CN107722308A - 一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107722308A
CN107722308A CN201711038108.XA CN201711038108A CN107722308A CN 107722308 A CN107722308 A CN 107722308A CN 201711038108 A CN201711038108 A CN 201711038108A CN 107722308 A CN107722308 A CN 107722308A
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王倡春
刘凯
倪慧琳
强瀚
鲁天暄
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料及其制备方法。聚丙烯酸类高分子材料具有高吸水性,但其吸水后易破碎,强度低。本方法利用水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸使其具有快速的水响应形状记忆性能,同时又能保持较好的力学强度。

Description

一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于形状记忆材料领域,是一种新型智能材料,具体涉及一种快速水响应形状记忆材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
形状记忆材料一种新型智能材料,具体涉及热致响应型,光致响应型,磁致响应型等不同的刺激响应模式。形状记忆是指材料在一种特定的环境下由初始形态转变为临时形态,在外界的刺激后再由临时形态转变为原始形态。
具有形状记忆的高分子材料可以是单一组分的聚合物,也可以是多组分嵌段或者接枝聚合物。感应型形状记忆高分子将感应与驱动相结合,从而实现对目标的监测。目前,热致感应型形状记忆材料已经广泛应用,压敏形状记忆材料、光敏形状记忆材料等感应型形状记忆材料已有报道,而水响应型的形状记忆材料因其潜在的生物医疗方面的潜在应用,备受关注。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料及其制备方法。聚丙烯酸因其具有大量羧基,可以与水分子产生氢键,大量吸水。但其吸水后,韧性差,易破碎。本发明采用水性聚氨酯对其改性,并采用聚乙烯醇交联水性聚氨酯改性的聚丙烯酸。既解决了聚丙烯酸韧性差,不能成膜的问题,又实现了材料的快速水响应形状记忆效应。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:以聚丙烯酸为基体,通过水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸,增强其韧性,提高成膜性能,具体制备方法如下:
1.水性聚氨酯预聚体的制备:称取1份PTMEG2000和7份MDI置于四口烧瓶中,水浴加热至85℃,同时开启搅拌器,搅拌30min;称取4份DMPA加入烧瓶,继续搅拌30min;然后降温至60℃,滴入催化剂TK129,搅拌1h;再加入TMP2份,保温60℃,搅拌2h;降温至50℃,加三乙胺1份,搅拌30min;加水90g高速分散2min;最后升温至60℃,蒸出丙酮,约为30min,得到了水性聚氨酯预聚体。期间用丙酮调节黏度。(份数按物质的量计量)
2.水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:将制得的预聚体在70℃保温30min,取出1份预聚体,1份丙酮与2份水,加入烧瓶中;用注射器逐滴加入4份70℃的丙烯酸,温度为70℃,滴加时间为一个半小时,再逐滴加入70℃的AIBN的丙酮溶液(溶液浓度为0.61mol/L)2份,滴加时间为一个半小时;待反应完毕后,取出产品烘干。(份数按体积计量)
3.一种水响应型形状记忆高分子的制备方法:取7份水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸溶解,取1份1799型聚乙烯醇于95℃下溶解一小时,将两份溶液混合并且搅拌半小时,将混合液铺于玻璃板上60℃烘干,将烘干的膜取下并用两玻璃板夹住,置于烘箱120℃热处理90min。制备快速水响应型形状记忆高分子。(份数按质量比计量)
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是通过材料内部的氢键所具有的对水高敏感的性能,通过水性聚氨酯来提高其成膜性能且不降低其水敏感性能,通过聚乙烯醇交联来使其具备形状记忆性能;从而制备出来的样品既具有对微量水响应,又具有形状记忆性能。
本发明材料的形状记忆性能体现为:将材料放置在25~95℃水蒸气的环境下5s-1h,使材料从原始形状产生形变并维持此形状,将材料在50~100℃的温度下烘干再撤去约束,材料变形为临时形状,该临时形状能维持稳定;将材料放置在25~95℃水蒸气的环境下5s-1h,材料能完全恢复到原始形状。
本发明材料的拉伸形状记忆性能体现为:将材料放置在95℃水蒸气的环境下10s,将材料在拉伸至原来两倍的长度并维持此形状,将材料在85℃的温度下烘干再撤去约束,材料变形为被拉长的形状,该临时状态能维持稳定;将材料放置在95℃水蒸气的环境下10s,材料在10s内完全恢复原始形状。图1为材料拉伸形变的形状记忆效应的各阶段形状。
本发明材料的扭曲形状记忆性能体现为:将材料放置在95℃水蒸气的环境下10s,将材料环绕在圆柱体上并维持材料的弹簧状形状,将材料在85℃的温度下烘干再撤去约束材料变形为弹簧状,该临时状态能维持稳定;将材料放置在95℃水蒸气的环境下10s,材料能完全恢复到原始形状。图2为弹簧状样品的形状记忆效应的各阶段形状。
本发明材料的水敏感性能体现为:将材料在相同温度的水蒸气的环境下放置不同的时间使材料吸收不同量的水分,含有不同量的水分的材料具有不同的拉伸性能。图3为含10%水分样品的拉伸应力应变图,图3中的插图为干燥样品的拉伸应力应变图。图4为含不同水分样品的断裂强度图。
附图说明
图1:为按本发明制成的快速水响应型形状记忆材料,其弹簧状样品的形状记忆效应的各阶段形状:a)原始形状b)临时形状c)回复形状。
图2:为按本发明制成的快速水响应型形状记忆材料,其拉伸形变的形状记忆效应的各阶段形状:a)原始形状b)临时形状c)回复形状。
图3:为按本发明制成的快速水响应型形状记忆材料,其含10%水分样品的拉伸应力应变图,插图为干燥样品的拉伸应力应变图。
图4:为按本发明制成的快速水响应型形状记忆材料,其含不同水分样品的断裂强度图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明进一步说明
实施例1:
如图1所示,一种水响应型形状记忆高分子的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.聚氨酯预聚体的制备:称取10g(0.005mol)PTMEG2000和8.69g(0.035mol)MDI置于四口烧瓶中,水浴加热至85℃,同时开启搅拌器,搅拌30min;称取3g(0.022mol)的DMPA放入烧瓶,继续搅拌30min;然后降温至60℃,滴入约为4滴(10mg)的催化剂TK129,搅拌Ih;再加入TMP 1.4g(0.10mol),保温60℃,搅拌2h;降温至50℃,加三乙胺2.47g(0.01mol),搅拌30min;加水90g高速分散2min;最后升温至60℃,蒸出丙酮,约为30min,得到了水性聚氨酯预聚体;期间用丙酮调节黏度。
2.水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:将制得的预聚体在70℃保温30min;取出5ml的预聚体,5ml的丙酮,10ml的水,加入烧瓶中;用注射器逐滴加入70℃的20ml的丙烯酸,滴加时间为一个半小时;再逐滴加入70℃AIBN(1g)的丙酮溶液(溶液浓度为0.61mol/L)9ml,滴加时间为一个半小时;待反应完毕后,取出产品烘干。
3.聚乙烯醇交联水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:取7g水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸的膜溶解,取3g1799型聚乙烯醇于95℃下溶解一小时,将两份溶液混合并且搅拌半小时,将混合液铺于玻璃板上60℃烘干,将烘干的膜取下并用两玻璃板夹住,置于烘箱120℃热处理90min。制得快速水响应形状记忆高分子材料。
实施例2:
如图1所示,一种水响应型形状记忆高分子的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.水性聚氨酯预聚体的制备:称取10g(0.005mol)PTMEG2000和8.69g(0.035mol)MDI置于四口烧瓶中,水浴加热至85℃,同时开启搅拌器,搅拌30min;称取3g(0.022mol)的DMPA放入烧瓶,继续搅拌30min;然后降温至60℃,滴入约为4滴(10mg)的催化剂TK129,搅拌1h;再加入TMP 1.4g(0.10mol),保温60℃,搅拌2h;降温至50℃,加三乙胺2.47g(0.01mol),搅拌30min;加水90g高速分散2min;最后升温至60℃,蒸出丙酮,约为30min,得到了水性聚氨酯预聚体;期间用丙酮调节黏度。
2.水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:将制得的预聚体在70℃保温30min;取出5ml的预聚体,5ml的丙酮,10ml的水,加入烧瓶中;用注射器逐滴加入70℃的20ml的丙烯酸,滴加时间为一个半小时;再逐滴加入70℃AIBN(1g)的丙酮溶液(溶液浓度为0.61mol/L)9ml,滴加时间为一个半小时;待反应完毕后,取出产品烘干。
3.聚乙烯醇交联水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:取8g水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸的膜溶解,取2g1799型聚乙烯醇于95℃下溶解一小时,将两份溶液混合并且搅拌半小时,将混合液铺于玻璃板上60℃烘干,将烘干的膜取下并用两玻璃板夹住,置于烘箱120℃热处理90min。制得快速水响应形状记忆高分子材料。
实施例3:
如图1所示,一种水响应型形状记忆高分子的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.水性聚氨酯预聚体的制备:称取10g(0.005mol)PTMEG2000和8.69g(0.035mol)MDI置于四口烧瓶中,水浴加热至85℃,同时开启搅拌器,搅拌30min;称取3g(0.022mol)的DMPA放入烧瓶,继续搅拌30min;然后降温至60℃,滴入约为4滴(10mg)的催化剂TK129,搅拌1h;再加入TMP 1.4g(0.10mol),保温60℃,搅拌2h;降温至50℃,加三乙胺2.47g(0.01mol),搅拌30min;加水90g高速分散2min;最后升温至60℃,蒸出丙酮,约为30min,得到了水性聚氨酯预聚体。期间用丙酮调节黏度。
2.水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:将制得的预聚体在70℃保温30min;取出5ml的预聚体,5ml的丙酮,10ml的水,加入烧瓶中;用注射器逐滴加入70℃的20ml的丙烯酸,滴加时间为一个半小时;再逐滴加入70℃AIBN(1g)的丙酮溶液(溶液浓度为0.6lmol/L)9ml,滴加时间为一个半小时;待反应完毕后,取出产品烘干。
3.聚乙烯醇交联水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸:取9g水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸溶解,取1g1799型聚乙烯醇于95℃下溶解一小时,将两份溶液混合并且搅拌半小时,将混合液铺于玻璃板上60℃烘干,将烘干的膜取下并用两玻璃板夹住,置于烘箱120℃热处理90min;制得快速水响应形状记忆高分子材料。
本发明材料的形状记忆性能,将实施例三制备的材料放置在95℃水蒸气的环境下10s,将材料在拉伸至原来两倍的长度并维持次形状,将材料在85℃的温度下烘干3h,撤去约束材料能保持被拉长的形状,然后将材料放置在95℃水蒸气的环境下10s,材料能完全恢复原来的长度;图2为材料拉伸形变的形状记忆效应的各阶段形状。
本发明材料的水敏感性能,将实施例三的材料在95℃的水蒸气的环境下放置10s使材料吸收质量分数为10%的水分,含有质量分数为10%水分的材料拉伸的断裂强度比干燥的样品的样品的强度大66.5MPa;图3为含10%水分样品的拉伸应力应变图,图3中的插图为干燥样品的拉伸应力应变图。
以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料的制备方法:
(1)水性聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法:水性聚氨酯预聚体的制备:称取1份的聚四氢呋喃醚2000(PTMEG2000)和7份的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)置于四口烧瓶中,水浴加热至85℃,同时开启搅拌器,搅拌30min;称取4份的二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)放入烧瓶,继续搅拌30min;然后降温至60℃,滴入催化剂辛酸亚锡(TK129),搅拌1h;再加入三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)2份,保温60℃,搅拌2h;降温至50℃,加三乙胺1份,搅拌30min;加水5份高速分散2min;最后升温至60℃,蒸出丙酮,约为30min,得到了水性聚氨酯的预聚体。期间用丙酮调节黏度。(份数按物质的量计量)
(2)水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸的方法:将制得的预聚体在70℃保温30min;取1份预聚体,1份丙酮,2份水,加入烧瓶中;用注射器逐滴加入70℃的4份丙烯酸,滴加时间为一个半小时;再逐滴加入70℃的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的丙酮溶液(溶液浓度为0.61mol/L)2份,滴加时间为一个半小时;待反应完毕后,取出产品烘干。(份数按体积计量)
(3)采用聚乙烯醇交联步骤(2)制备的样品:取7份水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸溶解,取3份1799型聚乙烯醇于95℃下溶解一小时,将两份溶液混合搅拌半小时,将混合液铺于玻璃板上60℃烘干,将烘干的膜取下并用两玻璃板夹住,置于烘箱120℃热处理90min。制得的膜即为快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料(份数按质量计算)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述的水性聚氨酯预聚体是由PTMEG2000、MDI、DMPA和TMP经化学反应合成。通过调节各组分的含量,可以制备出性能不同的水性聚氨酯预聚体。本发明采用的水性聚氨酯预聚体的各组分的物质的量份数为:PTMEG1份,MDI7份,DMPA4份,TMP2份。本发明中涉及的水性聚氨酯预聚体包含但不仅限于该配比。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)制备的水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸是由以下组分并按下述体积份数组成:水性聚氨酯预聚体1~2份,丙烯酸4~6份,引发剂AIBN溶液1~2份。本发明中涉及的水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸包含但不仅限于该配比。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料的制备方法,其特征在于所发明材料采用聚乙烯醇来交联步骤(2)的制备材料。本发明中涉及的聚乙烯醇包含但不限于1799型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(3)制备的样品是由以下组分并按下述质量份数组成:水性聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸1~3份,聚乙烯醇7~9份。本发明中涉及的快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料包含但不仅限于该配比。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料,其特征在于用水性聚氨酯改性后的聚丙烯酸的成膜性能。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料,其特征在于本发明材料中的聚丙烯酸是水响应的主要成分。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料,其特征在于可以采用水蒸气使本发明材料赋形(使材料从原始形态变为临时形态)以及使材料回复原始形态。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料,其特征在于本发明材料可以在温度为25℃~95℃的水蒸气作用下回复,在95℃的水蒸气作用下在10秒内完全回复。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速水响应型形状记忆高分子材料,其特征在于本发明材料含水量为0-10%时,其力学性能会产生变化。
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