CN107709912A - 蒸发气体再液化系统 - Google Patents

蒸发气体再液化系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107709912A
CN107709912A CN201680032371.5A CN201680032371A CN107709912A CN 107709912 A CN107709912 A CN 107709912A CN 201680032371 A CN201680032371 A CN 201680032371A CN 107709912 A CN107709912 A CN 107709912A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
boil
fluid
liquefied
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN201680032371.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
申铉俊
崔东圭
文荣植
安守敬
李準埰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanwha Ocean Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/KR2016/004103 external-priority patent/WO2016195237A1/ko
Publication of CN107709912A publication Critical patent/CN107709912A/zh
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
    • B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
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    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
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    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract

本发明揭示一种用于再液化从储存槽产生的蒸发气体的系统。蒸发气体再液化系统包括：第一压缩机，其用于压缩从储存槽排放的蒸发气体的一部分(下文被称作“流体a”)；第二压缩机，其用于压缩从储存槽排放的蒸发气体的另一部分(下文被称作“流体b”)；第二膨胀构件，其用于膨胀流体a和流体b的交汇流的一部分(下文被称作“流体c”)；热交换器，其用于冷却流体a和流体b的交汇流的另一部分(下文被称作“流体d”)；以及第一膨胀构件，其用于膨胀已借助于热交换器冷却的流体d，其中热交换器进行热交换且借助于已借助于第二膨胀构件膨胀的流体c作为制冷剂来冷却流体d。

Description

蒸发气体再液化系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于再液化蒸发气体的系统，且更明确地说涉及一种用于再液化蒸发气体且同时压缩所述蒸发气体以将经压缩蒸发气体提供到使用蒸发气体作为燃料等的引擎的系统。
背景技术
通过精炼从油气田收集的天然气且随后液化经精炼气体来获得液化天然气(liquefied natural gas，LNG)。液化天然气的主要成份是甲烷且在常压下在-163℃下液化。随着对能源的需求增加且用于收集和运输液化天然气的技术已经改进，已经积极地作出常规上被认为具有低可销售性的中等和小型海上油气田中液化天然气的开发。
与气态的体积相比，约1/600体积的液化天然气适合运输。然而，液化天然气容易在高于-163℃的温度下汽化，且因此需要具有热绝缘装置的储存槽来传输液化天然气。
然而，不管热绝缘装置是否存在，抵抗外部的完美绝缘是不可能的，且液化天然气持续在储存液化天然气的储存槽内汽化，且此处，汽化的液化天然气称为蒸发气体(boil-off gas，BOG)。
储存槽内蒸发气体的持续累积增加储存槽的内部压力，使储存槽的稳定性降级，且归因于海洋环境的储存槽的移动可能加速蒸发气体的产生。因此，需要用于再液化储存槽内产生的蒸发气体的设施。
发明内容
技术问题
一种用于再液化蒸发气体的方法可包含用于通过将其与单独冷却剂进行热交换来再液化蒸发气体的方法，以及用于使用蒸发气体自身作为冷却剂而不使用任何额外冷却剂来再液化蒸发气体的方法。确切地说，采用用于使用蒸发气体自身作为冷却剂来再液化蒸发气体的方法的系统称为部分再液化系统(Partial Re-liquefaction System，PRS)。
部分再液化系统包含压缩从储存槽排放的蒸发气体的压缩机，且此处，可再液化的蒸发气体的量可根据压缩机的容量来确定。因此，相关技术部分再液化系统归因于压缩机容量的限制而不能够立刻处理蒸发气体。
本发明的一目标是提供一种用于蒸发气体的再液化系统，其与现有再液化系统相比能够展现增强的再液化性能。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的示范性实施例，一种用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统包含：第一压缩机，其压缩从储存槽排放的蒸发气体的部分量(下文称为“流体a”)；第二压缩机，其压缩从储存槽排放的蒸发气体的另一部分量(下文称为“流体b”)；第二膨胀单元，其膨胀随着流体a和流体b汇合而形成的流的部分量(下文称为“流体c”)；热交换器，其冷却随着流体a和流体b汇合而形成的流的另一部分量(下文称为“流体d”)；以及第一膨胀单元，其膨胀由热交换器冷却的流体d，其中热交换器将流体d与由第二膨胀单元膨胀的作为冷却剂的流体c进行热交换以冷却流体d。
所述系统可进一步包含：寒热收集单元，其将流体d与从储存槽排放的作为冷却剂的蒸发气体进行热交换，以冷却流体d。
流体d可在寒热收集单元中初步冷却，由热交换器二次冷却，且随后由第一膨胀单元膨胀以便再液化。
流体c可借助于热交换器供应到第二膨胀单元，且热交换器可对通过第二膨胀单元之前的流体c、通过第二膨胀单元之后的流体c和流体d进行热交换。
已经通过第二膨胀单元和热交换器的流体c可与从储存槽排放的蒸发气体汇合。
所述系统可进一步包含：汽-液分离器，其分离经再液化的液化天然气和已经通过第一膨胀单元的流体d中保持呈气态的蒸发气体，其中通过汽-液分离器分隔开的液化天然气可发送到储存槽，且通过汽-液分离器分隔开的蒸发气体可与从储存槽排放的蒸发气体汇合。
在随着流体a和流体b汇合而形成的流中，排除流体c和流体d的剩余流可发送到燃料消耗器。
第一压缩机和第二压缩机可将蒸发气体压缩到10到100巴。
有利效果
如上文描述，用于再液化蒸发气体的系统具有以下优点和效果。
首先，因为由寒热收集单元初步冷却的蒸发气体经由热交换器进行的额外冷却过程而减压，所以与现有(PRS)相比，再液化效率和再液化量可增加。确切地说，大多数或所有剩余蒸发气体可再液化而不使用利用单独冷却剂的制冷循环，从而获得经济效率。
第二，因为分别由并联安装的两个压缩机压缩的蒸发气体汇合以用作热交换器的冷却剂，所以用作热交换器中的冷却剂的蒸发气体的流动速率可增加，从而进一步增加再液化效率和再液化量。
第三，使用已经安装的冗余压缩机增加再液化效率和再液化量促进轮船中的可靠空间，且降低用于安装额外压缩机的成本。
第四，冷却剂的流动速率和寒热的供应可根据蒸发气体的排放量、基于轮船速度的发动机负荷等灵活地控制。
附图说明
图1是说明根据本发明的示范性实施例用于再液化蒸发气体的系统的配置的示意框图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参看附图描述本发明的示范性实施例。以下描述涉及本发明的示范性实施例，但所属领域的技术人员将了解，本发明不限于下文待描述的示范性实施例，而是可以不同于以下描述中提及的形式的若干形式实施，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明的范围仅由权利要求界定。
图1是说明根据本发明的示范性实施例用于再液化蒸发气体的系统的配置的示意框图。在当前示范性实施例中，将作为实例描述随着液化天然气汽化而产生的蒸发气体，但本发明还可应用于随着液化石油气(LPG)等汽化而产生的蒸发气体。
参看图1，根据本发明的示范性实施例用于再液化蒸发气体的系统包含储存液化天然气的储存槽(1)、安装在储存槽(1)的下游侧的寒热收集单元(10)，以及安装在寒热收集单元(10)的下游侧的第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)。
从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体经由蒸发气体供应线(L1)供应到燃料消耗器(80)。寒热收集单元(10)安装在蒸发气体供应线(L1)中，以紧接在蒸发气体从储存槽(1)排放之后从蒸发气体收集寒热。寒热收集单元(10)接收从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体，或随着从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体与从汽-液分离器(70)(下文中待描述)排放的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流。
第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)压缩从寒热收集单元(10)排放的蒸发气体。第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)并联安装且可具有相同性能。并且，第二压缩机(22)可以是用于满足第一压缩机(20)的冗余(Redundance)设计的压缩机。
第一压缩机(20)安装在蒸发气体供应线(L1)上，且第二压缩机(22)安装在冗余线(L2)上。冗余线(L2)在第一压缩机(20)的上游侧从蒸发气体供应线(L1)形成分支，且在第一压缩机(20)的下游侧连接到蒸发气体供应线(L1)。
同时，在图1中，说明两个压缩机，但此仅为说明性的，且可并联安装三个或超过三个压缩机。第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)可将蒸发气体压缩到10到100巴。
根据当前示范性实施例用于再液化蒸发气体的系统可包含在第一压缩机(20)的下游侧安装在蒸发气体供应线(L1)上的第一冷却器(30)，和在第二压缩机(22)的下游侧安装在冗余线(L2)上的第二冷却器(32)。第一冷却器(30)可冷却由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体，且第二冷却器(32)冷却由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体。第一冷却器(30)和第二冷却器(32)可经由与从外部引入的海水、纯水或空气的热交换来冷却蒸发气体。
第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)可以是多级压缩机。在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)是多级压缩机的情况下，多个压缩缸可串联安装在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)中的每一者内，且冷却器安装在所述多个压缩缸中的每一者的后部级上，且因此，所述多个压缩缸和所述多个冷却器可交替安装。
当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统包含第一膨胀单元(50)。第一膨胀单元(50)安装在热交换器(40)的下游侧，以膨胀由热交换器(40)冷却的蒸发气体。
当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统可包含汽-液分离器(70)。汽-液分离器(70)安装在第一膨胀单元(50)的下游侧，且使由第一膨胀单元(50)膨胀和再液化的液化天然气与保持呈气态的蒸发气体分离。
第一膨胀单元(50)可包含能够膨胀蒸发气体的任何单元。举例来说，第一膨胀单元(50)可以是焦耳-汤姆森阀(Joule-Thomson)或膨胀器。
第一膨胀单元(50)和汽-液分离器(70)安装在蒸发气体返回线(L3)上。蒸发气体返回线(L3)在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)的下游侧从蒸发气体供应线(L1)形成分支，且循序通过寒热收集单元(10)、热交换器(40)和第一膨胀单元(50)，且连接到储存槽(1)。
随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体和由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流的部分量沿着蒸发气体返回线(L3)供应到寒热收集单元(10)，且沿着蒸发气体返回线(L3)供应到寒热收集单元(10)的蒸发气体与从储存槽(1)排放且沿着蒸发气体供应线(L1)供应到寒热收集单元(10)的蒸发气体进行热交换，以便冷却。
在当前示范性实施例包含汽-液分离器(70)的情况下，通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的液化天然气沿着蒸发气体返回线(L3)返回到储存槽(1)，且通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的呈气态的蒸发气体沿着气体混合线(L4)供应到寒热收集单元(10)。沿着气体混合线(L4)供应到寒热收集单元(10)的蒸发气体与从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体汇合，且在寒热收集单元(10)中用作冷却剂。
当前示范性实施例揭示内容的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统包含热交换器(40)和第二膨胀单元(60)。热交换器(40)安装在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)的下游侧且在第一膨胀单元(50)的上游侧，且额外冷却当沿着蒸发气体返回线(L3)通过寒热收集单元(10)时已经初步冷却的蒸发气体。为了热交换器(40)额外冷却蒸发气体，随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流沿着再循环线(L5)供应到热交换器(40)且用作冷却剂。
再循环线(L5)在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)的下游侧从蒸发气体供应线(L1)形成分支，通过第二膨胀单元(60)和热交换器(40)，且在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)的上游侧连接到蒸发气体供应线(L1)。
第二膨胀单元(60)安装在再循环线(L5)上。随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流的部分量沿着再循环线(L5)供应到第二膨胀单元(60)，且由第二膨胀单元(60)减压，以便降低温度。
由第二膨胀单元(60)降低温度的蒸发气体供应到热交换器(40)，且用作冷却剂以对通过寒热收集单元(10)且随后沿着蒸发气体返回线(L3)供应到热交换器(40)的流体以及沿着再循环线(L5)供应到热交换器(40)并随后供应到第二膨胀单元(60)的流体中的一或多者进行热交换和冷却。
也就是说，随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流的部分量在热交换器(40)中初步热交换且由第二膨胀单元(60)膨胀，并沿着再循环线(L5)发送回到热交换器(40)以便进行二次热交换。
当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统包含燃料消耗器(80)，其接收随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流的部分量，且将其用作燃料。燃料消耗器(80)可以是引擎、发电机等，其由蒸发气体作为燃料驱动，且确切地说，当前示范性实施例的燃料消耗器(80)可以是使用约16巴压力下的天然气作为燃料的X-DF引擎。
为了方便描述当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统的操作，将界定流体的主要流。下文中，从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体或随着从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体与通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的呈气态的蒸发气体汇合而形成的流将被称作第一流(100)，随着第一流(100)在通过寒热收集单元(10)之后分叉、供应到第一压缩机(20)或第二压缩机(22)且再次汇合以便供应到燃料消耗器(80)而形成的流将被称作第二流(102)，在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)的下游侧从第二流(102)形成分支且供应到热交换器(40)的流将被称作第三流(104)，在第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)的下游侧从第二流(102)形成分支且供应到寒热收集单元(10)的流将被称作第四流(106)，且随着第四流(106)通过寒热收集单元(10)且供应到热交换器(40)而形成的流将被称作第五流(108)。第一流(100)在通过寒热收集单元(10)时转变为第二流(102)，且第四流(106)在通过寒热收集单元(10)时转变为第五流(108)。
当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统包含多个阀，其控制每条线中流动的呈液态或气态的流体的流动速率。阀可分别安装在第一压缩机(20)的上游侧的蒸发气体供应线(L1)上、第二压缩机(22)的上游侧的冗余线(L2)上、第一压缩机(20)的下游侧(在当前示范性实施例包含第一冷却器(30)的情况下，第一冷却器(30)的下游侧)的蒸发气体供应线(L1)上、第二压缩机(22)的下游侧(在当前示范性实施例包含第二冷却器(32)的情况下，第二冷却器(32)的下游侧)的冗余线(L2)上、从蒸发气体供应线(L1)形成分支且连接到热交换器(40)的再循环线(L5)上、从蒸发气体供应线(L1)形成分支且连接到寒热收集单元(10)的蒸发气体返回线(L3)上、其中通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的液化天然气发送到储存槽(1)的蒸发气体返回线(L3)上、以及其中通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的呈气态的天然气供应到寒热收集单元(10)的气体混合线(L4)上。
当前示范性实施例的阀根据例如以下条件和情形控制呈液态或气态的流体的流动速率：从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体的排放量、燃料消耗器(80)所需的蒸发气体的供应量等。
下文中，将参看图1详细地描述根据本发明的示范性实施例用于再液化蒸发气体的系统的操作。
储存槽(1)内产生的蒸发气体从储存槽(1)排放且供应到寒热收集单元(10)。从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体与通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的呈气态的蒸发气体汇合以形成第一流(100)。
同时，寒热收集单元(10)可收集第一流(100)的寒热以冷却其它蒸发气体。寒热收集单元(10)收集第一流(100)的寒热，且在通过压缩机(20)和22时压缩的第二流(102)中将寒热发送到供应回到寒热收集单元(10)的流(即，第四流(106))。在寒热收集单元(10)中，第一流(100)和第四流(106)进行热交换，且第一流(100)被加热而第四流(106)被冷却。由寒热收集单元(10)加热的第一流(100)转变成第二流(102)，且由寒热收集单元(10)冷却的第四流(106)转变成第五流(108)。
通过寒热收集单元(10)的第二流(102)分叉且供应到第一压缩机(20)或第二压缩机(22)。第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)压缩蒸发气体所借助的压力可根据燃料消耗器(80)所需的压力变化。举例来说，在燃料消耗器(80)是用于推进轮船的引擎且所需蒸发气体的压力为10到100巴的情况下，第一压缩机(20)和第二压缩机(22)可各自将蒸发气体压缩到10到100巴。
同时，在再液化所需的寒热的量根据从储存槽(1)排放的蒸发气体的量改变或燃料消耗器(80)所需的蒸发气体的量改变的情况下，可相应地致动所述多个压缩机(20)和(22)中的仅一些或全部。
举例来说，如果可能通过考虑到待再液化的蒸发气体的量和待供应到燃料消耗器(80)的蒸发气体的量仅操作所述多个压缩机(20)和(22)中的一些来执行处理，那么通过打开或闭合安装在压缩机(20)和(22)的上游侧和下游侧的阀将蒸发气体仅供应到所述多个压缩机(20)和(22)中的一些。
然而，如果可能通过考虑到待再液化的蒸发气体的量和待供应到燃料消耗器(80)的蒸发气体的量操作所述多个压缩机(20)和(22)的全部来执行处理，那么通过打开安装在压缩机(20)和(22)的上游侧和下游侧的所有阀将蒸发气体供应到所述多个压缩机(20)和(22)的全部。
当驱动压缩机(20)和(22)的全部时，与仅驱动所述多个压缩机(20)和(22)中的一些的情况相比，可额外供应再液化蒸发气体所需的寒热，从而增加再液化效率和再液化量。
本发明的所述多个压缩机中的一些可以是用于冗余的压缩机。举例来说，如图1中所说明，当当前示范性实施例包含两个压缩机(20)和(22)时，所述两个压缩机中的任一者可以是用于冗余(Redundance)的压缩机。
冗余压缩机是经安装以为主(Main)压缩机发生故障的情况准备的压缩机，且一般来说冗余根据轮船的规定是必需的。需要冗余压缩机来替换主压缩机，且因此在大多数情况下冗余压缩机可具有与主压缩机的规格相同的规格。
然而，因为冗余压缩机仅在主压缩机发生故障的紧急事件中操作，所以冗余压缩机的提供就冗余压缩机的安装成本而言或考虑到冗余压缩机占据的轮船空间可能是低效的。
在本发明的示范性实施例中，所述多个压缩机中的一些被配置成用于再液化蒸发气体的系统中的冗余压缩机，且因此，相关技术中将必需安装但很少使用的冗余压缩机可得以利用。
此外，根据当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统，与相关技术相比，压缩机的容量可减小。
储存槽内产生的蒸发气体的量随着储存槽内液化天然气气体的量增加而增加。因此，当轮船正朝向液化天然气的产生区域航行时，储存槽几乎排空，且因此蒸发气体的产生量较小，且当轮船在生产区域中加载了液化天然气并朝向消耗区域航行时，储存槽几乎装满，且因此蒸发气体的产生量较大。
并且，当轮船的速度为高时，引擎所需的燃料量增加，从而增加蒸发气体的消耗，且当轮船的速度为低时，引擎所需的燃料量减小，从而减小蒸发气体的消耗。
也就是说，待再液化的蒸发气体的量根据储存槽内液化天然气的量、轮船的速度等变化，且因此在配置用于再液化蒸发气体的系统时，主压缩机的容量经设定以应对蒸发气体的产生量为最大且蒸发气体的消耗为最小的情形(也就是说，待再液化的蒸发气体为最大的情形)，且冗余压缩机的容量根据主压缩机的容量而设定。
然而，不同于相关技术，根据当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统，主压缩机并不处理全部的蒸发气体，且冗余压缩机和主压缩机两者经驱动以当待再液化的蒸发气体的量超出所确定数值时处理蒸发气体。因此，可安装具有较小容量的主压缩机，且因为安装了具有较小容量的主压缩机，可安装具有较小容量的冗余压缩机。具有较小容量的主压缩机和冗余压缩机的安装可解决轮船的可靠空间和成本的问题。
在本发明的示范性实施例中，第一压缩机(20)可以是主压缩机，且第二压缩机可以是冗余压缩机。
同时，随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的第二流(102)供应到燃料消耗器(80)，作为从随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的第二流(102)形成分支的部分的第四流(106)供应到寒热收集单元(10)，且作为从随着由第一压缩机(20)压缩的蒸发气体与由第二压缩机(22)压缩的蒸发气体汇合而形成的第二流(102)形成分支的另一部分的第三流(104)供应到热交换器(40)。
根据当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统在压缩机(20)和(22)将蒸发气体压缩到相对低压力时特别有利。在通过压缩机将蒸发气体压缩到约100巴或高于100巴的高压的情况下，尽管待经历沿着蒸发气体返回线(L3)的再液化过程的蒸发气体只是经历由寒热收集单元(10)进行的冷却和由第一膨胀单元(50)进行的膨胀的过程，但可获得相对优良的再液化效率。然而，在通过压缩机将蒸发气体压缩到低于100巴的低压(确切地说，压缩到约10巴的低压)的情况下，仅由寒热收集单元(10)进行的冷却不能获得合乎需要的再液化效率和再液化量。
根据当前示范性实施例的用于再液化蒸发气体的系统，因为由寒热收集单元(10)初步冷却的蒸发气体由热交换器(40)额外冷却且随后由第一膨胀单元(50)膨胀，所以可增强蒸发气体的再液化效率和再液化量。
从第二流(102)部分形成分支的第三流(104)可直接发送到第二膨胀单元(60)，或可借助于热交换器(40)发送到第二膨胀单元(60)。由第二膨胀单元(60)减压和冷却的第三流(104)供应到热交换器(40)且用作冷却剂。
在第三流(104)借助于热交换器(40)发送到第二膨胀单元(60)的情况下，初步供应到热交换器(40)的第三流(104)在第二膨胀单元(60)中减压和冷却，且随后与供应到热交换器(40)的第三流(104)进行热交换以便冷却。通过第二膨胀单元(60)和热交换器(40)的第三流(104)发送回到压缩机(20)和(22)的上游侧以与第二流(102)汇合。
在寒热收集单元(10)中与第一流(100)进行热交换以便冷却的第四流(106)转变为第五流(108)且供应到热交换器(40)。供应到热交换器(40)的第五流(108)与已由第二膨胀单元(60)膨胀的第三流(104)进行热交换。
由热交换器(40)冷却的第五流(108)经由第一膨胀单元(50)减压和冷却以便部分或完全再液化。当当前示范性实施例包含汽-液分离器(70)时，经由第一膨胀单元(50)再液化的液化天然气与保持呈气态的蒸发气体通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开，通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的液化天然气发送到储存槽(1)，且通过汽-液分离器(70)分隔开的呈气态的蒸发气体供应回到寒热收集单元(10)以重复以上过程。
尽管上文已描述本发明的示范性实施例，但所属领域的技术人员可在不脱离如权利要求中界定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下以若干其它方式修改和应用上述示范性实施例。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其包括：
第一压缩机，其压缩从储存槽排放的蒸发气体的部分量(下文称为“流体a”)；
第二压缩机，其压缩从所述储存槽排放的所述蒸发气体的另一部分量(下文称为“流体b”)；
第二膨胀单元，其膨胀随着所述流体a和所述流体b汇合而形成的流的部分量(下文称为“流体c”)；
热交换器，其冷却随着所述流体a和所述流体b汇合而形成的所述流的另一部分量(下文称为“流体d”)；以及
第一膨胀单元，其膨胀由所述热交换器冷却的所述流体d，
其中所述热交换器使所述流体d与由所述第二膨胀单元膨胀的作为冷却剂的所述流体c进行热交换，以冷却所述流体d。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其进一步包括寒热收集单元，所述寒热收集单元使所述流体d与从所述储存槽排放的作为冷却剂的所述蒸发气体进行热交换，以冷却所述流体d。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其中所述流体d在所述寒热收集单元中初步冷却，由所述热交换器二次冷却，且随后由所述第一膨胀单元膨胀以便再液化。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其中所述流体c借助于所述热交换器供应到所述第二膨胀单元，且所述热交换器使通过所述第二膨胀单元之前的所述流体c、通过所述第二膨胀单元之后的所述流体c及所述流体d进行热交换。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其中已经通过所述第二膨胀单元和所述热交换器的所述流体c与从所述储存槽排放的所述蒸发气体汇合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其中已经通过所述第二膨胀单元和所述热交换器的所述流体c与从所述储存槽排放的所述蒸发气体汇合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其进一步包括汽-液分离器，所述汽-液分离器使再液化的液化天然气与已经通过所述第一膨胀单元的所述流体d中保持呈气态的蒸发气体分离，
其中通过所述汽-液分离器分隔开的所述液化天然气发送到所述储存槽，且通过所述汽-液分离器分隔开的所述蒸发气体与从所述储存槽排放的所述蒸发气体汇合。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其中在随着所述流体a和所述流体b汇合而形成的所述流中，排除所述流体c和所述流体d的剩余流发送到燃料消耗器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于再液化储存槽中产生的蒸发气体的系统，其中所述第一压缩机和所述第二压缩机将所述蒸发气体压缩到10到100巴。
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EP3305645B1 (en) 2024-01-03
US20180170504A1 (en) 2018-06-21
EP3305644A4 (en) 2019-06-26
EP3305649A4 (en) 2019-07-31
EP3640129B1 (en) 2024-01-17
SG11201709998RA (en) 2018-01-30
RU2017145887A (ru) 2019-07-09
JP2018047900A (ja) 2018-03-29
CN107922036A (zh) 2018-04-17
RU2017145881A3 (zh) 2019-07-17
EP3305648A1 (en) 2018-04-11
RU2703368C2 (ru) 2019-10-16
JP6899335B2 (ja) 2021-07-07
US10661873B2 (en) 2020-05-26
JP2018516347A (ja) 2018-06-21
SG11201710007QA (en) 2018-01-30
EP3305649C0 (en) 2023-08-30
EP3305646A1 (en) 2018-04-11
EP3640129C0 (en) 2024-01-17
KR20160142257A (ko) 2016-12-12
EP3305644C0 (en) 2023-12-06
PH12017502174A1 (en) 2018-06-11
RU2017145887A3 (zh) 2019-09-20
US11242123B2 (en) 2022-02-08
SG11201710005RA (en) 2018-01-30
PH12017502175A1 (en) 2018-06-11
RU2017145879A3 (zh) 2019-07-17
CN107922035B (zh) 2019-12-10
RU2017145878A (ru) 2019-07-11
PH12017502173A1 (en) 2018-05-28
RU2703354C2 (ru) 2019-10-16
JP2018517609A (ja) 2018-07-05
PH12017502178A1 (en) 2018-06-11
US20180162492A1 (en) 2018-06-14

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