CN107721796B - 一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
- C07C1/30—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms by splitting-off the elements of hydrogen halide from a single molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen
- C07C1/321—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a non-metal atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及有机合成领域,公开了一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,以双烯烃化合物ii为起始原料,在催化剂作用下,在溶剂中与重氮物iv混合反应,得到含有丙化合物iii的反应液;将所得反应液加入酸水或热水中洗涤,再加入无机碱或有机碱调节pH至11~14,制得取代炔基环丙化合物i。本发明方法具有以下有益效果:1)提高反应的收率;2)使用廉价易得的工业化原料;3),减少副产物,减少环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成领域,尤其涉及一种含烯基炔基环丙化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
环丙基和炔基,由于其特殊的活性,在活性药物领域有很重要的应用。含环丙基,乙炔基化合物,往往作为很多抗病毒类,抗菌类药物的重要中间体,例如依法韦仑用到的环丙乙炔。
这类化合物市场需求量非常巨大,现有的制备方式主要是用:
1)环丙基甲酮,在五氯化磷作用下得到二氯代物,再用强碱脱去两分子氯化氢得到环丙乙炔。这种制备方式,转化率和收率都比较低,并且反应条件苛刻,放大生成困难,副产物多,对环境的污染大。(Hudson C.H.,Bauld N.L..J.Am.Chem.Soc.1972,94:1158-1163.)
2)以5-氯-1-戊炔为原料,用正丁基锂在环己烷中回流反应,用饱和氯化铵终止反应。此法需要用到过量的正丁基锂,原料昂贵,条件苛刻,环境污染较大。(Corley E.G.,Thompson A.S.,Huntington M..Organic Syntheses,2000,77:231-233.)
3)以环丙基甲醛为原料,经Aldol反应,加成、两次消除等步骤,该法路线长、收率不高、原子经济性差,不适合工业生产。(仲泽信,三谷利道,佐竹庸一等.制备环丙基丙烯酸衍生物的方法[P].CN:1183090C,2005-01-05.)
4)以丙炔酸为原料,在正丁基锂作用下,先与1-溴-3-氯丙烷反应,再在LDA作用下环合得到产物。此方法收率不高、副产物多,对环境的污染大。(Brands K.M..GB:2355724,2001-02-05.)
因此,需要更加经济,绿色的工艺来替代原工艺。本发明所用的路线,原料便宜,收率高,副产物很少,因此能够符合以上目标,适合于大规模生产,满足市场需求。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种含烯基炔基环丙化合物的制备方法。本发明方法具有以下有益效果:1)提高反应的收率;2)使用廉价易得的工业化原料;3),减少副产物,减少环境污染。
本发明的具体技术方案为:一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,以双烯烃化合物ii为起始原料,在催化剂作用下,在溶剂中与重氮物iv混合反应,得到含有丙化合物iii的反应液;将所得反应液加入酸水或热水中洗涤,再加入无机碱或有机碱调节pH至11~14,制得取代炔基环丙化合物i。
具体合成路线如下:
本发明的合成反应路线除了生成了对环境没有危害的氮气,最终产品的生成之外,所有的原子都进入了目标产物,没有产生其他的废物。
(ii)为起始原料合成到化合物(iii),在此步合成反应中,有氮气生成,原子利用率78%,远远优于现有技术中的工艺,同时缩短了合成步骤,降低了时间成本。且反应主体的产生,没有副反应和杂质生成,有效地降低分离成本,以及后处理,能源的使用,废水的产生。
作为优选,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的摩尔比为0.2-5.0∶1。
作为优选,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的摩尔比为0.5-5.0∶1。
作为优选,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的摩尔比为0.5-2.0∶1。
作为优选,所述金属催化剂选自Pd,Pt,Cu,Fe,Ni,Ru,Rh和Co;所述配体选自三苯基膦,BINAP,xPhos,卟啉,四苯基卟啉,苯腈,DBA和卤素。
作为优选,所述金属催化剂的化学当量为反应原料的0.01-50mol%,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的反应温度为-50℃~150℃。
作为优选,所述金属催化剂的化学当量为反应原料的0.1-10mol%;所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的反应温度为0℃~40℃。
作为优选,加入无机碱或有机碱时,温度控制在50~100℃。
作为优选,所述重氮物iv为重氮甲烷或重氮乙烷。
作为优选,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸叔丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、二甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、乙腈、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、叔丁基甲醚、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、苯甲醚、NMP、甲苯中的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、叔丁基甲醚、NMP中的一种或几种。
与现有技术对比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、使用廉价易得的工业化原料,极大地减轻了环境污染。
2、反应速度加快,缩短了生产周期,降低了能耗。
3、原子利用率高。
4、减少副产物,极高的提高反应的收率;创新路线的工艺比原工艺,总收率比现有传统工艺提高5%左右。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
在5L反应瓶,预先排气三次,通满氮气,再加入冷却至-50℃的100g氯丁二烯液体。先加入预先冷却的-50℃的甲醇2000ml,保持-50℃,30分钟,搅拌均匀,加入0.1%摩尔比催化剂氯化亚铜即1g,保持-50℃搅拌30分钟。在-50℃下,原料与与重氮甲烷的摩尔比为0.2倍,浓度是1%重氮甲烷甲醇溶液,缓慢的滴加至反应瓶中,恒压滴定管需要保持-50℃。随着重氮甲烷的甲醇溶液的滴入,反应瓶中的有大量气体生成,溶液从黄绿色转变成无色透明,滴加时间40分钟,控制滴加时间,防止气体过多导致冲料。将产生的气体,通入至盐酸水溶液中,破坏未反应完全的重氮甲烷气体。滴毕,-10℃反应保温,60分钟,取样,干燥,GC检测,无原料,生成环丙化合物,再将此反应液加入无机碱碳酸钾中搅拌,控制pH至14,0℃保温3小时,HPLC检测,无原料,生成环丙基乙炔化合物,GC外标收率:84.5%。
实施例2
在5L反应瓶,预先排气三次,通满氮气,再加入冷却至0℃的100g氯丁二烯液体。先加入预先冷却的0℃的丙酮2000ml,保持0℃,30分钟,搅拌均匀,加入1%摩尔比催化剂四苯基卟啉铁即1g,保持0℃搅拌30分钟。在0℃温度下,将原料与与重氮甲烷的摩尔比为0.5倍,浓度5%重氮甲烷丙酮溶液,缓慢的滴加至反应瓶中,恒压滴定管需要控温0℃,随着重氮甲烷的丙酮溶液的滴入,反应瓶中的有大量气体生成,溶液从黄绿色转变成无色透明,滴加时间40分钟,控制滴加时间,防止气体过多导致冲料。将产生的气体,通入至盐酸水溶液中,破坏未反应完全的重氮甲烷气体。滴毕,40℃反应保温,60分钟,取样,干燥,GC检测,无原料,生成环丙基化合物,再将此反应液加入无机碱碳酸钾中搅拌,控制PH至14,50℃保温3小时,HPLC检测,无原料,生成环丙基乙炔化合物,GC外标收率:87.1%。
实施例3
在10L反应瓶,预先排气三次,通满氮气,再加入40℃的200g乙烯基乙炔-1-三甲基硅烷液体。先加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮2000ml,保持40℃,30分钟,搅拌均匀,加入摩尔比0.5倍,100g催化剂乙酸钯,保持40℃搅拌30分钟。将原料与与重氮甲烷的摩尔比为1倍,浓度3%的重氮甲烷气体,缓慢的通入反应液液面以下,随着重氮甲烷气体的通入,反应瓶中的有大量气体生成,溶液从黄绿色转变成无色透明,通气80分钟,控制通气速度,防止气体过多导致冲料。将产生的气体,通入至50℃热水中,破坏未反应完全的重氮甲烷气体。滴毕,50℃反应保温,30分钟,取样,干燥,GC检测,无原料,生成环丙基化合物,再将此反应液加入无机碱碳酸钾中搅拌,控制pH至14,80℃保温1小时,HPLC检测,无原料,生成环丙基乙炔化合物,GC外标收率:80.9%。
实施例4
在10L反应瓶,预先排气三次,通满氮气,将-10℃的200g乙烯基乙炔-1-三甲基硅烷液体与二氯甲烷混合加入至反应瓶中,保持温度-10℃。再加入预先冷却的-10℃的乙酸乙酯2000ml,保持-10℃,30分钟,搅拌均匀,加入摩尔比1%,催化剂双(苯腈)氯化钯,即2g,保持-10℃搅拌30分钟。在-10℃下,将原料与与重氮甲烷的摩尔比为1.2倍,浓度10%的重氮甲烷气体,缓慢的通入反应液液面以下,随着重氮甲烷气体的通入,反应瓶中的有大量气体生成,溶液从黄绿色转变成无色透明,通气80分钟,控制通气速度,防止气体过多导致冲料,反应温度20℃。将产生的气体,通入至50℃热水中,破坏未反应完全的重氮甲烷气体。滴毕,30℃反应保温,120分钟,取样,干燥,GC检测,无原料,生成环丙基化合物,再将此反应液加入无机碱碳酸钾中搅拌,控制pH至14,20℃保温3小时,HPLC检测,无原料,生成环丙基乙炔化合物,GC外标收率:79.9%。
实施例5
在5L反应瓶,预先排气三次,通满氮气,将0℃的100g乙烯基乙炔-1-三甲基硅烷液体与叔丁基甲醚混合加入至反应瓶中,保持温度0℃。再加入预先冷却的0℃的叔丁基甲醚2000ml,保持-10℃,30分钟,搅拌均匀,加入摩尔比0.2倍,催化剂三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,即20g,保持-10℃搅拌30分钟。将冷却至-10℃,将原料与与重氮甲烷的摩尔比为0.3倍,浓度10%重氮甲烷气体,缓慢的通入反应液液面以下,随着重氮甲烷气体的通入,反应瓶中的有大量气体生成,溶液从黄绿色转变成无色透明,通气40分钟,控制通气速度,防止气体过多导致冲料,反应温度20℃。将产生的气体,通入至盐酸水溶液中,破坏未反应完全的重氮甲烷气体。滴毕,0℃反应保温,60分钟,取样,干燥,GC检测,无原料,生成环丙基化合物,再将此反应液加入无机碱碳酸钾中搅拌,控制pH至14,100℃保温3小时,HPLC检测,无原料,生成环丙基乙炔化合物,GC外标收率:83.9%。
对比例1
合成路线如下:
以环丙乙酮为原料,使用1.3摩尔比的原价算三价值在催化剂对甲苯磺酸的作用下,室温反应2h,得到(1,1-二甲氧基乙基)环丙烷,在将反应物在100~125目的三氧化二铝的催化下发生了消除反应,生成了1-甲氧基乙烯环丙烷,这两步收率51%。在用正丁基锂在110℃下反应5h,得到39%的炔基环丙烷。
此方法,总体收率很低,而且还是用了价格昂贵的正丁基锂,使用条件较为苛刻,还存在大量的后处理污染的难度。
对比例2
合成路线如下:
环丙甲醛和二氯甲烷加成得到醇,醇和对甲苯磺酰氯先生成酯后在MeLi作用下下厨得到环丙乙炔,总收率65%,但是反应需要-78℃的低温,工业化放大能源消耗很大,并且不安全,会有爆炸危险。
本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变换,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (8)
2.如权利要求1所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的摩尔比为0.2-5.0∶1。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的摩尔比为0.5-5.0∶1。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的摩尔比为0.5-2.0∶1。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属催化剂的化学当量为反应原料的0.01-50mol%,所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的反应温度为-50℃~150℃。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属催化剂的化学当量为反应原料的0.1-10mol%;所述双烯烃化合物ii与重氮物iv的反应温度为0℃~40℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,加入无机碱或有机碱时,温度控制在50~100℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种含取代炔基环丙化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸叔丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、二甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、乙腈、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、叔丁基甲醚、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、苯甲醚、NMP、甲苯中的一种或几种。
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