CN107684626A - 介孔二氧化硅‑6‑巯基嘌呤‑顺铂纳米粒, 其制备, 活性和应用 - Google Patents
介孔二氧化硅‑6‑巯基嘌呤‑顺铂纳米粒, 其制备, 活性和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米级别的介孔二氧化硅‑6巯基嘌呤(6MP)/顺铂(CDDP)的纳米递送体系(MSNS‑6MP/CDDP)。公开了它的制备方法,即在介孔二氧化硅上修饰巯基,通过二硫键连接6MP形成连接6MP的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNS‑6MP),在孔道内载入CDDP,形成连接6MP、装载CDDP的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒;公开了它的纳米结构;公开了它抑制S180小鼠肿瘤生长的作用,与常规6MP和CDDP联合应用相比,MSNS‑6MP/CDDP显著延长S180小鼠的生存时间,提高了疗效并降低了全身毒性反应。因而本发明公开了它在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的应用,有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种介孔二氧化硅-6-巯基嘌呤(6MP)/顺铂(CDDP)纳米粒(MSNN-6MP/CDDP)。涉及它的制备方法,即在介孔二氧化硅纳米粒表面修饰巯基制备巯基功能化的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNN),接着MSNN的巯基和6MP共价结合形成了6-巯基嘌呤-巯基修饰的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNN-6MP),最后往MSNN-6MP的纳米孔道加载顺铂,制得纳米级别的介孔二氧化硅-6-巯基嘌呤/顺铂纳米粒(MSNN-6MP/CDDP)。涉及它的抗肿瘤作用。与常规6MP和CDDP联合应用相比,MSNN-6MP/CDDP显著延长S180小鼠的生存时间,提高了疗效并降低了CDDP的全身毒性反应。因而本发明公开了MSNN-6MP/CDDP在制备6MP与CDDP联用的抗肿瘤药物中的应用。本发明的MSNN-6MP/CDDP有良好的临床应用前景。本发明属于生物医药领域。
背景技术
CDDP是最早作为抗肿瘤药物使用的铂络合物,目前仍然是肿瘤化疗效的一线药,应用广泛,作用确切。不过CDDP有严重的肝毒性、心脏毒性和肾毒性。正是这些毒性使CDDP的临床疗效受到限制。为了提高CDDP治疗的癌症病人的生存率和治愈率并降低全身毒性反应,设计了多种联合化疗方案。例如CDDP与gemcitabine联合治疗、CDDP与vinorelbine联合治疗、CDDP与多烯紫杉醇联合治疗等。可是,这些联合治疗方案都没有能够达到提高CDDP治疗的癌症病人的生存率和治愈率并降低全身毒性的目标。
发明人认识到,将药物载入递送载体后常常可以降低毒性反应。为此,发明人进行了长期探索。发明人发现,用巯基修饰介孔二氧化硅纳米粒表面制得巯基化介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNN)之后,便可将MSNN的巯基和6-巯基嘌呤共价结合,形成6-巯基嘌呤共价修饰的MSNN的纳米粒(MSNN-6MP)。MSNN-6MP纳米粒表面有无数孔,往这些孔中加CDDP便可制得加载CDDP的MSNN-6MP纳米粒(MSNN-6MP/CDDP)。发明人还发现,在荷S180瘤的小鼠模型上,由MSNN-6MP/CDDP代表的联合治疗比CDDP加6MP的常规联合治疗有三个优越性。第一个优越性是,MSNN-6MP/CDDP可明显提高S180小鼠的生存期,而CDDP加6MP的常规联合治疗不能。第二个优越性是,MSNN-6MP/CDDP可明显提高S180小鼠的治愈率,而CDDP加6MP的常规联合治疗不能。第三个优越性是, MSNN-6MP/CDDP可明显降低S180小鼠的全身毒性,而CDDP加6MP的常规联合治疗不能。根据这些发现,发明人提出了本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一个内容是提供一种包载顺铂的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒。
本发明的第二个内容是提供一种共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒。
本发明的第三个内容是提供制备共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒和包载顺铂的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的方法,该方法包括:
(1)从十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、正硅酸四乙酯和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷制备MSNN;
(2)6-巯基嘌呤和MSNN偶联制备MSNN-6MP;
(3)用MSNN-6MP包载CDDP制备介孔二氧化硅-6-巯基嘌呤-顺铂的纳米粒。
本发明的第四个内容是提供MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP纳米粒的制备方法。
本发明的第五个内容是提供MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP的纳米结构。
本发明的第六个内容是评价MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP抑制肿瘤生长的作用。
附图说明
图1.MSNS-6MP/CDDP的制备技术路线。MPTMS=tetraethoxy-silane-3-(trimethoxysilypropane)-1-thiol,CDDP=cisplatin,6MP=6-mercaptopurine,TEOS=tetraethylorthosilicate,MSNS=巯基修饰的MSN,MSNS-6MP=6MP共价修饰的MSNS,MSNS-6MP/CDDP=CDDP装载在MSNS-6MP的孔道中。
图2.MSNS、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP的透射电镜图。
图3.MSNS、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP的扫描电镜图。
图4.S180荷瘤小鼠用CMCNa、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP治疗7天并观察13天的瘤重,n=12。
图5.S180荷瘤小鼠用CMCNa、CDDP、6MP+CDDP、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP治疗7天并观察13天的肿瘤体积,n=12。
图6.S180荷瘤小鼠用CMCNa、CDDP、6MP+CDDP、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP治疗7天并观察13天的生存率。
图7.CMCNa、CDDP、6MP+CDDP、MSNS-6MP/CDDP治疗小鼠的血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和肌酐(Cr)水平。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明,下面给出一系列实施例。这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明进行具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1制备MSNS-6MP
1.制备MSNS
将1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于480mL蒸馏水中,在磁力搅拌下加入3.5mL氢氧化钠(2mol/L),油浴加热,当烧瓶内温度达到80℃后稳定1h,剧烈搅拌至溶液澄清透明,快速加入5mL正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和1mL 3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS),继续在80℃剧烈搅拌下反应2h,随后反应混合物经过蒸馏水和乙醇分别洗涤三次,70℃真空干燥24h,用甲醇350mL(加浓盐酸7mL)回流24h,去除表面活性剂模板,再次用蒸馏水和乙醇分别洗涤三次,70℃真空干燥24h,得到1.2g表面巯基功能化的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNS)。
2.制备MSNS-6MP
将275mg碘溶于10mL DMSO,使成I2-DMSO溶液。将68mg 6MP溶于2mL DMSO中,冰浴下往里逐滴加入I2-DMSO溶液,紫外分光光度计监测反应,6MP单体峰全部变为二聚体之后,加入1.00g MSNS,避光反应过夜。产物转入离心管,DMSO和无水乙醇反复离心洗涤,用紫外分光光度计检测上清液,至上清中无6MP单体及二聚体残留,即未连接的过量6MP被全部除去,37℃真空干燥沉淀至恒重,得900mg 6MP共价连接的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNS-6MP)。
实施例2制备MSNS-6MP/CDDP
将40mg CDDP溶于5mL生理盐水中,加入300mg MSNS-6MP,避光,超声振摇30min,37℃磁力搅拌过夜,37℃烘箱干燥,抽滤,生理盐水洗去表面附着的CDDP,37℃真空干燥至恒重,反复3次,得330mg MSNS-6MP/CDDP。重量分析表明,300mg MSNS-6MP/CDDP含30mg CDDP。
实施例3测定MSNS、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP的纳米结构
1.测定方法制备MSNS、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP的乙醇悬浮液,浓度均为500μg/mL。分别取200μL悬浮液滴加在扫描电镜玻璃片表面,37℃下烘干,在扫描电镜(S-4800,HITACHI,日本)下观察,记录扫描电镜图片。分别取50μL悬浮液,滴加在透射电镜铜网表面,37℃下烘干,在透射电镜(JEM-1230,JEOL,日本)下观察,记录透射电镜图片。
2.测定结果从图2中的透射电镜图像可以看出MSNS、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP都是直径在100nm左右的规则球,表面分布有规则孔道。从图3的扫描电镜图像可以看出,MSNS、MSNS-6MP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP均呈较规则球形,直径在100nm左右。
实施例4评价MSNS-6MP、CDDP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP等抑制肿瘤生长活性
1.实验分组雄性ICR小鼠,体重20±2g,从北京维通利华动物实验技术有限公司购买。共分为5组,分别是CMCNa组、CDDP组、6MP+CDDP组、MSNS-6MP组和MSNS-6MP/CDDP组。每组12只小鼠,共60只小鼠。
2.给药剂量CMCNa组的剂量为0.2mL/只、CDDP组的给药剂量为5mg/kg、6MP+CDDP组的给药剂量为1mg/kg 6MP和5mg/kg CDDP、MSNS-6MP组的给药剂量为50mg/kg、MSNS-6MP/CDDP组的给药剂量为50mg/kg。均腹腔注射。
3.荷S180腹水瘤小鼠模型取1×107个/mL S180细胞悬液接种于健康雄性ICR小鼠皮下,0.2mL/只,小鼠接种瘤液后饲养7天至瘤体积(瘤体积=长×宽2/2)为0.5cm3左右,将全部小鼠随机分为5组,并编号。测量体重,开始给药,每天1次,连续给药7天。
4.测定瘤重每组小鼠连续给药7天后,再饲养6天。于第13天小鼠称体重、接受乙醚麻醉、脱颈椎处死、解剖小鼠取瘤称重。数据统计均采用t检验和方差分析,以(mean±SD,g)表示,结果见图4。
5.测定瘤体积每组连续给药7天后,再饲养6天。于第13天小鼠称体重、接受乙醚麻醉、脱颈椎处死、解剖小鼠取瘤测量体积。给药过程中,隔天用游标卡尺体外测量小鼠瘤长宽,计算肿瘤体积(瘤体积=长×宽2/2)。结果见图5。
6.测定结果瘤重是动物实验中反映药物抗肿瘤效果的主要评价指标,从图4中可看出MSNS-6MP组小鼠的瘤重明显小于CMCNa组小鼠的瘤重,MSNS-6MP/CDDP组小鼠的瘤重明显小于MSNS-6MP组小鼠的瘤重。结果表明,虽然MSNS-6MP组有较好的抗肿瘤效果,但是载入CDDP后的MSNS-6MP/CDDP的抗肿瘤效果更好。
从图5瘤体积结果可见,整个实验过程中,各组肿瘤均处于持续增长状态,CMCNa组的增长速度明显快于各给药组。CDDP和6MP+CDDP治疗的S180小鼠第八天开始大量死亡,因此只能测得第七天的瘤体积。前5天各给药组小鼠肿瘤的生长速度较缓慢,第5天开始速生长。第7天时,CDDP组,CDDP+6MP组和MSNS-6MP/CDDP组小鼠瘤体积没有明显差异。第13天CMCNa组小鼠的瘤体积远远大于MSNS-6MP治疗组小鼠的瘤体积,而MSNS-6MP组小鼠的瘤体积明显大于MSNS-6MP/CDDP组小鼠的瘤体积。结果表明,虽然MSNS-6MP组有较好的抗肿瘤效果,但是载入CDDP后的MSNS-6MP/CDDP的抗肿瘤效果更好。
实施例5评价MSNS-6MP、CDDP和MSNS-6MP/CDDP等的全身毒性
1.生存期分析给药期间观察小鼠的存活情况,记录各组每只小鼠的生存时间,结果见图6。
2.测定血浆谷丙转氨酶,谷草转氨酶和肌酐
S180小鼠连续给药7天后,继续观察6天,于第13天小鼠摘眼球取血,用3.8%柠檬酸钠抗凝,每1mL血液加抗凝剂100μL,血液离心(4000rpm,10min)后取上清即为血浆,采用谷丙转氨酶(GPT)试剂盒、谷草转氨酶(GOT)试剂盒和肌酐(Cr)试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)检测,按照标准曲线计算血浆中谷丙转氨酶,谷草转氨酶和肌酐的含量,考察毒性反应,结果见图7。
3.测定结果小鼠生存结果见图6。CDDP给药第7天小鼠生存率为91.7%,第8天生存率为50.0%,第9天生存率33.3%,第10天生存率为16.7%。6MP+CDDP给药第8天小鼠生存率为58.3%,第9天生存率为41.7%,第10天生存率为25.0%,第11天生存率为16.67%。CMCNa组、MSNS-6MP组和MSNS-6MP/CDDP组小鼠第13天的生存率均为100%。说明CDDP加载到MSNS-6MP上可极大地降低全身毒性。小鼠血浆生化结果见图7。6MP+CDDP组小鼠的血浆GOT、GPT和Cr水平均明显高于CMCNa组小鼠的血浆GOT、GPT和Cr水平。而MSNS-6MP/CDDP组小鼠的血浆GOT、GPT和Cr水平与CMCNa组小鼠的血浆GOT、GPT和Cr水平无显著性差异。可见,CDDP加载到MSNS-6MP上可极大地降低肝、肾和心脏毒性。
Claims (4)
1.一种共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒。
2.一种包载顺铂的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒。
3.制备权利要求1的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒和权利要求2的包载顺铂的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的方法,该方法包括:
(1)从十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、正硅酸四乙酯和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷制备MSNN;
(2)6-巯基嘌呤和MSNN偶联制备MSNN-6MP;
(3)用MSNN-6MP包载CDDP制备介孔二氧化硅-6-巯基嘌呤-顺铂的纳米粒。
4.权利要求1的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒和权利要求2的包载顺铂的共价连接6-巯基嘌呤的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
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