the ratio of planting area to breeding area should be 5:1 to 10:1.
值得说明的是，虽然前述内容已经参考若干具体实施方式描述了本发明创造的精神和原理，但是应该理解，本发明并不限于所公开的具体实施方式，对各方面的划分也不意味着这些方面中的特征不能组合，这种划分仅是为了表述的方便。本发明旨在涵盖所附权利要求的精神和范围内所包括的各种修改和等同布置。It is worth noting that although the foregoing content has described the spirit and principle of the invention with reference to several specific embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed specific embodiments, and the division of various aspects does not mean that these Features within an aspect cannot be combined, this division is for convenience of presentation only. The present invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108935238A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of method in carp-herbage collective species cultivation improvement salt-soda soil |
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| CN108935238A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of method in carp-herbage collective species cultivation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN108935239A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of method in graining-herbage collective species cultivation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN114467807A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-13 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Method for removing salt and reducing alkali in chloride type saline-alkali pond |
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