CN107661309A - 一种组合型渗透泵制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5084—Mixtures of one or more drugs in different galenical forms, at least one of which being granules, microcapsules or (coated) microparticles according to A61K9/16 or A61K9/50, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern or for combining different drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
- A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5089—Processes
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂包括:胶囊,呈中空囊状,容置内容物,由可分离及结合在一起的囊帽和囊体两部分构成;内容物,包括至少一个含药片芯和至少一个助推片芯;胶囊环状涂层,环绕胶囊封口缝隙的涂层;缓释衣膜,包裹胶囊形成的半透膜;以及释药孔,包裹缓释衣层的胶囊设置有释药小孔,小孔直径为0.1~1.0mm,优选为0.3~0.7mm。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合型渗透泵制剂及其制备方法,属于药物制剂领域。
背景技术
渗透泵型控释制剂作为缓控释制剂的典型代表,是以渗透压作为释药动力,以零级释放动力学为特征的一种制剂技术,已成为目前国内外研究开发的热点。其中,渗透泵型控释片是口服渗透泵型控释制剂中最常见的剂型。
渗透泵制剂的研究始于20世纪50年代,发展于70年代,至今国外已有20余个上市产品,主要用于心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、尿失禁、抑郁症、镇痛等治疗。国内研发并生产的渗透泵片有硝苯地平控释片(商品名:欣然,上海现代制药股份有限公司)、格列吡嗪控释片(商品名:智唐,山东万杰高科技股份有限公司制药厂)、硫酸沙丁胺醇控释片(商品名:惠百释,北京中惠药业有限公司)、非洛地平控释片(商品名:立诺,合肥立方制药有限公司)和氯化钾缓释片(商品名:补达秀,广州迈特兴华制药长有限公司),国外上市重要产品见如下表一。
表一国外上市渗透泵控释片重要产品
从渗透泵的发展来看,大致可分为三代:单室渗透泵、双室渗透泵、纵向多层渗透泵。绝大多数产品是由AlZA公司开发上市的。
单室渗透泵一般用于易溶性药物,是由片芯和包衣膜两部分组成,片芯是由药物和具有高渗透性物质组成,包衣膜多是由醋酸纤维素或乙基纤维素等高分子材料形成的刚性半透膜,半透膜上通常用激光或其他机械力打一个或多个释药小孔作为药物的输出通道。使用时片芯中的高渗性物质溶解后产生高渗透压,与半透膜外形成静压差,从而使水份进入速度与药物的混悬液或溶液释放速度相等。Liu等研究了硝苯地平与聚氧乙烯(PEO)制成的单室高分子渗透泵的释放情况,并对PEO的分子量和用量、KCl的用量、载药量、释药孔径以及膜组成等多个因素对释放的影响进行了考察。国内,王孝俊等以盐酸普罗帕酮为模型药物,以阿拉伯胶为主辅料,也制成了单层渗透泵控释片。但是,单室渗透泵控释片主要适用于水溶性好的药物,因而难以替代多室渗透泵片。
多室渗透泵至少由两层组成:含药层和助推层。含药层是由药物和渗透促进剂及助悬剂组成,动力室是由一种或几种可溶胀的高分子材料及渗透促进剂组成。使用时,水分由半透膜进入到片芯,使得含药层吸水软化,而助推层的高分子材料吸水膨胀,对药室产生挤压,使药物由释药小孔释放。保持渗透压恒定,即能保持水份进入片芯的速度恒定,进而使高分子材料吸水膨胀的速率恒定,达到释药速率恒定。因此双室渗透泵控释片同样需维持持久恒定的渗透压才能保证药物以恒定的速率释放。此外无论药物以溶剂或混悬液形式存在,均可被膨胀的助推层挤压出半透膜,不像单室渗透泵控释片在递送难容性药物时,出现渗透促进剂与药物分离,使药物残留在片芯的现象。所以多室渗透泵适用于各种类型的药物,与单室渗透泵控释片相比,其在难溶性药物递送方面有着更加明显的优势。人们习惯性的将单室渗透泵称为初级渗透泵。而目前成功上市的渗透泵制剂大多为双室渗透泵片。成功案例包括德国拜耳公司开发的硝苯地平双室型渗透泵片,美国辉瑞公司开发的格列吡嗪双室型控释片。可以说,双层渗透泵制剂技术是目前难溶性药物制成渗透泵型制剂最为成熟、最适宜工业化生产的方法。但双室渗透泵也存在缺陷,如药物残留量大,绝大多数已上市的双室渗透泵含量均在105~115%范围内,由于片芯死角,部分药物很难被推出,残留在片芯内。
纵向多层渗透泵是由ALZA公司近年来在双室渗透泵的缺陷改进而来的,其成功应用在盐酸帕利哌酮控释片上,并申请了专利03822948X,其结构是3层控释衣膜片,有两个释药小孔,片芯中含有2层含药层(含药比例为1∶2),1层助推层,其中一层含药层的活性成分浓度较低,可以早期释放部分药物,第二含药层活性成分浓度较高,避免了双层渗透泵制剂在释放中后期释放速率下降的问题,实验发现其在4~20小时区间内呈零级释放,由于其两个含药层,在设计药物分配上具备了更大的灵活性,片芯直径小,因此横截面很小(5mm),药物残留量明显低于双室渗透泵。但整个片芯是三层片,压片工艺极其繁琐,较难进行产品质量控制,由于三室渗透泵控释片制备工艺非常繁琐,限制了产品的开发。于景敏等研究了一种组合型渗透泵制剂及其制备方法,采用多片组合填充胶囊的方式实现纵向多层渗透泵技术,其优势在于可以实现:(1)单一药物的零级释放或递增型释放;(2)两种药物的零级释放;(3)时辰给药;(4)提高渗透泵制剂的载药量。从制剂角度看,该研究设计得非常巧妙,但也有一缺陷在于:该研究为了在包缓释衣前使胶囊形成连续完整的整体,采用包隔离衣的方式以填平胶囊封口形成的缝隙。由于缝隙较大,需要隔离衣的增重很大,以形成一定的厚度才能桥接缝隙形成连续完整的整体。这样一来,包完隔离衣后的胶囊变粗,不仅有碍于美观,而且还造成水分进入胶囊内部的时间延长,片芯被浸润的时间滞后,导致药物释放延迟。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供了一种组合型渗透泵制剂,所述制剂包括:
胶囊,呈中空囊状,容置内容物,由可分离及结合在一起的囊帽和囊体两部分构成;
内容物,包括至少一个含药片芯和至少一个助推片芯;
胶囊封口涂层,包裹环绕胶囊封口缝隙的涂层;
缓释衣膜,包裹胶囊以形成半透膜;以及
释药孔,包裹缓释衣膜的胶囊设置有释药小孔,小孔直径为0.1~1.0mm,优选为0.3~0.7mm。
优选的,所述胶囊环状涂层包含黏性材料、稀释剂、抗黏剂和着色剂。涂层增重为胶囊结合后总重的0.1~2%。
更优选的,所述黏性材料选自黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、明胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素中的一种或几种,其中优选为羟丙纤维素。
更优选的,所述黏性材料在胶囊环状涂层上胶液中的固含量质量百分比为0.1~30%,其中优选为1~20%
更优选的,所述稀释剂选自蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、氯化钠、氯化钾、磷酸氢钙、聚乙二醇中的一种或几种,其中优选为蔗糖。
更优选的,所述稀释剂在胶囊环状涂层上胶液中的固含量质量百分比为1~20%,其中优选为5~10%。
更优选的,所述抗黏剂选自滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、二氧化硅中一种或几种。
更优选的,所述着色剂选自二氧化钛、氧化铁、日落黄、胭脂红、铝色淀等的一种或几种。
依照本发明的组合型渗透泵制剂,与现有技术相比具有以下优势:
一、本发明继承了于景敏等研究的《一种组合型渗透泵制剂及其制备方法》专利中的所有优势。
二、本发明在于景敏等研究的《一种组合型渗透泵制剂及其制备方法》专利的基础上,开拓了新的优势:
1、本发明采用胶囊环状涂层的方式成功解决了胶囊封口缝隙引起的包衣前胶囊为不连续整体的问题,相比采用包隔离衣的方式而言,本发明阐述的方法实现胶囊完整性更为快速,从环状涂层上胶到固化仅仅几分钟的时间,而采用包隔离衣的方式则需要几个小时的时间,生产周期大大缩短;并且大大节省了物料、水电的成本。此外,由于包隔离衣的方式要长时间使胶囊处于湿热并存的环境中,如果药物对湿热敏感,该方法不能实施,而环状涂层可在室温下自然干燥,有利于药物的稳定性。
2、本发明不仅快速解决了胶囊封口后不连续的问题,重要的是本发明阐述方法缩减了渗透泵制剂释放延迟的时间。由于胶囊本身具有细而长的特点,相比片剂而言,胶囊的横截面积更小,水分渗透胶囊内容物的时间缩短,内容物吸水后迅速膨胀,使药物释放的启动时间提前,1h左右便有药物释放,而一般渗透泵制剂约有2h的释放延迟。
本发明中在胶囊的囊帽和囊体结合处设置了环状涂层,其主要目的是,胶囊的囊体和囊帽结合后,囊帽外层与囊体形成了0.5mm左右的缝隙,正是这样的缝隙给缓释包衣带来了极大的挑战,因为包衣液中固含量较低,很难在囊体和囊帽的缝隙处形成连续衣膜,造成缓释衣膜不连续,在释放过程中胶囊内容物吸水膨胀,将本就结合不牢的囊帽和囊体推开,导致药物突释。因此在包缓释衣之前,需要解决胶囊不连续的问题,最为快捷方式的是在胶囊结合处用胶液填平,干燥后形成一圈连续的涂层,使其完全覆盖囊体和囊帽之间的缝隙,从而使胶囊在包缓释衣之前成为一个连续的整体。
胶囊环状涂层所用的上胶液可以是水性的,也可以是醇性的,无论是水性的还是醇性的,上胶液中均可添加优选的稀释剂,提高上胶液的固含量,实现2次以内的上胶操作,即可形成使胶囊成为连续整体的环状涂层。胶囊环状涂层中的黏性材料,选择优选的明胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素中的一种或几种,用水溶解包裹缓释衣后制备成渗透泵控释制剂,其释放过程中,水分从半透膜进入,溶解囊壳和封口涂层后,才能继续溶解胶囊内部的片芯。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的优选实施方式的组合型渗透泵制剂的结构示意图;
图2是实施例1的释放曲线图;
图3是实施例2的释放曲线图;
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域的技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1帕利哌酮控释胶囊
制备工艺
一、片芯
1、含药片芯(1)/含药片芯(2)
(1)原辅料预处理:将原料药过100目筛,蔗糖粉碎过80目筛,黄氧化铁过60目筛,备用;
(2)混合:称取处方量3000片的原辅料,置湿法制粒机中混合均匀;
(3)制粒:蠕动泵进液速度设为15rpm,雾化压力0.1bar。喷入适量的润湿剂,制成湿度适中的颗粒。
(4)干燥:将湿颗粒置流化床中45℃干燥1h;
(5)整粒:将干颗粒过30目不锈钢筛网整粒;
(6)总混:加入硬脂酸镁混合均匀;
(7)压片:采用单冲压片机进行压片,浅凹圆形冲头,直径5mm。算出片芯的理论片重进行压片,硬度控制在20~40N。
2、助推片芯
(1)原辅料预处理:将蔗糖粉碎过80目筛,聚氧乙烯WSR-303(分子量700万)和红氧化铁分别过60目筛,备用;
(2)其他操作同含药片芯。
二、胶囊填充
胶囊为3#HMPC胶囊,填充顺序:助推片芯→含药片芯(2)→含药片芯(1)。
三、环状涂层
环状涂层胶液的配制:称取处方量的水,40℃水浴,搅拌下加入处方量的明胶使溶解,再加入滑石粉搅拌使分散均匀。
采用手工涂抹或硬胶囊上胶封口机对胶囊封口进行环状涂层,分别增重0.2%、0.5%、1.0%,室温晾干。
四、缓释衣
将进行环状涂层处理后的胶囊置高效包衣机中进行包衣,设定以下参数。
供风温度:40℃;
主机转速:3→10rpm;
雾化压力:0.1bar;
喷枪直径:0.8mm;
进液速度:14→18rpm;
包衣增重:13%;
热处理:包衣锅内40℃热处理1h;
激光打孔:在囊帽端打一直径为0.5mm的小孔。
包衣增重及释放度测定结果
涂层增重 | 缓释衣增重 | 2h | 4h | 8h | 12h | 14h | 18h | 24h |
0.2% | 13.2% | 3.2 | 8.2 | 24.4 | 48.2 | 62.8 | 86.6 | 100.5 |
0.5% | 13.1% | 3.6 | 8.4 | 25.2 | 49.3 | 65.2 | 87.2 | 99.8 |
1.0% | 13.3% | 4.1 | 9.0 | 23.8 | 47.4 | 63.3 | 86.2 | 100.2 |
结论:在片芯处方相同,缓释包衣增重相同的情况下,即使环状涂层仅有较小的增重,仍然能够实现胶囊缝隙的填平,使胶囊形成一个连续的整体,为缓释衣膜的完整性提供了保障,避免了片芯吸水膨胀造成囊帽和囊体分离而引起的突释。
实施例2帕利哌酮控释胶囊
制备工艺
一、片芯
同实施例1。
二、胶囊填充
同实施例1。
三、环状涂层
环状涂层胶液的配制:称取处方量的乙醇,搅拌下加入处方量的羟丙纤维素-SL使溶解,既得处方F2的环状涂层胶液;继续加入粉碎后的蔗糖,搅拌使分散均匀,得处方F3的环状涂层胶液。
采用手工涂抹或硬胶囊上胶封口机对胶囊封口进行环状涂层,均匀涂抹1次,室温晾干。
四、缓释衣
同实施例1。
包衣增重及释放度测定结果
处方 | 缓释衣增重 | 2h | 4h | 8h | 12h | 14h | 18h | 24h |
F2 | 13.3% | 3.8 | 8.6 | 23.5 | 48.6 | 64.8 | 86.0 | 99.5 |
F3 | 13.0% | 4.2 | 9.1 | 25.1 | 50.3 | 65.4 | 87.7 | 100 |
结论:处方F2与F1相比,F2由于环状涂层的固含量大,仅需要1次均匀的涂抹便可实现封口的填平,而F1需要多次涂抹,使环状涂层达到一定增重后才能达到与F2一样的效果,故F2的效率更高,也更易操作。原因在于F2采用乙醇为溶剂,降低了黏性,固含量能提高,固含量提高后有利于胶囊缝隙的填平;此外,由于乙醇比水更容易挥发,故环状涂层干燥的时间更短,生产效率也会提高。处方F3与F2,环状涂层的固含量进一步提高,更有利于封口填平,缝隙存在的可能性进一步降低,同时又不影响产品的释放度。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。
Claims (7)
1.一种组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂包括:
胶囊,呈中空囊状,内部容置内容物,由可分离及结合在一起的至少两部分构成;
内容物,包括至少一个含药片芯和至少一个助推片芯;
胶囊环状涂层,环绕胶囊封口缝隙的涂层;
缓释衣,包裹胶囊以形成半透膜;以及
释药孔,包裹缓释衣层的胶囊设置有释药小孔,小孔直径为0.1~1.0mm,优选为0.3~0.7mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂还包括胶囊环状涂层,涂层至少应包裹所述胶囊结合部的缝隙。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述胶囊环状涂层包含黏性材料、稀释剂、抗黏剂和着色剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述黏性材料选自明胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素中的一种或几种,其中优选为明胶。
5.如权利要求3所述的组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述稀释剂选自蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、氯化钠、氯化钾、磷酸氢钙、聚乙二醇中的一种或几种,其中优选为蔗糖。
6.如权利要求3所述的组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述抗黏剂选自滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、二氧化硅中一种或几种。
7.如权利要求3所述的组合型渗透泵制剂,其特征在于,所述着色剂选自二氧化钛、氧化铁、日落黄、胭脂红、铝色淀等的一种或几种。
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CN101301281A (zh) * | 2008-06-12 | 2008-11-12 | 温州医学院 | 一种渗透泵控释胶囊壳及其制备方法 |
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