CN107640146B - 混合动力车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的控制装置 Download PDF

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CN107640146B
CN107640146B CN201710590786.0A CN201710590786A CN107640146B CN 107640146 B CN107640146 B CN 107640146B CN 201710590786 A CN201710590786 A CN 201710590786A CN 107640146 B CN107640146 B CN 107640146B
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vehicle speed
power generation
generation amount
accelerator opening
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CN107640146A (zh
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堀内敦司
安部雄生
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Suzuki Motor Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46Series type
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/14Acceleration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2250/00Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/26Driver interactions by pedal actuation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2710/0666Engine torque
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

混合动力车辆的控制装置具备:加速器开度检测部,其检测加速踏板的操作量作为加速器开度;车速检测部,其检测车速;以及控制部,其根据加速器开度和车速,决定发电机的发电量。控制部在车速为规定车速以上的情况下和车速不到规定车速的情况下变更发电机的发电量,决定发电量使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量(发电量映射B)为车速不到规定车速时的发电量(发电量映射A)以上。

Description

混合动力车辆的控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆的控制装置。
背景技术
以往,作为串联式混合动力方式的混合动力车辆,已知专利文献1记载的混合动力车辆。专利文献1记载的混合动力车辆的控制装置根据加速踏板的加速器开度和车辆速度决定驾驶员的请求发电量。
另外,在以往的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,将基于加速器开度的请求发电量加上基于电池的充电状态的发电校正量来决定发电机的发电量和用于发电的内燃机的运转状态。在该混合动力车辆的控制装置中,通过将发电校正量作为偏差作用于请求发电量,将电池的充电状态保持在规定的范围内。
另外,在以往的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,设定发电校正量,使得由于加速器开度和内燃机的运转状态的背离而给驾驶员带来的不适感最少。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2012-66624号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在这样的混合动力车辆中,驱动电动机具有如下特性:驱动电动机以高速旋转时的消耗电力比以低速旋转时的消耗电力大。因此,驱动电动机的消耗电力在高车速范围时比在低车速范围时大。
然而,在以往的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,当为了在高车速范围内进行加速而操作为大的加速器开度的情况下,发电机的发电量变大并且驱动电动机的消耗电力也变大,但是由于驱动电动机的消耗电力比发电机的发电量大,因此电池的充电状态降低。
另一方面,当为了在高车速范围内进行减速而操作为小的加速器开度的情况下,为了使驾驶员的不适感最少而将驱动电动机的消耗电力和发电机的发电量均设定得较低,因此难以使加速时所降低的量的充电状态恢复。
因此,在以往的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,当成为在高车速范围内逐个赶超多个前方车辆的运转状态的情况下,会交替地反复进行加速和减速,因此电池的充电状态有可能逐渐降低。
另外,在电池的充电状态大大地降低至规定的下限值的情况下,虽然会进行控制以避免充电状态从下限值进一步降低,但是通过实施该控制,有可能会导致车辆的动力性能受限。
因此,以往的混合动力车辆的控制装置有改善的余地,以抑制在高车速范围内的这种反复加减速行驶时电池的充电状态降低。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供能抑制在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时电池的充电状态降低的混合动力车辆的控制装置。
用于解决问题的方案
解决上述问题的混合动力车辆的控制装置的发明的一方式是一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,上述混合动力车辆具备:发电机,其由内燃机驱动发出电力;电池,其能够由上述发电机发出的电力进行充电,并且能够检测充电状态;以及用于推进车辆的驱动电动机,其由充电到上述电池的电力或由上述发电机发出的电力驱动,上述混合动力车辆的控制装置的特征在于,具备:加速器开度检测部,其检测加速踏板的操作量作为加速器开度;车速检测部,其检测车速;以及控制部,其根据上述加速器开度和上述车速,决定上述发电机的发电量,上述控制部在上述车速为规定车速以上的情况下和上述车速不到规定车速的情况下变更上述发电机的发电量,决定上述发电量使得上述车速为规定车速以上时的发电量为上述车速不到规定车速时的发电量以上。
发明效果
根据本发明的一方式,能抑制在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时电池的充电状态降低。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,是混合动力车辆的构成图。
图2是说明本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,是混合动力车辆的控制装置的构成图。
图3是说明本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,是示出滑行行驶时的车速与最低发电量的关系的图。
图4是说明本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,是示出确定了加速器开度与驾驶员请求发电量的关联的驾驶员请求发电量决定映射的图。
图5是说明本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,是说明由控制部实施的发电量决定动作的流程图。
图6是说明本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,是说明通过发电量决定动作决定的发电量的图。
图7是说明本发明的一实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置的图,示出即使在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时也会维持充电状态的图。
图8是示出以往的混合动力车辆的在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时的充电状态的经时变化的图。
附图标记说明
1 车辆(混合动力车辆)
13 内燃机
14 发电机
15 电池
16 驱动电动机
21 控制部
22 加速器开度检测部
22A 加速踏板
23 车速检测部
具体实施方式
本发明的一实施方式的混合动力车辆的控制装置是一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,混合动力车辆具备:发电机,其由内燃机驱动发出电力;电池,其能够由发电机发出的电力进行充电,并且能够检测充电状态;以及用于推进车辆的驱动电动机,其由充电到电池的电力或由发电机发出的电力驱动,混合动力车辆的控制装置具备:加速器开度检测部,其检测加速踏板的操作量作为加速器开度;车速检测部,其检测车速;以及控制部,其根据加速器开度和车速,决定发电机的发电量,控制部在车速为规定车速以上的情况下和车速不到规定车速的情况下变更发电机的发电量,决定发电量使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量为车速不到规定车速时的发电量以上。由此,本发明的一实施方式的混合动力车辆的控制装置能抑制在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时电池的充电状态降低。
[实施例1]
以下,参照附图详细说明本发明的实施例。如图1所示,搭载有本发明的实施例的控制装置的混合动力车辆(以下,简称为“车辆”)1具备内燃机13、发电机14、电池15以及用于推进车辆的驱动电动机16。
内燃机13例如由进行包括进气冲程、压缩冲程、膨胀冲程以及排气冲程的一连串的4个冲程的4冲程发动机构成。内燃机13的未图示的输出轴连结到发电机14。
发电机14由内燃机13驱动发出电力。
电池15包括能充电的二次电池。电池15通过高压电缆17电连接着发电机14。电池15构成为能由发电机14发出的电力进行充电。
另外,电池15通过高压电缆17连接着驱动电动机16。电池15构成为能向驱动电动机16供应电力。
另外,电池15通过高压电缆17电连接着包括电气设备等的电负载18。电池15也向电负载18供应电力。
电池15具备充电状态检测部15A,该充电状态检测部15A检测电池15的充电状态(SOC:State Of Charge)。这样,电池15构成为能检测其充电状态。
驱动电动机16由充电到电池15的电力或由发电机14发出的电力驱动。驱动电动机16通过左右的驱动轴19连结到左右的驱动轮20,通过使驱动轮20旋转来推进车辆1。
另外,如图1、图2所示,车辆1具备加速器开度检测部22、车速检测部23以及控制部21。
加速器开度检测部22检测加速踏板22A的操作量作为加速器开度。车速检测部23检测车速。
控制部21分别包括具备CPU(Central Processing Unit:中央处理单元)、RAM(Random Access Memory:随机存取存储器)、ROM(Read Only Memory:只读存储器)、保存备份用数据等的闪存、输入端口以及输出端口的计算机单元。
计算机单元的ROM中存储有各种常数或各种映射等以及用于使该计算机单元分别作为控制部21发挥功能的程序。
即,CPU以RAM为作业区域执行存储在ROM中的程序,由此,这些计算机单元分别作为本实施例的控制部21发挥功能。
在本实施例中,控制部21根据加速器开度和车速决定发电机14的发电量。详细地说,控制部21在车速为规定车速以上的情况下和车速不到规定车速的情况下变更发电机14的发电量。
具体地说,控制部21参照图4所示的驾驶员请求发电量决定映射,根据加速器开度决定驾驶员请求发电量。驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中确定了加速器开度与驾驶员请求发电量的关联。驾驶员请求发电量决定映射是预先通过实验等求出的,存储在控制部21的ROM中。
该驾驶员请求发电量决定映射包括:车速不到规定车速的低车速范围时参照的发电量映射A;以及车速为规定车速以上的高车速范围时参照的发电量映射B。
在驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,发电量是如下确定的:发电量映射B的发电量为发电量映射A的发电量以上。
通过参照该驾驶员请求发电量决定映射,控制部21决定发电量,使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量为车速不到规定车速时的发电量以上。
另外,在驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,在加速器开度为规定加速器开度以上的情况下,发电量映射B的发电量被确定为与发电量映射A的发电量相同的值。
通过参照该驾驶员请求发电量决定映射,控制部21在加速器开度为规定加速器开度以上的情况下,将车速为规定车速以上时的发电量和车速不到规定车速时的发电量决定为相同的值。
另外,在驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,在加速器开度不到规定加速器开度的情况下,发电量是如下确定的:发电量映射B的发电量与发电量映射A的发电量的差随着加速器开度的减小而变大。
通过参照该驾驶员请求发电量决定映射,控制部21在加速器开度不到规定加速器开度的情况下,决定发电量,使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量与车速不到规定车速时的发电量的差随着加速器开度的减小而变大。
另外,在驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,发电量是如下确定的:发电量映射B的发电量与发电量映射A的发电量的差在加速器开度为0%时(滑行行驶时)最大。
通过参照该驾驶员请求发电量决定映射,控制部21决定发电量,使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量与车速不到规定车速时的发电量的差在加速踏板未被操作的情况下为最大。
另外,在驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,发电量是如下确定的:在发电量映射B和发电量映射A这两个映射中,发电量均随着加速器开度的增加而增加。
通过参照该驾驶员请求发电量决定映射,控制部21决定发电量,使得发电量随着加速器开度的增加而增加。
在此,“规定车速以上的高车速范围”是指例如轮胎的路噪、风噪相对大的车速范围。此外,在本实施例中将1个规定车速作为阈值而参照发电量映射B或发电量映射A这2个映射的其中一个映射来决定发电量,但是也可以使用多个阈值将发电量映射精细地设定为多级。
在此,在图4的驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,加速器开度为0%时(滑行行驶时)的发电量为最低发电量。该最低发电量与车速的关系如图3所示。
在图3中,在不到作为规定车速的中速的范围即低车速范围内,采用发电量映射A,因此最低发电量为5kW。另外,在图3中,在作为规定车速的中速以上的范围即高车速范围内,采用发电量映射B,因此最低发电量为大于5kW的值。
另外,在图4的驾驶员请求发电量决定映射中,加速器开度为0%时(滑行行驶时)的发电量(最低发电量)与加速器开度为100%时的发电量的关系如图6所示。
在图6中,加速器开度为100%时的发电量在本实施例和以往时设定为作为发电机14的发电能力上限的30kW。另一方面,加速器开度为0%时的发电量在本实施例中为小于30kW的值,但是设定得比以往大。在本实施例中,加速器开度为0%时的发电量(最低发电量)设定为即使在高车速范围也能将电池15的充电状态维持为优选的值(例如30%)的发电量。
参照图5的流程图说明在以上这样构成的本实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置中控制部21实施的发电量决定动作。该发电量决定动作与控制部21的启动一起开始,按规定的控制周期反复执行。另外,发电量决定动作在电池15的充电状态为规定的下限值以上时执行。
在图5的流程图中,控制部21使车速检测部23检测车速V(步骤S1)。
接着,控制部21判别车速V是否为规定车速Vth以上(步骤S2)。
在步骤S2中判别为车速V不到规定车速Vth的情况下,控制部21采用发电量映射A(步骤S3)。
在步骤S2中判别为车速V为规定车速Vth以上的情况下,控制部21采用发电量映射B(步骤S4)。
在步骤S3或步骤S4之后,控制部21使加速器开度检测部22检测加速器开度(步骤S5)。
接着,控制部21根据在步骤S3中采用的发电量映射A或在步骤S4中采用的发电量映射B,决定发电机14的发电转矩(步骤6)。即,在该步骤S6中,控制部21基于发电量映射A或发电量映射B,根据加速器开度决定发电机14的发电量。
接着,控制部21使发电机14实施发电,使得产生在步骤S6中决定的发电转矩(步骤S7),结束图5的流程图的1次动作。此外,在步骤S7中,控制部21控制内燃机13产生与发电转矩对应的发动机转矩。
如上所示,本实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置具备:加速器开度检测部22,其检测加速踏板22A的操作量作为加速器开度;车速检测部23,其检测车速;以及控制部21,其根据加速器开度和车速,决定发电机14的发电量。
并且,控制部21在车速为规定车速以上的情况下和车速不到规定车速的情况下变更发电机14的发电量,决定发电量使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量为车速不到规定车速时的发电量以上。
根据该构成,在规定车速以上的高车速范围内,与不到规定车速的低车速范围时相比发电量变大,因此即使在为了逐个赶超多个前方车辆等而成为在高车速范围交替地反复加速和减速的运转状态的情况下,也能抑制电池15的充电状态逐渐降低。
具体地说,如图7所示,在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时,当加速器开度被操作为100%而车速从100km/h加速到120km/h时,由驱动电动机16消耗大的电力,因此电池15的充电状态(图中,记载为SOC)从最初的30%降低。
之后,当加速器开度被操作为0%而车速从120km/h减速到100km/h时(滑行时),根据与高车速对应的发电量映射B决定发电量。并且,与加速器开度为0%的情况对应的最低发电量是对于恢复电池15的充电状态来说足够大的值,因此能将充电状态恢复为30%。
其结果是,本实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置能抑制在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时电池15的充电状态降低。
此外,在本实施例中,为了在加速器开度为0%的情况下也使发电量增加,内燃机13的运转状态与以往相比是更加高旋转、高负荷,但是由于在高车速范围内产生大的路噪,因此驾驶员不会将内燃机13的运转声识别为噪声。因此,即使加速器开度和内燃机的运转状态不一致,也不会给驾驶员带来不协调感。
另一方面,在以往的车辆中,在高车速范围内加速器开度为0%时的发电量为与低车速范围时同样小的发电量。因此,在以往的车辆中,如图8所示,在高车速范围内的反复加减速行驶时,加速器开度被操作为0%而车速从120km/h减速到100km/h时(滑行时)的发电量小。
因此,在以往的车辆中,通过在高车速范围内进行反复加减速行驶,充电状态(图中,记载为SOC)会逐渐降低。另外,在以往的车辆中,充电状态会持续降低,直到充电状态降低至规定的下限值而实施防止充电状态进一步降低的控制为止。
另外,在本实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,控制部21在加速器开度为规定加速器开度以上的情况下,将车速为规定车速以上时的发电量和车速不到规定车速时的发电量决定为相同的值,在加速器开度不到规定加速器开度的情况下,决定发电量使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量与车速不到规定车速时的发电量的差随着加速器开度的减小而变大。
根据该构成,在加速器开度为规定加速器开度以上的情况下,不管车速如何,发电量均为相同的值,因此只要加速器开度相同,发电量和内燃机13的运转状态就不会根据车速而不同。
因此,能使发电量和内燃机13的运转状态相对于加速器开度的关系与驾驶员的感觉一致,能防止给驾驶员带来不协调感。
另外,在本实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,控制部21决定发电量,使得车速为规定车速以上时的发电量与车速不到规定车速时的发电量的差在加速踏板未被操作的情况下为最大。
根据该构成,即使加速踏板未被操作而加速器开度为0%,发电量也会增加,从而使得规定车速以上时的发电量与不到规定车速时的发电量的差最大。因此,在规定车速以上的高车速范围内,能通过加速器开度为0%时的发电量的增加使由于加速而降低的充电状态恢复,能抑制充电状态降低。
另外,在本实施例的混合动力车辆的控制装置中,控制部21决定发电量,使得发电量随着加速器开度的增加而增加。
根据该构成,能将发电量和内燃机13的运转状态的变化与加速器开度的变化相匹配,因此能提高驾驶性能。
以上公开了本发明的实施例,但是显然本领域技术人员能不脱离本发明的范围地加以变更。意在将全部的这种修正和等价物包含在所附的权利要求中。

Claims (5)

1.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,上述混合动力车辆具备:
发电机,其由内燃机驱动发出电力;
电池,其能够由上述发电机发出的电力进行充电,并且能够检测充电状态;以及
用于推进车辆的驱动电动机,其由充电到上述电池的电力或由上述发电机发出的电力驱动,
上述混合动力车辆的控制装置的特征在于,具备:
加速器开度检测部,其检测加速踏板的操作量作为加速器开度;
车速检测部,其检测车速;以及
控制部,其根据上述加速器开度和上述车速,决定上述发电机的发电量,
上述控制部
在上述车速为表示高车速范围的规定车速以上的情况下和上述车速低于上述高车速范围的不到规定车速的情况下变更上述发电机的发电量,
决定上述发电量,使得上述车速为表示高车速范围的规定车速以上时的发电量为上述车速低于上述高车速范围的不到规定车速时的发电量以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
上述控制部
在上述加速器开度为规定加速器开度以上的情况下,将上述车速为规定车速以上时的发电量和上述车速不到规定车速时的发电量决定为相同的值,
在上述加速器开度不到规定加速器开度的情况下,决定上述发电量,使得上述车速为规定车速以上时的发电量与上述车速不到规定车速时的发电量的差随着上述加速器开度的减小而变大。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
上述控制部决定上述发电量,使得上述车速为规定车速以上时的发电量与上述车速不到规定车速时的发电量的差在上述加速踏板未被操作的情况下为最大。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
上述控制部决定上述发电量,使得上述发电量随着上述加速器开度的增加而增加。
5.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
上述控制部决定上述发电量,使得上述发电量随着上述加速器开度的增加而增加。
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