CN107669783A - 一种治疗便秘的提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗便秘的提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107669783A CN107669783A CN201710995285.0A CN201710995285A CN107669783A CN 107669783 A CN107669783 A CN 107669783A CN 201710995285 A CN201710995285 A CN 201710995285A CN 107669783 A CN107669783 A CN 107669783A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗便秘的提取物,该提取物由以下重量份的药物组成:忍冬藤200~700份、苦参100~500份、黄柏30~80份、五倍子90~300份、蛇床子和地瓜藤各100~400份,其活性成分为:忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物,蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物,黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。本发明由六味中药经科学配伍而成,各味中药协同作用,发挥的效果倍增,具有药简而功著的特点,经患者的应用试验,在治疗痔疾的过程中发现,具有明显的治疗便秘的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药品制备领域,特别是涉及一种治疗便秘的提取物及其制备方法。
背景技术
便秘多发人群有老人、孕妇、婴幼儿,在程度上有轻有重,在时间上可以是暂时的,也可以是长久的。由于引起便秘的原因很多,也很复杂,有以下几个因素年龄因素、不良生活习惯包括喜吃低渣精细的食物,或饮食简单,缺粗纤维,使粪便体积缩小,黏滞度增加,在肠内运动减慢,水分过度吸收而致便秘、没有养成定时排便的习惯,常常忽视正常的便意,致使排便反射受到抑制而引起便秘、某些疾病和肥胖因素,致使活动减少,特别是因病卧床或坐轮椅的患者,因缺少运动性刺激以推动粪便的运动,往往易患便秘、精神心理因素如患抑郁、焦虑、强迫症等心理障碍者易出现便秘,肠道的病变有炎症性肠病、肿瘤、疝、直肠脱垂等,此类病变导致功能性出口梗阻引起排便障碍,全身性疾病有糖尿病、尿毒症、脑血管意外、帕金森病等,另外滥用药物也会导致便秘,由于长期使用泻剂,尤其是刺激性泻剂,造成肠道黏膜神经的损害,降低肠道肌肉张力,反而导致严重便秘。此外,引起便秘的其他药物还有如鸦片类镇痛药、抗胆碱类药、抗抑郁药、钙离子拮抗剂、利尿剂等。
因此,一旦发生便秘,尤其是比较严重的,持续时间较长的便秘,这样的患者应及时到医院检查,查找引起便秘的原因,以免延误原发病的诊治,并能及时、正确、有效地解决便秘的痛苦,切勿滥用泻药。便秘是排便次数明显减少,每2~3天或更长时间一次,无规律,粪质干硬,常伴有排便困难感的病理现象,使粪便在大肠内停留时间过久,粪便内所含的水分被过量吸收,粪便变得干燥坚硬,排便时伴有时间延长,难于排出,肛门坠胀、疼痛,或引起了腹胀、腹痛、多屁、食欲不振、头晕乏力、痔疮等症状,正常的排便规律被打乱,排便次数减少,间隔时间延长,严重者排出的大便像羊屎样,呈小球形颗粒状。如果每周排便次数少于3次,并伴明显排便困难,这种情况就称为便秘。长期便秘得不到药物治疗会对人体造成严重危害。因为长期便秘会严重妨碍人体排毒。甚至会因长期便秘无法排毒而昏迷甚至死亡。目前服用药物和开塞露是治疗便秘的重要手段。但是使用开塞露治标不治本,而使用西药治疗,如果长期服用,会产生药物依赖性,诱发便秘加重,并且会导致内分泌紊乱,未老先衰。目前各种治疗便秘的中药的药方中有些中药则药性苦寒,易伤人的胃气,使得消化吸收功能下降,不但影响疗效,反而产生副作用。
现有技术中,痔疾如痔疾栓剂和洗液由忍冬藤、苦参、黄柏、五倍子、蛇床子、地瓜藤制成,主要治疗湿热内蕴所致的内痔出血和湿热蕴结所致的外痔肿痛,具有清热解毒,燥湿敛疮,收敛止血,消肿止痛的功效。发明人发现,在治疗痔疮的同时,还发现了痔疾制剂的新用途。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种治疗便秘的提取物及其制备方法。
具体地,本发明是由以下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供了一种治疗便秘的提取物,该提取物由以下重量份的药物组成:忍冬藤200~700份、苦参100~500份、黄柏30~80份、五倍子90~ 300份、蛇床子和地瓜藤各100~400份,其活性成分为:忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物,蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物,黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。
所述的忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物由以下方法制备:忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入5~8倍量60~85%乙醇浸泡2~4小时,加热回流 2~4次,每次提取时间为2~5小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的5~8倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
所述的蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物由以下方法制备:蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入5~8倍量70~90%乙醇,加热回流2~4次,每次提取时间为2~5小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入3~6倍量的水,煮沸提取 3~4次,每次2~4小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
所述的黄柏、五倍子醇提取物由以下方法制备:黄柏、五倍子切片,加入5~7倍量70%~95%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为:0.5~1小时,加热回流提取2~4次,每次提取时间2~4小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。
本发明所述的提取物,该提取物由以下方法制备:
1)所述的忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物由以下方法制备:忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入6倍量70%乙醇浸泡 3小时,加热回流3次,每次提取时间为4小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的7倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
2)蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物由以下方法制备:蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入7倍量80%乙醇,加热回流3次,每次提取时间为4小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入5倍量的水,煮沸提取3次,每次3小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
3)所述的黄柏、五倍子醇提取物由以下方法制备:黄柏、五倍子切片,加入6倍量80%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为:0.5小时,加热回流提取3次,每次提取时间3小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物;
4)将步骤1)至3)所得的提取物,混合均匀,即得治疗便秘的提取物。
本发明所述提取物的制剂,该制剂由所述提取物和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂组成。
本发明所述制剂为固体制剂或液体制剂,所述固体制剂为片、胶囊、颗粒或丸剂;所述液体制剂为口服液或注射剂,所述注射剂为注射液、注射用冻干粉针或注射用无菌粉末。
本发明所述的提取物及上述含提取物的制剂在制备治疗便秘的药物中的应用。
本发明提取物以纯天然中药忍冬藤为君药,忍冬藤味甘苦,性微寒。具有清热解毒,疏风通络的功效。《药性论》记载具有主腹胀满,能止气下澼。以苦参为臣药,清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿,《名医别录》记载具有养肝胆气,安五脏,定志益精,利九窍,除伏热肠澼,止渴,醒酒,小便黄赤,疗恶疮下部疡,平胃气,令人嗜食。以蛇床子、地瓜藤、五倍子为佐药,蛇床子功效具有清热燥湿,祛风止痒的功效,其成分含挥发油、蛇床子素等,有抗菌消炎作用。地瓜藤具有活血生血,消肿去毒,利尿解热、健脾利湿、收敛止痢之功效。五倍子具有解毒止血活血作用。以黄柏为使药,黄柏具有清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮的功效,辅助诸药增加药效。本发明提取物及其制剂在治疗便秘的功效时,通过调理身体气血,清热排毒,润肠通便,达到治疗便秘的功效,上述君臣佐使诸药合理搭配,利用其配方中的药材具清热排毒等功效,对便秘具有很好的治疗效果。
本发明由六味中药经科学配伍而成,各味中药协同作用,发挥的效果倍增,具有药简而功著的特点,经患者的应用试验,在治疗痔疾的过程中发现,具有明显的治疗便秘的功效。
具体实施方式
实施例1
配方:忍冬藤621g、苦参442g、黄柏77g、五倍子233g、蛇床子和地瓜藤各314g
制备工艺:
1)忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入6倍量70%乙醇浸泡3小时,加热回流3次,每次提取时间为4小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的7倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
2)蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入7倍量80%乙醇,加热回流3次,每次提取时间为4小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25 的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入5倍量的水,煮沸提取3次,每次3小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为 1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
3)黄柏、五倍子切片,加入6倍量80%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为:0.5 小时,加热回流提取3次,每次提取时间3小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物;
4)将步骤1)至3)所得的提取物,混合均匀,即得治疗便秘的提取物。
实施例2
配方:忍冬藤200g、苦参100g、黄柏30g、五倍子90g、蛇床子和地瓜藤各100g
制备工艺:
1)忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入5倍量60%乙醇浸泡2 小时,加热回流2次,每次提取时间为2小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的5倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
2)蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入5倍量70%乙醇,加热回流2次,每次提取时间为2小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25 的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入3倍量的水,煮沸提取3次,每次2小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为 1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
3)黄柏、五倍子切片,加入5倍量70%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为:0.5 小时,加热回流提取2次,每次提取时间2小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。
4)将步骤1)至3)所得的提取物,混合均匀,即得治疗便秘的提取物。
实施例3
配方:忍冬藤700g、苦参500g、黄柏80g、五倍子300g、蛇床子和地瓜藤各400g
制备工艺
1)忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入8倍量85%乙醇浸泡4 小时,加热回流4次,每次提取时间为5小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的8倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
2)蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入8倍量90%乙醇,加热回流4次,每次提取时间为5小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25 的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入6倍量的水,煮沸提取4次,每次4小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为 1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
3)黄柏、五倍子切片,加入7倍量95%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为1小时,加热回流提取4次,每次提取时间4小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。
4)将步骤1)至3)所得的提取物,混合均匀,即得治疗便秘的提取物。
实施例4
配方:忍冬藤200g、苦参100g、黄柏30g、五倍子300g、蛇床子和地瓜藤各400g
制备方法同实施例1
实施例5
配方忍冬藤700g、苦参500g、黄柏80g、五倍子90g、蛇床子和地瓜藤各100g
制备方法同实施例2
实施例6
胶囊的制备方法:按实施例1基础上,将制得的药物组合物减压干燥得干膏,粉碎,过100目筛,混匀,再过100目筛,用80%乙醇制成软材,过14目筛,制粒,于60℃左右干燥,整粒,装胶囊得胶囊剂。
实施例7
片剂的制备方法:在实施例2步骤基础上,将制得的药物组合物减压干燥得干膏,粉碎,充分混匀,干燥,粉碎,混匀,制粒,用16目筛整粒,加药物提取物1%重量的硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,加药物提取物10%重量的微晶纤维素、可压性淀粉充分混匀,压制成片,包薄膜衣,即得片剂。
实施例8
颗粒的制备方法:在实施例3步骤基础上,将制得的药物组合物减压干燥得干膏,粉碎,混匀,再加入糊精,粉碎,混匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,包装即得。
实施例9
滴丸的制备方法:在实施例1步骤基础上,将制得的药物组合物减压干燥得干膏,粉碎,混匀,加入熔融状态的聚乙二醇M6000中,搅拌,使其分散均匀,保温备用;将混合均匀的熔融基质至于保温装置滴丸机中并保持基质于搅拌状态,开机滴注,用液体石蜡或硅油做滴丸成型的冷却剂,将制成的滴丸从冷却剂中取出,用少量无水乙醇进行快速清洗后置于摊盘中于30℃条件下鼓风干燥,拣丸,上光,包装即得。
实施例10
注射液的制备方法:在实施例2步骤基础上,将制得的药物组合物减压干燥得干膏,粉碎,混匀,过80目筛,加入注射用水溶解,灌封,于115℃下热压灭菌2次以上,每次30分钟,即得。
实施例11
口服液的制备方法:在实施例3步骤基础上,将制得的药物组合物减压干燥得干膏,加入矫味剂环己基氨基磺酸钠、柠檬酸钠、海藻酸钠中一种或多种的混合物,保鲜剂苯甲酸、甘草酸、迷迭香酸中一种或多种的混合物,和干膏同等重量的蔗糖混合均匀,得到混合物,加入混合物重量15倍的水,混合均匀,煮沸,最后采用240目滤布过滤即得口服液。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明的有益效果,这些试验例包括了本发明实施例1的药效学试验和临床疗效观察试验。
试验例1本发明实施例提取物的排便、小肠推进运动、大肠推进运动、肠容积影响、润肠通便作用等试验:
试验材料:选本发明实施例1为试验药物;大黄通便胶囊由成都市湔江制药厂生产,印度墨水由北京市西中化工厂生产,复方地芬诺酯由焦作市康力药业股份有限公司生产;戊巴比妥钠,SERVA进口分装,上海行知化工厂产品,昆明种小鼠、Wistar大鼠,由贵阳市实验动物中心提供。
实验方法:1、本发明实施例1对燥结失水便秘模型小鼠的排便试验:取体重20~24g健康小鼠,雌雄各半,按体重随机分成6组,设空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(大黄通便胶囊0.5g/Kg)和本发明实施例1 (1.5g/kg,3g/kg,6g/kg)低、中、高剂量组。除空白对照组外,其他各组小鼠禁水不禁食72h,造成燥结失水便秘模型。空白对照组灌胃给予用蒸馏水配置成的2%印度墨汁混悬液,给药组则灌胃给予用药液代替蒸馏水的 2%印度墨汁混悬液,给药容积1mL/20g体重,给药后将小鼠放入小鼠盒中,每盒1只,下垫白色的干净滤纸,观察记录每只小鼠首次排出黑粪的时间 (min)和4h内小鼠排出的黑粪总数。t检验各组间差异的显著性,结果见表1。
表1本发明实施例1对燥结失水便秘模型小鼠排便的影响(x±s,n=10)
说明:同空白对照组比较:#P<0.01;同模型对照组比较:*P<0.05;**P<0.0l。
2、本发明实施例2对复方地芬诺酯(DC)模型小鼠的排便试验:动物及分组同1,各组小鼠禁水不禁食12h,除空白对照组给等量蒸馏水外,其余各组灌胃给予复方地芬诺酯(DC)混悬液50mg/kg。30min后,各组动物灌胃给予受试药物,给药体积1mL/20g体重,空白对照组及模型对照组给等量蒸馏水。观察记录每组小鼠排出的干粪点数、稀粪点数及不排便的动物数,连续观察12h,比较各组指标,t检验各组间差异的显著性,结果见表2。
表2本发明实施例2对DC便秘模型小鼠排便的影响(x±s,n=10)
说明:同空白对照组比较:#P<0.01;同模型对照组比较:*P<0.05;**P<0.0l。
3、本发明实施例3对正常小鼠的排便试验:取体重20~24g健康小鼠,雌雄各半,按体重随机分成5组,设空白对照组、阳性对照组(大黄通便胶囊0.5g/Kg)和本发明实施例3(1.5g/kg,3g/kg,6g/kg)低、中、高剂量组。空白对照组灌胃给予用蒸馏水配置成的2%印度墨汁混悬液,给药组则灌胃给予用药液代替蒸馏水配置成的2%印度墨汁混悬液,给药容积为 1mL/20g体重。给药后将小鼠放入小鼠盒中,每盒1只,下垫白色干净滤纸,观察记录每只小鼠首次排出黑粪的时间(min)和4h内小鼠排出黑粪的总数。 t检验各组间差异的显著性,结果见表3。
表3本发明实施例3对正常小鼠排便的影响(x±s,n=10)
说明:同模型对照组比较:*P<0.05;**P<0.0l。
4、本发明实施例1对小鼠肠容积影响试验:动物及分组同3,禁食不禁水12h后,各组按剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组给等量蒸馏水,给药容积 1mL/20g体重。给药2.5h后将动物断颈椎处死,剪开腹腔,暴露肠管,在幽门下端和回盲部结扎,自幽门处剪下肠管,小心用小剪刀沿肠管向下剪下肠系膜,在回盲部剪断肠管,于电子天平上准确称量肠管重量。t检验各组间差异的显著性,结果见表4。
表4本发明实施例1对小鼠肠容积的影响(x±s,n=10)
说明:同模型对照组比较:*P<0.05。
5、本发明实施例1对小鼠润肠通便作用实验:动物及分组同3,各组按剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组给等量蒸馏水,给药容积1mL/20g体重。给药后将小鼠放入小鼠盒中,每盒1只,下垫白色干净滤纸,记录4h内第1次出现软便、溏便、稀便的时间及性质,以软便代表润肠作用,以溏便代表通便作用,以稀便代表泻下作用。软便指粪成形,但松软膨大含水分较多,溏便略成形或不成形,稀糊状,稀便稀糊状或水液。t检验各组间差异的显著性,结果见表5。
表5本发明实施例1对小鼠润肠通便的影响(x±s,n=10)
说明:同模型对照组比较:*P<0.05;**P<0.0l。
结果显示:本发明实施例的中、高剂量可使燥结失水便秘模型小鼠首次排出黑粪的时间缩短,小鼠4h内排出黑粪色点总的干粪点数增多,不排便的动物数减少,高剂量可使DC便秘模型小鼠12h内排出的干粪点数增多,稀粪点数增多,不排便的动物数减少;与模型对照组比较,其差异均有统计学意义。本发明实施例的中剂量可使正常小鼠4h内排出黑粪色点总数增多,高剂量可使正常小鼠首次排出黑粪的时间缩短,小鼠4h内排出黑粪色点总数增多,与空白对照组比较,其差异亦有统计学意义,提示本发明实施例对燥结失水便秘模型小鼠、DC便秘模型鼠及正常小鼠均有较显著的促进动物排泄的泻下作用。本发明实施例的中、高剂量能明显增加小鼠小肠水分含量,使小鼠肠管重量增大,肠道容积变大,使小鼠出现软便、溏便时间明显缩短,与空白对照组比较,其差异均有统计学意义,提示本发明实施例有较明显的减少肠道对水分吸收、使大便软化的润肠通便作用。以上结果表明,本发明实施例有较强的促进动物排便和润肠通便作用,因此,在临床上对便秘有一定的价值。
试验例2 1、本发明实施例1治疗便秘的临床疗效观察:
一般资料:便秘患者共100例,按数字法随机分为两组,治疗组50例,男23例,女27例,平均年龄43.2岁;对照组50例,男30例,女20例,平均年龄51岁。两组病例的年龄、性别及一般资料差异无统计学意义。
诊断标准:根据《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,排便时间延长,二天以上一次,粪便干燥坚硬;重者大便艰难,干燥如栗,可伴少腹胀急,神倦乏力,胃纳减退等症。
排除标准:排除肠道器质性疾病。
治疗方法:治疗组:采用本发明实施例4,口服;一次1.5g,一日3次。对照组:大黄通便胶囊,0.9g/次,1天1次,晚睡前温开水送服。两组均以治疗15天为1个疗程,1个疗程结束统计治疗结果。
临床疗效评定标准:根据《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,治愈:2天以内排便1次,便质转润,解时通畅,短期无复发;好转:3天以内排便,便质转润,排便欠畅;未愈:症状无改善。治愈加好转合计为总有效率。
临床观察结果见表6。
表6两组疗效比较(例,%)
注:与对照组比较:*P<0.05。
不良反应:两组治疗过程中无不良反应;两组疗程结束后复查肝肾功能均正常。
临床观察结果表明:本发明实施例治疗便秘疗效确切,值得临床推广使用,具有一定的应用前景。
2、本发明实施例5治疗慢性便秘的临床疗效观察:
一般资料:80例患者,均符合便秘的罗马Ⅱ诊断标准和中华医学会便秘诊治暂行标准中慢性便秘诊断标准。其中男42例,女38例,年龄28~65 岁,平均50.5岁,病程1.5~8年,平均病程20.5个月。
治疗方法:采用本发明实施例5,口服;一次1.5g,一日3次。15天为1 疗程。
临床疗效评定标准:根据卫生部新药临床研究指导原则进行评定。(1) 显效:服药后3天内达到下述指标:①排便次数恢复正常;②粪便性状转为正常;③排便通畅而无困难,排便时无不适感。(2)有效:显效中所列的3 项指标中达到1~2项者。(3)无效:服药3天后,上述指标与治疗前均无明显差异。
治疗结果:本组80例病人,疗程结束后,显效54例(67.5%);有效22 例(27.5%);无效4例(5.00%)。总有效率95.00%。60天后电话回访显效54 例仍显效48例;在有效22例中仍有效17例。即60天后总有效率81.25%。
治疗结果表明:本发明治疗便秘疗效确切,值得临床推广使用。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作出一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗便秘的提取物,其特征在于,该提取物由以下重量份的药物组成:忍冬藤200~700份、苦参100~500份、黄柏30~80份、五倍子90~300份、蛇床子和地瓜藤各100~400份,其活性成分为:忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物,蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物,黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提取物,其特征在于,所述的忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物由以下方法制备:忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入5~8倍量60~85%乙醇浸泡2~4小时,加热回流2~4次,每次提取时间为2~5小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的5~8倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提取物,其特征在于,所述的蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物由以下方法制备:蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入5~8倍量70~90%乙醇,加热回流2~4次,每次提取时间为2~5小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入3~6倍量的水,煮沸提取3~4次,每次2~4小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提取物,其特征在于,所述的黄柏、五倍子醇提取物由以下方法制备:黄柏、五倍子切片,加入5~7倍量70%~95%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为:0.5~1小时,加热回流提取2~4次,每次提取时间2~4小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提取物,其特征在于该提取物由以下方法制备:
1)所述的忍冬藤、苦参醇提取物由以下方法制备:忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,忍冬藤、苦参粉碎成粗粉,过20目筛,加入6倍量70%乙醇浸泡3小时,加热回流3次,每次提取时间为4小时,第2次及以后次数的乙醇用量为药材重量的7倍,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至在50~70℃条件下相对密度为1.10~1.30,真空干燥得提取物备用。
2)蛇床子和地瓜藤醇水提取混合物由以下方法制备:蛇床子和地瓜藤切片,加入7倍量80%乙醇,加热回流3次,每次提取时间为4小时,过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,即得乙醇提取物备用;收集药渣,药渣加入5倍量的水,煮沸提取3次,每次3小时,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25的浸膏,真空干燥即得水提取物备用,将乙醇提取物与水提取物混合,得醇水提取混合物。
3)所述的黄柏、五倍子醇提取物由以下方法制备:黄柏、五倍子切片,加入6倍量80%乙醇浸泡,浸泡时间为:0.5小时,加热回流提取3次,每次提取时间3小时,合并提取液,抽滤,收集滤液,水蒸气蒸出滤液中的溶剂,得黄柏、五倍子醇提取物;
4)将步骤1)至3)所得的提取物,混合均匀,即得治疗便秘的提取物。
6.含权利要求1或5所述提取物的制剂,其特征在于,该制剂由所述提取物和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂组成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的提取物的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂为固体制剂或液体制剂,所述固体制剂为片、胶囊、颗粒或丸剂;所述液体制剂为口服液或注射剂,所述注射剂为注射液、注射用冻干粉针或注射用无菌粉末。
8.根据权利要求1所述的提取物及权利要求6所述的含提取物的制剂在制备治疗便秘的药物中的应用。
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