CN107668696A - 一种灵芝酵素的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌,糖源,沙棘、枸杞、蓝莓、葡萄、桑葚等药食同源食品发酵,再经过滤、灭菌而得。本发明的优点在于:提高了灵芝的利用率,减少污染物的排放;发酵时间周期短,工艺环节少,简单易操作,可节省投资和运行费用;添加药食同源的食品,增加了灵芝酵素的营养成分,改善了口味,适用人群更加普遍。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品领域,具体涉及一种灵芝酵素的制备方法。
背景技术
灵芝,外形呈伞状,菌盖肾形、半圆形或近圆形,为多孔菌科真菌灵芝的子实体。具有补气安神、止咳平喘的功效,用于眩晕不眠、心悸气短、虚劳咳喘。灵芝已实现人工种植。灵芝药用在我国已有2000多年的历史,被历代医药家视为滋补强壮、扶正固本的神奇珍品。已知灵芝属真菌约100余种,分布最广的为赤芝,其次为紫芝,还有树舌)、松杉灵芝和簿树芝等均供药用。经过大量临床研究,灵芝对神经衰弱、高脂血症、冠心病心绞痛、心律失常、克山病、高原不适症、肝炎、出血热、消化不良、气管炎等各有不同程度的疗效。药理研究证明,灵芝有多方面的生物活性。主要含氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、真菌溶菌酶,以及糖类(还原糖和多糖)、麦角甾醇、三萜类、香豆精甙、挥发油、硬脂酸、苯甲酸、生物碱、维生素B2及C等;孢子还含甘露醇、海藻糖。
传统的灵芝水提工艺可将灵芝中大部分的多糖、氨基酸等物质提取,提取后的灵芝只能作为废弃物处理。经过检测,水提后的灵芝中仍含有部分氨基酸、糖类、麦角甾醇、三萜类、生物碱、维生素等物质,作为固废丢弃是在可惜,需要一种办法来充分利用这些废渣,达到资源利用最大化,污染最小化的目的。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源通过发酵来制取灵芝酵素的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。
一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎,取干燥后的灵芝粉20~50份加入发酵罐,再加入配料10~30份、水150~240份、糖源1~5份,配成发酵原液;所述配料为药食同源食品;
(2)将益生菌经MRS培养基培养18~24h,得发酵菌种液;
(3)将占发酵原液体积1~5%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中发酵;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液过滤、灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
进一步地所述步骤(1)中灵芝粉粉碎至80~200目。
进一步地所述步骤(1)中药食同源食品为沙棘、枸杞、蓝莓、葡萄、桑葚中的一种。
进一步地所述步骤(1)中糖源为蜂蜜、异麦芽酮糖中的一种。
进一步地所述步骤(2)中益生菌为嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌分别经MRS培养基培养后按体积比1~5:1~5:1~5混合。
进一步地所述步骤(3)中在发酵罐中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度。
进一步地所述步骤(4)中,采用孔径为0.5~1μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
进一步地所述步骤(4)中,采用管道110℃高温灭菌
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1)提高了灵芝的利用率,减少污染物的排放;
2)发酵时间周期短,工艺环节少,简单易操作,可节省投资和运行费用;
3)添加药食同源的食品,增加了灵芝酵素的营养成分,改善了口味,适用人群更加普遍。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。本发明所用的原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎至80目,取干燥后的灵芝粉20份加入发酵罐,再加入沙棘30份、水150份、蜂蜜5份,配成发酵原液;
(2)分别取嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌一环在平板上划线,在培养箱中30℃培养24小时;取MRS固体培养基平板所长出的纯菌落一环接入装有300ml种子培养液的三角瓶中,置于摇床,培养条件:转速80rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养18~24小时,得发酵种子液,嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌的菌种液按体积比2:1:1混合;
(3)将占发酵原液体积1%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液用孔径为0.5μm的微孔滤膜过滤、经管道110℃高温灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
经检测每100g灵芝酵素中含有灵芝多糖4.1g、三萜类1.3g,维生素C 75mg,维生素E 45mg。
实施例2
一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎至200目,取干燥后的灵芝粉50份加入发酵罐,再加入枸杞30份、水240份、异麦芽酮糖4份,配成发酵原液;
(2)分别取嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌一环在平板上划线,在培养箱中30℃培养24小时;取MRS固体培养基平板所长出的纯菌落一环接入装有300ml种子培养液的三角瓶中,置于摇床,培养条件:转速80rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养18~24小时,得发酵种子液,嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌的菌种液按体积比1:2:3混合;
(3)将占发酵原液体积5%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液用孔径为1μm的微孔滤膜过滤、经管道110℃高温灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
经检测每100g灵芝酵素中含有灵芝多糖10.3g、三萜类3.3g,甜菜碱1.4g, 维生素C 24mg。
实施例3
一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎至150目,取干燥后的灵芝粉30份加入发酵罐,再加入蓝莓20份、水200份、异麦芽酮糖3份,配成发酵原液;
(2)分别取嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌一环在平板上划线,在培养箱中30℃培养24小时;取MRS固体培养基平板所长出的纯菌落一环接入装有300ml种子培养液的三角瓶中,置于摇床,培养条件:转速80rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养18~24小时,得发酵种子液,嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌的菌种液按体积比5:4:2混合;
(3)将占发酵原液体积3%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液用孔径为1μm的微孔滤膜过滤、经管道110℃高温灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
经检测每100g灵芝酵素中含有灵芝多糖6.2g、三萜类2.0g,花青素40mg。
实施例4
一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎至200目,取干燥后的灵芝粉40份加入发酵罐,再加入葡萄15份、水200份、蜂蜜2份,配成发酵原液;
(2)分别取嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌一环在平板上划线,在培养箱中30℃培养24小时;取MRS固体培养基平板所长出的纯菌落一环接入装有300ml种子培养液的三角瓶中,置于摇床,培养条件:转速80rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养18~24小时,得发酵种子液,嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌的菌种液按体积比4:5:3混合;
(3)将占发酵原液体积4%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液用孔径为0.5~1μm的微孔滤膜过滤、经管道110℃高温灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
经检测每100g灵芝酵素中含有灵芝多糖8.4g、三萜类2.6g,花青素16mg。
实施例5
一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎至100目,取干燥后的灵芝粉50份加入发酵罐,再加入桑葚10份、水180份、异麦芽酮糖1份,配成发酵原液;
(2)分别取嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌一环在平板上划线,在培养箱中30℃培养24小时;取MRS固体培养基平板所长出的纯菌落一环接入装有300ml种子培养液的三角瓶中,置于摇床,培养条件:转速80rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养18~24小时,得发酵种子液,嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌的菌种液按体积比3:1:5混合;
(3)将占发酵原液体积2%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液用孔径为0.5~1μm的微孔滤膜过滤、经管道110℃高温灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
经检测每100g灵芝酵素中含有灵芝多糖10.3g、三萜类3.3g,花青素11mg。
本发明按照上述实施例进行了说明,应当理解,上述实施例不以任何形式限定本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,使用已经过水提后的灵芝为主要原料,添加益生菌、糖源发酵制备,具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将已经过水提后的灵芝,烘干,粉碎,取干燥后的灵芝粉20~50份加入发酵罐,再加入配料10~30份、水150~240份、糖源1~5份,配成发酵原液;所述配料为药食同源食品;
(2)将益生菌经MRS培养基培养18~24h,得发酵菌种液;
(3)将占发酵原液体积1~5%的发酵菌种液加入发酵原液中发酵;
(4)将发酵后的发酵液过滤、灭菌,得灵芝酵素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中灵芝粉粉碎至80~200目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中药食同源食品为沙棘、枸杞、蓝莓、葡萄、桑葚中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中糖源为蜂蜜、异麦芽酮糖中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中益生菌为嗜酸乳酸菌、短双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌分别经MRS培养基培养后按体积比1~5:1~5:1~5混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中在发酵罐中恒温37.5度发酵,发酵3-5个月,每日搅拌翻缸一次,并在线监测酸碱度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中,采用孔径为0.5~1μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种灵芝酵素的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中,采用管道110℃高温灭菌。
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