CN211558494U

CN211558494U - Ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction

Info

Publication number: CN211558494U
Application number: CN201922443445.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈明星; 周新伟
Original assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2019-12-30
Publication date: 2020-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-30

Abstract

The utility model provides an ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction, the pond is located paddy field one side, and the pond leads to the paddy field and is equipped with first water course, and the paddy field leads to the pond and is equipped with second water course, its characterized in that: the ratio of the area of the fishpond to the area of the paddy field is 20:1 to 35: 1. Small ridges are built in the rice field, and form an S-shaped water flow path from a water inlet end to a water outlet end in the rice field. When the water level of the fish pond is lower than that of the rice field, a water suction pump is arranged in the first water channel, and a first gate is arranged in the second water channel; when the water level of the fish pond is higher than that of the rice field, a first gate is arranged in the first water channel, and a water suction pump is arranged in the second water channel. The scheme can fully utilize the function of effectively absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient-rich substances in the growth process of the rice field, can effectively reduce pollutants such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, COD and the like discharged to the environment, and can harvest normal yield under the condition of reducing fertilization.

Description

Ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the comprehensive utilization of agricultural ecological aquaculture, the ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction of concrete aquaculture system and rice system reciprocal, coupling.

Background

The fresh water pond culture in China is rapidly developed, and the position of the fresh water pond culture in fresh water aquiculture is increasingly important. According to statistics, the culture area of the fresh water pond in China in 2010 reaches 237.7 kilohm²The fresh water aquaculture area is 43 percent, the output of pond aquaculture aquatic products reaches 1647 ten thousand tons, and the total output of the fresh water aquaculture is 70 percent. In order to improve the yield of aquatic products, the fresh water culture in China generally adopts a high-density intensive culture mode at present, and the problems of excessive stocking, excessive bait and the like exist, so that the eutrophication of the water bodies of the culture pond is very serious. Meanwhile, the eutrophication degree of the surrounding water body is also aggravated by the discharge of the culture wastewater, and the non-point source pollution is serious. Therefore, the problem of water environment pollution in pond culture has become a main limiting factor in the development of current freshwater culture. Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, a great deal of research is successively carried out on the restoration of freshwater aquaculture water body environment in various countries, and corresponding countermeasure measures are proposed, and the technical modes of physical restoration, chemical restoration, biological restoration and the like are mainly provided. Among them, bioremediation techniques such as artificial wetlands have received much attention. However, the artificial wetland needs to construct wetland engineering and occupy a certain area of cultivated land, needs to be maintained all the year round, has no economic benefit, and needs a local government to spend a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources to maintain operation.

The rice field ecosystem is an important constructed wetland in China, not only bears important grain production functions, but also has unique function in purifying water quality. The paddy field wetland has a food chain system for biologically absorbing and decomposing pollutants, a physical self-purification process for precipitating and adsorbing the pollutants, and chemical purification functions for oxidation-reduction decomposition and pollutant fixation, and can remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body and pollutants such as heavy metals through ways of absorption of paddy, adsorption of paddy soil, degradation of soil microorganisms and the like.

The Chinese patent CN103437577A discloses an invention patent application named as 'a rice field and fishpond planting and breeding composite system' on 12 and 11 months in 2013. This application makes up paddy field pond fish culture composite system with paddy field, pond, simple and easy ecological irrigation canals and ditches, intensive ecological irrigation canals and ditches and pond, and wherein, the one end in pond is equipped with the paddy field, and one side in pond and paddy field is equipped with intensive ecological irrigation canals and ditches and catchment basin, is equipped with simple and easy ecological irrigation canals and ditches in the paddy field, is equipped with little gap on the simple and easy ecological irrigation canals and ditches, and the paddy field is through big gap and catchment basin intercommunication, and the pond passes through suction pump. According to the technical scheme, the paddy field planting and the fish pond culture are organically combined through the ecological ditch, so that a novel circulating water seed culture mode that a fish pond culture water body is purified through the paddy field and the ecological ditch and then flows back to the fish pond is realized. However, in practical application, the system is complex, the use and maintenance cost is high, and the large-area popularization and application in the field of agricultural ecological aquaculture are difficult.

In view of this, how to design a simple and easy interactive ecological complex cultivation system for fishing and rice with low use and maintenance costs is the subject of the present invention.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides an ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction, its purpose is to solve current fishing rice interaction compound cultivation system complicacy, uses and the high problem of maintenance cost.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides an ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction, includes pond and paddy field, and the pond is located paddy field one side, and the pond leads to the paddy field and is equipped with first water course, and the paddy field leads to the pond and is equipped with the second water course, and its innovation lies in:

the ratio of the area of the fishpond to the area of the paddy field is 20:1 to 35: 1.

Small ridges are built in the rice field, the top surfaces of the small ridges are higher than the water surface of the rice field, the small ridges are arranged in the rice field in parallel at intervals and form a small ridge queue which plays a role of enclosure in turn, wherein, one side of the rice field is used as a water inlet end, the other side of the rice field is used as a water outlet end for defining, the first small ridge is provided with an opening end at one end of the rice field from one side of the rice field, a closed end is arranged at the other end of the rice field, a second small ridge is arranged at one end of the rice field and is provided with an open end, a third small ridge is arranged at one end of the rice field and is provided with an open end, the other end of the rice field is provided with a closed end, the rest is done in the same way until the last small ridge is reached, the water inlet end of the rice field is positioned at the closed end of the first small ridge, the water outlet end of the rice field is positioned at the closed end of the last small ridge, thus, the water areas of all the small ridge enclosures are connected in series to form an S-shaped water flow path from the water inlet end to the water outlet end in the rice field.

And when the water level of the fish pond is lower than that of the rice field, a water suction pump is arranged in the first water channel, and a first gate is arranged in the second water channel. When the water level of the fish pond is higher than that of the rice field, a first gate is arranged in the first water channel, and a water suction pump is arranged in the second water channel.

The relevant content in the above technical solution is explained as follows:

1. in the scheme, the fishpond can be formed by connecting at least two small fishponds in series. The paddy field can also be formed by connecting at least two small paddy fields in series. The concatenation of these small ponds or fields can be equivalent to one large whole pond or field. The utility model discloses in, "little" in little pond or the little paddy field can not simple think be the small in area, its essence is that a plurality of ponds establish ties into a big pond or big paddy field that the area adds up through the mode of intercommunication.

2. In the above scheme, the first water channel and the second water channel can be designed into ecological ditches.

3. In the above scheme, when the water level of the fish pond is lower than the water level of the rice field, a water inlet and outlet channel is led out from the second water channel, and a second gate is arranged in the water inlet and outlet channel.

4. In the scheme, the oxygen increasing ditch is arranged beside the small ridge, and the bottom of the oxygen increasing ditch is lower than the ground level of the rice field. The method has the effects of increasing the contact area of the culture tail water and the rice roots and increasing the dissolved oxygen of the tail water by utilizing the rice roots, thereby being beneficial to removing COD and increasing the oxygen supply amount of the fishpond water.

5. In the above scheme, the fish pond water level is lower than the rice field water level, the fall between the rice field water level and the fish pond water level can be utilized, and an inclined or vertical fall plane is designed in the second water channel. The effect of the method is to effectively increase the dissolved oxygen of the clean tail water treated by the rice field.

6. In the scheme, the ultraviolet disinfection lamp is arranged above the fall plane. The bactericidal composition has the function of effectively killing bacteria and viruses such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, aspergillus niger, mucor and the like.

The utility model discloses according to the theory of fishing rice interaction, dispose corresponding paddy field clean area according to certain area proportion in aquaculture area, constitute one and have production concurrently, ecological complex cultivation system of ecological function, the paddy field is not only as the rice production unit in this ecological complex cultivation system, the quality of water purification unit that nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus were recycled is regarded as again simultaneously, the pond is the breed production unit of fish, realize the purpose that grain crop and aquatic products increase both production and income and material cyclic utilization jointly through this system, protect ecological environment simultaneously. The ecological planting and breeding composite breeding system organically combines rice field planting and fishpond breeding through ecological ditches, breeding tail water can flow back to a fishpond after being purified by the rice field and can also be discharged outside the fishpond, the rice field and fishpond planting and breeding composite breeding system can fully utilize the function of effectively absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient-rich substances in the growth process of the rice field, and can also effectively reduce Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and ammoniacal nitrogen NH (NH) discharged to the environment₄ ⁺N (mg/L), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3)^-) COD and the like, and meanwhile, the rice can be harvested with normal yield under the condition of reducing fertilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a small ridge in a rice field according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the design trend of S-shaped water flow of the tail water purification of the utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the design trend of a conventional linear water flow for purifying tail water;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the small ridge and the aeration mechanism of the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first scheme of a second water channel leading to a fishpond in a rice field according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second water channel leading to a fish pond in the rice field according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a second water channel leading from a rice field to a fish pond according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of a second water channel leading from a rice field to a fish pond according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of the purification effect of the TN water body in the tillering stage of rice when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the utility model;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the TP purification effect of the water body in the tillering stage of rice when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the utility model;

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the COD purification effect of the water body at the tillering stage of rice when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the utility model;

FIG. 13 is a diagram of the purification effect of TN water body in the rice grouting period when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the utility model;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the purification effect of the water TP in the grouting stage of the rice when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the COD purification effect of the water body in the rice grouting stage when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the utility model;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the effect of ammonia nitrogen purification in the water body during the rice grouting period when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a diagram of the nitrate nitrogen purification effect of the water body in the rice grouting stage when the S-shaped water flow design is adopted.

In the above drawings: 1. a fish pond; 2. a rice field; 3. a first water channel; 4. a water pump; 5. small ridges; 6. a second water channel; 7. a first gate; 8. a second gate; 9. a water inlet end; 10. a water outlet end; 11. an open end; 12. a closed end; 13. a water inlet and outlet channel; 14. aerating a ditch; 15. a drop plane; 16. an ultraviolet red disinfection lamp; 17. a horizontal plane; A1-A5. the utility model has a rice field water taking point of 1-5; B1-B5. controls rice field water taking points 1-5.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples:

example (b): ecological compound cultivation system of fishing rice interaction

As shown in fig. 1-2, the ecological composite rearing system includes a fish pond 1 and a paddy field 2, the fish pond 1 is located on one side of the paddy field 2, the fish pond 1 is provided with a first waterway 3 leading to the paddy field 2, and the paddy field 2 is provided with a second waterway 6 leading to the fish pond 1 (see fig. 1).

The ratio of the area of the fishpond 1 to the area of the paddy field 2 is 20: 1-35: 1.

Small ridges 5 (shown in figure 1) are built in the rice field 2, and the top surface of each small ridge 5 is higher than the water surface of the rice field 2. In this embodiment, the small ridge 5 is a small muddy ridge 5 (see fig. 2) having a height of 12-20cm and a width of 15-30 cm. The small ridges 5 are arranged in parallel in a linear manner in the rice field 2 at intervals in parallel and form a line of small ridges 5 in turn, which serve as barriers, wherein one side of the rice field 2 is defined as a water inlet end 9 and the other side as a water outlet end 10 (see fig. 1), the first small ridge 5 is provided with an open end 11 at one end of the rice field 2 and a closed end 12 at the other end of the rice field 2 (see fig. 1), the second small ridge 5 is provided with a closed end 12 at one end of the rice field 2 and an open end 11 at the other end of the rice field 2, the third small ridge 5 is provided with an open end 11 at one end of the rice field 2 and a closed end 12 at the other end of the rice field 2, and so on until the last small ridge 5, the water inlet end 9 of the rice field 2 is located at the closed end 12 of the first small ridge 5, the water outlet end 10 of the rice field 2 is located at the closed end 12 of the last small ridge 5, thus, the water areas enclosed by all the small ridges 5 are connected in series to form an S-shaped water flow path from the water inlet end 9 to the water outlet end 10 in the rice field 2.

The water inlet end 9 of the rice field 2 is communicated with the first water channel 3, and the water outlet end 10 of the rice field 2 is communicated with the second water channel 6. In the present embodiment, the water level in the fish pond 1 is lower than the water level in the rice field 2, the suction pump 4 is provided in the first waterway 3, and the first gate 7 is provided in the second waterway 6. Both the first water channel 3 and the second water channel 6 can be designed as ecological channels. In order to control the total water quantity in the fish pond 1 and the rice field 2, a water inlet and outlet channel 13 can be led out of the second water channel 6, and a second gate 8 (see fig. 1) can be arranged in the water inlet and outlet channel 13. The first gate 7 and the second gate 8 are selectively used, when the fishpond 1 needs to reuse the purified tail water, the first gate 7 is opened to inject the tail water into the fishpond, and the second gate 8 is closed. When the purified tail water needs to be injected into the external environment, the second gate 8 is opened, and the first gate 7 leading to the fishpond is closed.

In order to increase the contact area between the tail water of the cultivation and the rice roots, an oxygen-increasing ditch 14 can be arranged beside the small ridge 5, and the bottom of the oxygen-increasing ditch 14 is lower than the ground level of the rice field 2 (see figure 5). The small ridge 5 of the rice field 2 can be added manually, or the original ridge of the rice field 2 can be utilized, and a groove with the depth of 20-30cm and the width of 20-50cm is arranged at the position close to the small ridge 5 along the direction of the small ridge 5 to be used as an oxygen increasing ditch 14. The method has the effects of increasing the contact area of the culture tail water and the rice roots and increasing the dissolved oxygen of the tail water by utilizing the rice roots, thereby being beneficial to removing COD and increasing the oxygen supply amount of the fishpond water.

When the water level of the fish pond 1 is lower than the water level of the rice field 2, in order to increase the dissolved oxygen amount of the clean tail water treated by the rice field 2, the water level of the rice field 2 and the water level of the fish pond 1 are in a fall, and an inclined or vertical fall plane 15 (see fig. 6-9) is designed in the second water channel 6. Namely, in the second water channel 6 leading to the fishpond 1 in the paddy field 2, a drop design is adopted. At the moment, the bottom of the water channel is completely horizontal, the width is 30-100cm, and the fall is formed between the bottom of the water channel and the horizontal plane of the fish pond, so that the dissolved oxygen of the clean tail water treated by the rice field can be effectively increased.

With no drop as a control, the case of the test with the drop treatment on 29 days 7 and 2018 is: the culture tail water flows out in S-shaped direction in the rice field after being injected into one end of the rice field, the test is carried out under the condition of relatively stable tail water quality (4-5 types of water quality), and the hydraulic load is 7.50 m³And h, controlling the hydraulic load by a water pump at the water inlet. Water was taken repeatedly from the water outlet end 10, and samples were taken after 12 hours of continuous tail water drainage. The water flowing out of the paddy field (the tail water after purification treatment of the paddy field) was measured 10 times, and the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the water after the water dropping treatment was 4.33mg/L and the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the control (without water dropping) was 3.17mg/L on average.

For disinfection, an ultraviolet disinfection lamp 16 is disposed above the fall plane 15, and when the fall plane 15 is an inclined plane, the ultraviolet disinfection lamp 16 faces the inclined plane (see fig. 8). When the drop plane 15 is a vertical plane, the ultraviolet disinfection lamp 16 faces the vertical plane (see fig. 9). It is also possible to provide a horizontal plane 17 on top of the fall plane 15, and the uv disinfection lamp 16 is opposite to the horizontal plane 17 (see fig. 6 and 7). The ultraviolet sterilizing lamp 16 is disposed at a height of 50-220cm above the irradiation surface. The bactericidal composition has the function of effectively killing bacteria and viruses such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, aspergillus niger, mucor and the like.

The ecological compound cultivation system is coupled with rice moisture management at the drainage peak of a fishpond 1 in the midsummer 7-9 months, namely tail water purification and irrigation are carried out from the tillering initial stage to the grouting stage of rice, during the period, rice fertilization (tillering fertilizer, flower promoting fertilizer and flower promoting fertilizer) is not carried out in the tail water rice field purification within 10 days from the same day, and tail water irrigation is not carried out 15 days before harvesting, so that the effect of each fertilization is ensured.

In order to verify the implementation effect of the present invention, the inventors performed the following comparative experiments and analyses:

two rice fields with the same size are separated between one ridge of each fish pond with 23 mu, the width of each rice field is 12m, the length of each rice field is 45.6m, one rice field is subjected to control treatment, and the water level of each fish pond is 50cm lower than that of each rice field. The traditional mixed culture mode is adopted in the fishpond, namely grass carp culture is mainly adopted, and a small amount of silver carps, spotted silver carps, black carps, breams and the like are cultured. The daily food intake is 3-5% of the weight of the fish, the fish is fed regularly twice, namely 8:00 in the morning and 4:00 in the afternoon, and the daily food intake is properly adjusted according to the weather condition. In the two paddy fields, the culture tail water adopts two water flow directions in the fields respectively through field design. Wherein first block paddy field adopts utility model S type rivers design trend (see figure 3), breeds the tail water and is the S type trend in the paddy field after pouring into first block paddy field one end. The second paddy field (i.e. the comparison) adopts the conventional linear water flow design trend (see figure 4), no small ridge is arranged in the field, the water flow is injected longitudinally from the south end, flows out from the water outlet at the north end after flowing through the field in a linear mode, the test is carried out in the tail water discharge peak period of cultivation, namely 7-9 months, the test is carried out under the condition of relatively stable tail water quality (4-5 types of water quality), 6 different hydraulic loads are adopted, the hydraulic loads are controlled by a water pump at the water inlet, and each flow test is carried out for one day. Water was taken from each water-taking point every day, 3 parts of water were taken at the same time at the specified water-taking point, and the contents were filled in 100ml plastic bottles and immediately measured. The water is taken after tail water is continuously drained for 12 hours.

Transplanting the rice in 6 months and 15 days, adopting mechanized transplanting, wherein the row spacing is 30cm × 13.3.3 13.3 cm., and the fertilizer application amount of pure nitrogen is 135kg/hm in the whole growth period²P, K the fertilizer is 67.5 kg/hm²Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer and a spike fertilizer in a ratio of 2:4:4, and P, K fertilizer is applied by adopting a compound fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mixed with soil for application before ploughing in 14 days at 6 months, the tillering fertilizer is applied in 22 days at 6 months after transplanting, and the spike fertilizer is applied in 31 days at 7 months. In the tillering stage purification test, tail water is discharged to the rice field by using culture tail water from 25 days in 7 months, and 6 different flow treatments are respectively adopted from 25 days in 7 months to 30 days in 7 months, wherein the flow treatment is 0.35m from small to large³/h、1.04m³/h、3.66 m³/h、4.61 m³/h、7.50 m³/h、8.44 m³Per, run for 24 hours at each flow rate, and take water samples at run 12 hours. The grouting period test comprises discharging tail water from breeding tail water to paddy field in 9 month and 12 days, treating with 6 different flow rates from 9 month and 12 days to 17 days, and sequentially treating at 1.83m from small to large³/h、3.82m³/h、5.98m³/h、8.48 m³/h、10.88 m³/h、13.36 m³And h, testing the water taking method in the tillering stage. The experimental design, water flow direction and sampling point of the first paddy field (namely the utility model) are shown in figure 3. The second rice field (i.e., control) test design, water flow direction, and sample point are shown in FIG. 4.

The purification effects of TN, TP and COD of the water body in the tillering stage of the rice are explained as follows:

the purification effect of the tail water of the fish culture in the tillering stage of the rice and the concentration of Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) are changed along the way, the quality of the inlet water is TN mass concentration of 1.36 +/-0.14 mg/L, 6 different flow treatments are set, and the flow treatment is 0.35m from small to large³/h、1.04m³/h、3.66 m³/h、4.61 m³/h、7.50 m³/h、8.44 m³The final TN mass concentration at the water outlet is 1.12 mg/L, 1.04 mg/L and 1.22 mg/L by adopting S-shaped water flow design, and the water outlet is compared with the inletThe water quality is reduced by 9.57%, 8.45%, 19%, 22.0%, 24.2% (see figure 5). Compared with the inlet water quality, the water quality of the comparison field is reduced by 4.48%, 16.60%, 31.75%, 17.60%, 6.22% and 23.64%, and the total TN purification effect S-type water flow design is superior to that of the comparison field.

The quality TP of the inlet water is 0.049 +/-0.007 mg/L, the quality TP of the final outlet water is designed to be 0.056 mg/L, 0.045mg/L, 0.052mg/L, 0.040 mg/L, 0.032 mg/L and 0.045mg/L by adopting S-shaped water flow, and the quality TP is reduced by 29.7 percent, 30.6 percent, 20.5 percent, 27.7 percent, 25.2 percent and 38.6 percent compared with the inlet water (see figure 6). Compared with the inlet water quality of the control field, the water quality of the control field is reduced by 25.14%, 26.32%, 3.13%, 6.33%, 15.38% and 9.95%, and the total TP purification effect S-shaped water flow design is superior to that of the control field.

The COD mass concentration of the inlet water is 30.1 +/-1.84 mg/L, and the COD mass concentration of the final outlet is 15.0 mg/L, 20.1 mg/L, 15.7 mg/L, 26.3 mg/L and 24.1 mg/L by adopting S-shaped water flow design, which is 13.8 percent, 24.9 percent, 23.8 percent, 21.7 percent, 24.6 percent and 23.0 percent lower than the inlet water quality (see figure 7). CK is reduced by 6.71%, 11.1%, 17.6%, 9.8%, 20.7% and 26.6% compared with inlet water quality, and the total COD purification effect S-shaped water flow design is superior to that of a control field.

The purification effects of TN, TP, COD, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the water body during the rice grouting period are explained as follows:

the purification effect of the artificial wetland on the surface flow of the paddy field in the paddy rice grouting period on the fishtail water and the change measurement and analysis of the Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) concentrations along the process are carried out, the water quality of the inlet water is TN mass concentration of 1.25 +/-0.080 mg/L, 6 different flow treatments are set, and the treatment is carried out from small to large in sequence to 1.83m³/h、3.82 m³/h、5.98 m³/h、8.48 m³/h、10.88 m³/h、13.36 m³And/h, the final water outlet TN designed by adopting the S-shaped water flow is reduced by 41.2 percent, 30.3 percent, 26.2 percent, 13.1 percent, 12.0 percent and 20.2 percent compared with the water quality of the inlet (see figure 8). CK is reduced by 5.37%, 16.38%, 18.63%, 0.58%, 4.11% and-0.69% compared with inlet water quality, and the total TN purification effect S-type water flow design is superior to that of a control field.

The quality concentration of the TP of the inlet water is 0.047 +/-0.020 mg/L, and the quality concentration of the TP of the final outlet is reduced by 77.78%, 69.30%, 87.37%, -3.31%, 6.30%, -13.45% compared with the quality of the inlet water by adopting the S-shaped water flow design (see figure 9). CK is reduced by 59.03%, 10.53%, 30.53%, 25.83%, -3.9%, -7.56% compared with inlet water quality, and the total TP purification effect S-shaped water flow design is superior to that of the control field.

The COD mass concentration of the inlet water quality is 30.1 +/-0.120 mg/L, the final water outlet is averagely 18.8 mg/L by adopting S-shaped water flow design, each flow is averagely reduced by 32.9 percent (see figure 10), each flow of a control field is averagely reduced by 31.5 percent, the inferior 5 type water can be reduced to 4 type water by adopting S-shaped water flow design, the 4 type water quality is reduced to 3 type water quality, and the S-shaped water flow design is superior to the control field. The average water inlet ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+ -N) is 0.26 mg/L by adopting S-shaped water flow design, the flow rate after treatment is averagely reduced by 40.9 percent (see figure 11), and the flow rate of a control field is averagely reduced by 14.4 percent. The S-shaped water flow design is superior to that of the control field. The S-type water flow is adopted to design the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) at the water inlet to be 0.253 mg/L on average, the flow rate after treatment is reduced by 12.5 percent on average (see figure 12), the flow rate of a control field is reduced by 5.17 percent on average, and the S-type water flow design is superior to that of the control field.

The result shows that the S-shaped water flow design is adopted in the paddy field to treat the fishpond culture tail water, and TN and COD of the culture tail water can be reduced by one category in the tillering stage and the grouting stage, namely TN four-category standard purification is changed into three categories. By integrating the average values of different flow rates, the removal rates TN and TP of the tail water of the fish culture in the rice tillering stage reach 17.5 percent and 28.9 percent respectively; the removal rates of TN, TP and COD of the fish culture tail water in the rice filling period reach 23.8 percent, 37.3 percent and 31.5 percent respectively, and the purification effect is superior to that of the conventional rice field linear type water flow design.

The yield measurement of the rice harvested in the two test fields shows that the yield of the S-shaped waterflow rice field is 603.6 Kg/mu, the yield of the control field is 579.1 Kg/mu, and the yield of the S-shaped waterflow rice field is increased by 4.06 percent compared with the control. According to different flow rates of the test, the culture tail water TN 439.7-1489.8g/hm can be removed every day²TN 44.0-149.0 Kg/hm of tail water for purifying and absorbing discharged aquaculture calculated according to the effective treatment time of 100 days in the rice growth period²。

TABLE 1 Rice yield and yield Structure for different design fields

Piece of field	Total granules per ear	Each ear of grain	Thousand grain weight/g	Fruit set/percent	Spike per mu/ten thousand	Yield Kg/mu
							S-shaped water flow rice field	172.77	137.81	23.29	79.95	17.93	603.60
Contrast field block	161.17	130.59	23.79	81.11	17.76	579.10

The utility model discloses a paddy field, compound cultivation system is planted in pond, according to the theory of circular economy, tightly around china's development resource saving type, the great scientific and technological demand of environment-friendly modern agriculture and agricultural energy saving and emission reduction, with cyclic agriculture system "4R" technical system, right amount ization technique promptly, recycle techniques and controllable technique are the breakthrough point, improve the material circulation efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency of fishing-farming circulation system, the effective control dangerous resource material discharges, furthest alleviates agricultural environmental pollution, reached the purpose that improves pond quality of water and increase aquaculture output, paddy field output is equivalent with conventional production, relatively independent kind of cultivation unit does benefit to rice mechanized operation and high density and breeds the fish, economic benefits has effectively been realized, the unity of ecological benefits and social.

Other embodiments and structural changes of the present invention are described below as follows:

1. in the above embodiment, there is one fish pond 1. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the fish pond 1 may be formed by connecting at least two small fish ponds in series. Paddy field 2 can also be formed by at least two rice paddies connected in series. The concatenation of these small ponds or fields can be equivalent to one large whole pond or field. The utility model discloses in, "little" in little pond or the little paddy field can not simple think be the small in area, its essence is that a plurality of ponds establish ties into a big pond or big paddy field that the area adds up through the mode of intercommunication. As would be readily understood and accepted by those skilled in the art.

2. In the above embodiment, the small ridges 5 are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the rice field 2 in a linear manner. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the small ridges 5 may be formed by a combination of curved lines or broken lines arranged in parallel at intervals, or even curved lines and straight lines. Because the utility model discloses the purpose that sets up little ridge 5 in paddy field 2 is in order to form the design of S type rivers, so do not confine to the little ridge 5 of linear type. As would be readily understood and accepted by those skilled in the art.

3. In the above embodiment, it is assumed that the water level of the fish pond 1 is lower than the water level of the paddy field 2, and therefore the suction pump 4 is provided in the first waterway 3 and the first gate 7 is provided in the second waterway 6. If the water level in the fish pond 1 is higher than the water level in the paddy field 2, a first gate 7 should be provided in the first waterway 3 and a suction pump 4 should be provided in the second waterway 6. As would be readily understood and accepted by those skilled in the art.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable people skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention, which cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an ecological compound farming systems of fishing rice interaction, includes pond (1) and paddy field (2), and pond (1) is located paddy field (2) one side, and pond (1) leads to paddy field (2) and is equipped with first water course (3), and paddy field (2) lead to pond (1) and are equipped with second water course (6), its characterized in that:

the ratio of the area of the fishpond (1) to the area of the paddy field (2) is 20:1 to 35: 1;

small ridges (5) are built in the rice field (2), the top surfaces of the small ridges (5) are higher than the water surface of the rice field (2), the small ridges (5) are arranged in the rice field (2) in parallel at intervals and sequentially form a small ridge (5) queue which plays a role of enclosure, wherein one side of the rice field (2) is used as a water inlet end (9), the other side of the rice field is used as a water outlet end (10) to define, from one side of the rice field (2), the first small ridge (5) is provided with an open end (11) at one end of the rice field (2), the other end of the rice field (2) is provided with a closed end (12), the second small ridge (5) is provided with a closed end (12) at one end of the rice field (2), the other end of the rice field (2) is provided with an open end (11), the third small ridge (5) is provided with an open end (11) at one end of the rice field (2), and the other end of the rice field (2) is, the rest is done until the last small ridge (5), the water inlet end (9) of the rice field (2) is positioned at the closed end (12) of the first small ridge (5), the water outlet end (10) of the rice field (2) is positioned at the closed end (12) of the last small ridge (5), and thus the water areas enclosed by all the small ridges (5) are connected in series to form an S-shaped water flow path from the water inlet end (9) to the water outlet end (10) in the rice field (2);

the water inlet end (9) of the rice field (2) is communicated with the first water channel (3), the water outlet end (10) of the rice field (2) is communicated with the second water channel (6), when the water level of the fishpond (1) is lower than that of the rice field (2), a water suction pump (4) is arranged in the first water channel (3), and a first gate (7) is arranged in the second water channel (6); when the water level of the fish pond (1) is higher than the water level of the rice field (2), a first gate (7) is arranged in the first water channel (3), and a water suction pump (4) is arranged in the second water channel (6).

2. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: an oxygen increasing ditch (14) is arranged beside the small ridge (5), and the bottom of the oxygen increasing ditch (14) is lower than the ground level of the rice field (2).

3. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: when the water level of the fish pond (1) is lower than that of the rice field (2), an inclined or vertical fall plane (15) is designed in the second water channel (6) by utilizing the fall between the water surface of the rice field (2) and the water surface of the fish pond (1).

4. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 3, wherein: an ultraviolet disinfection lamp (16) is arranged above the fall plane (15), and when the fall plane (15) is an inclined plane, the ultraviolet disinfection lamp (16) is opposite to the inclined plane; when the drop plane (15) is a vertical plane, the ultraviolet disinfection lamp (16) is opposite to the vertical plane.

5. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 3, wherein: an ultraviolet disinfection lamp (16) is arranged above the fall plane (15), a horizontal plane (17) is arranged at the top of the fall plane (15), and the ultraviolet disinfection lamp (16) is opposite to the horizontal plane (17).

6. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: the fish pond (1) is formed by connecting at least two small fish ponds in series.

7. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: the rice field (2) is formed by connecting at least two small rice fields in series.

8. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: the first water channel (3) and the second water channel (6) are both ecological ditches.

9. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: the small ridge (5) is a small muddy ridge (5) with the height of 12-20cm and the width of 15-30 cm.

10. The ecological composite cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: when the water level of the fish pond (1) is lower than that of the rice field (2), a water inlet and outlet channel (13) is led out from the second water channel (6), and a second gate (8) is arranged in the water inlet and outlet channel (13).