CN107636353B - 末级驱动器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种搭载于车辆的末级驱动器,具备:差动齿轮组,其从传动轴向一对车轴差动地分配上述转矩;离合器,其能够绕旋转轴旋转且与上述差动齿轮组结合;凸轮机构,其具备无法绕上述旋转轴转动且配置为沿上述旋转轴朝向上述离合器移动来施加紧固力的凸轮盘、和能够绕上述旋转轴旋转的凸轮齿轮,并将上述凸轮齿轮的旋转变换成上述凸轮盘的沿上述旋转轴的按压力;齿轮组,其与上述凸轮齿轮啮合并使之旋转;外壳,其划分出单独的室并将上述差动齿轮组、上述离合器、上述凸轮机构及上述齿轮组容纳在上述单独的室内;以及马达,其位于上述外壳外且配置于上方以此来利用上述外壳与上述路面隔开,且为了驱动上述齿轮组与上述齿轮组结合。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及将传动轴的转矩分配至驱动轮的末级驱动器,尤其涉及具备电动马达且相对于从路面飞来的石头、泥或者水具有耐受性的末级驱动器。
背景技术
众所周知,例如在后轮驱动(FR)型汽车中,发动机以及/或者马达所产生的转矩从变速器经由传动轴而传递至末级驱动器。末级驱动器内置有差动齿轮组,将该转矩差动地分配至右以及左驱动轮。
末级驱动器有时还包括离合器来限制差动齿轮组的差动,并且有时利用电动马达来对离合器进行操作。由于电动马达驱动离合器所需的驱动力不足,所以通常与减速齿轮组合来使用。专利文献1、2公开相关的技术。
由于末级驱动器以面向路面的方式搭载于车辆的下部,所以平常暴露在从路面飞来的石头、泥或者水中,从而电动马达容易受到它们所引起的不良影响。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利申请公开平02-173424号
专利文献2:日本专利申请公开2002-262511号
发明内容
将电动马达配置于末级驱动器的何处在耐久性方面是重要的因素。根据专利文献1所公开的技术,由于电动马达以及减速齿轮相比外壳能够配置于上方,所以难以受到石头、泥或者水所引起的不良影响。但是,在该情况下,由于外壳内的润滑油不能充分到达减速齿轮,所以需要与外壳内分体的润滑系统。即、在专利文献1所公开的技术中,在从末级驱动器独立的其它外壳内收纳减速齿轮,并需要在此封入润滑脂之类的润滑剂。由于从减速齿轮的外壳被引出并贯穿插入末级驱动器的外壳的轴起到传递驱动力的作用,所以需要注意轴的对位。并且,外壳彼此的固定容易产生问题,进一步有尘埃从结合部侵入的担忧。耐久性不一定良好。
若如专利文献2所公开的技术那样将电动马达配置于外壳的下方,则能够将外壳内的润滑油也供给至减速齿轮。然而,电动马达当然直接暴露在从路面飞来的石头、泥或者水中。
所公开的技术是鉴于这些问题而制造出的。根据第一方案是一种末级驱动器,其以面向路面的方式搭载于车辆,并从传动轴向一对车轴传递转矩,上述末级驱动器具备:差动齿轮组,其从上述传动轴向上述一对车轴差动地分配上述转矩;离合器,其能够绕旋转轴旋转,且与上述差动齿轮组结合;凸轮机构,其具备凸轮盘和凸轮齿轮,其中,上述凸轮盘无法绕上述旋转轴转动,且配置为沿上述旋转轴朝向上述离合器移动来施加紧固力,上述凸轮齿轮能够绕上述旋转轴旋转,上述凸轮机构将上述凸轮齿轮的旋转变换成上述凸轮盘的沿上述旋转轴的按压力;齿轮组,其与上述凸轮齿轮啮合并使之旋转;外壳,其划分出单独的室,并将上述差动齿轮组、上述离合器、上述凸轮机构、以及上述齿轮组容纳在上述单独的室内;以及马达,其位于上述外壳外且配置于上方以此来利用上述外壳而与上述路面隔开,并且为了驱动上述齿轮组而与上述齿轮组结合。
附图说明
图1是一实施方式的末级驱动器的侧视图。
图2是从前方观察的上述末级驱动器的正视图。
图3是从图1的III-III线提取出的俯视剖视图。
图4是从图1的IV-IV线提取出的局部剖视图,是主要示出差动齿轮以及减速齿轮的图。
图5是从图2的V-V线提取出的侧视剖视图,是主要示出上述减速齿轮的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照图1至5对几个示例的实施方式进行说明。各图中,F表示车辆的前方,A表示车辆的后方,而且U、D、R、L分别表示上方、下方、右方、左方。
在以下的全部说明以及权利要求书中,只要没有特别的说明,旋转轴是指在车轴、差动齿轮组、离合器中共用的旋转轴。并且有时区别前后左右,但这些只不过是为了便于进行说明,并不对实施方式进行限制。
主要参照图1、图2,末级驱动器1以将从传动轴传递来的转矩差动地分配至一对车轴的目的而搭载于车辆来使用。通常,朝向前方F使用用于与传动轴结合的凸缘叉21,并且一对车轴分别结合在其两侧。其外壳10在下方D中面向路面。
电动马达11在外壳10的外部相比外壳10配置于上方U,由此利用外壳10与路面隔开。电动马达11经由连接器13与车辆的电装系统连接。
主要参照图1、图3,在外壳10的内部划分出单独的室15,并在该室15内容纳差动齿轮组3、离合器5、凸轮机构7、以及与电动马达11结合的减速齿轮组9。为了便于将这些要件组装在内部,外壳10能够分割成多个例如为两个。在图示的例子中,外壳10能够在包括旋转轴X在内的面中分割成前部分10A和后部分10B。或者也可以与图示不同,能够在包括小齿轮25的旋转轴在内的面中分割。
差动齿轮组3由轴承以能够旋转的方式支撑于外壳10,由此能够绕旋转轴X旋转。并且,离合器5和凸轮机构7同轴地支撑于差动齿轮组3,并且相互在轴向上相邻。小齿轮25也由轴承以能够旋转的方式支撑于外壳10,但在俯视时其旋转轴与旋转轴X正交。但是,旋转轴X与小齿轮25的旋转轴也可以不位于同一平面上,从图1能够很好地理解,两轴也可以不相交(即也可以是扭转的关系)。
如已说明那样,凸缘叉21相比外壳10向前方F突出,但在其中心处由螺母23与外壳10内的小齿轮25结合。凸缘叉21与外壳10之间由密封部件81液密地密封。
差动齿轮组3是用于将转矩差动地分配至一对车轴的装置。在以下的说明中,举出利用锥齿轮式差动齿轮组的例子,但能够利用平面齿轮式、行星齿轮式等其它适当的形式来代替锥齿轮式。
差动齿轮组3大概具备冕状齿轮31、壳体33、多个小齿轮35、以及一对侧面齿轮37、39,其整体能够绕旋转轴X旋转。冕状齿轮31与小齿轮25啮合来接受转矩,并且利用螺栓等与壳体33结合来将转矩传递至壳体33。小齿轮35以能够旋转的方式分别与壳体33结合,还与一对侧面齿轮37、39啮合,由此将输入至壳体33的转矩差动地分配至侧面齿轮37、39。
各侧面齿轮37、39与右以及左车轴结合来驱动车轮。为了对车轴与外壳10之间液密地进行密封,外壳10具备密封部件83、85。
离合器5以限制差动齿轮组3的差动的目的而被利用。结合图3并参照图4,离合器5也能够绕旋转轴X旋转,具备多个离合器片51、53,离合器片51和离合器片53交替地排列。离合器片51与侧面齿轮39驱动地结合,离合器片53与壳体33驱动地结合。由此,当在沿旋转轴X的朝向作用有按压力时,离合器片51、53相互摩擦地连结来相对于壳体33对侧面齿轮39进行制动。即,离合器5限制差动齿轮组3的差动。如在本实施方式中说明那样,多片离合器式离合器是适合的,但能够利用圆锥式等其它适宜形式的离合器来代替。
为了使按压力在沿旋转轴X的朝向上作用于离合器5,能够利用凸轮机构7。凸轮机构7大概由沿旋转轴X能够稍微移动的凸轮盘71、和沿旋转轴X不动的凸轮齿轮73构成。凸轮盘71无法绕旋转轴X转动,但凸轮齿轮73能够旋转。凸轮盘71和凸轮齿轮73中任一方或者双方能够具备沿周向延伸且其底缓慢地倾斜的槽,而且可在这样的槽中滚动的凸轮球75能够夹装在这些部件之间。
若凸轮齿轮73绕旋转轴X旋转,则凸轮球75沿槽滚动,沿其底的倾斜上升,由此在轴向上按压凸轮盘71。即,该构造将凸轮齿轮73的旋转变换成凸轮盘71的沿旋转轴X的按压力。或者,也可以采用其它相同的构造,例如能够利用辊、或者凸轮盘71和凸轮齿轮73中任一方一体具备的突起来代替凸轮球75。
为了将凸轮盘71的按压力传递至离合器5,也可以在其间夹装柱塞77、79。壳体33以与柱塞79对应的方式具备贯通孔,柱塞79穿过该孔向壳体33内贯通插入。并且,在使凸轮盘71远离离合器5的朝向上,弹簧等弹性体例如夹装在壳体33与柱塞77之间。
减速齿轮组9夹装在电动马达11与凸轮齿轮73之间,将电动马达11的旋转减速(增力地)并传递至凸轮齿轮73。结合图3、图4并参照图5,减速齿轮组9是由一对以上的齿轮构成的齿轮系,例如由小齿轮91、齿轮93、以及中齿轮95构成。小齿轮91的轴被引出至壳体33外,并与电动马达11结合。小齿轮91与直径更大的齿轮93啮合,齿轮93与直径更小的中齿轮95一体旋转,由此旋转呈两阶段的方式减速。中齿轮95与凸轮齿轮73啮合。
若电动马达11工作,则其旋转由减速齿轮组9减速(增力)后对凸轮齿轮73进行驱动,该旋转由凸轮机构7变换成沿旋转轴X的方向的按压力并对离合器5进行按压,由此限制差动齿轮组3的差动。若电动马达11向相反方向工作,则离合器5脱离连结而差动齿轮组3变得自由,从而将转矩差动地传递至一对车轴。
如已说明那样,由于电动马达11位于外壳10外且配置于上方U,所以减速齿轮组9也必然地在外壳10内位于比较靠上方U,通常比差动齿轮组3的大部分更靠上方。因此,若不使用任何方法,则用于润滑差动齿轮组3的润滑油不会充分到达减速齿轮组9。末级驱动器1具备如下说明那样的向减速齿轮组9供给润滑油的构造。
主要参照图4,室15包括在差动齿轮组3与外壳10之间确保的润滑油的路径15A。由于外壳10的壁从冕状齿轮31的最近旁的位置连续至减速齿轮组9的最近旁的位置,所以润滑油路径15A从冕状齿轮31连续至减速齿轮组9。即,减速齿轮组9面向润滑油路径15A。为了利用重力向减速齿轮组9引导润滑油,润滑油路径15A以及划分润滑油路径15A的壁也可以朝向减速齿轮组9逐渐降低。
若差动齿轮组3旋转,则尤其其冕状齿轮31使润滑油溅起。为了增强使润滑油溅起的作用,例如壳体33也可以具备如翅片或者叶片那样的形状的油勺49。油勺49以及/或者冕状齿轮31所溅起的润滑油的一部分的流动LF导入路径15A并到达减速齿轮组9,并对其进行润滑。润滑油的其它部分导入路径15B、15C并到达壳体33的轴承等,并对它们进行润滑。
根据图4所示的例子,直接受到润滑油的是凸轮齿轮73以及齿轮93、95,但由于旋转的齿轮93将润滑油运送至小齿轮91,所以减速齿轮组9的整体得以润滑。
末级驱动器1的组装能够如下那样进行。即,能够在前部分10A装入小齿轮25以及减速齿轮组9,且并行地装入差动齿轮组3。边调整齿轮间的啮合边将差动齿轮组3同轴承一起装入前部分10A,若利用螺栓等将后部分10B紧固于前部分10A,则大致组装成末级驱动器1。各密封部件以及凸缘叉21的组装能够在其后进行。小齿轮91的轴从外壳10向外部突出,电动马达11与其简易结合即可,不需要精密的对位。在组装的任一阶段中,都容易操作所有的要件,因此组装容易。
根据本实施方式,由于末级驱动器1所有的轴共同支撑于外壳10、尤其是单独的前部分10A,所以轴的对位不会产生问题,齿轮间的啮合稳定。并且,所有的齿轮容纳于外壳10并被共同的润滑油润滑。由于外壳10被液密地密封,所以防止尘埃从外部混入。
电动马达11位于外壳10的外部且配置于其上方。由于在这样的位置,电动马达11与路面隔开,不会直接暴露在从路面飞来的石头、泥或者水中,从而其耐久性不会产生问题。当然电动马达11可以与外壳10一体,或者也可以容纳于外壳10的内部。
根据优选的实施方式对本发明进行了说明,但本发明并不限定于上述实施方式。基于上述公开内容,知晓该技术领域的通常技术的人能够通过实施方式的修正或者变形来实施本发明。
工业上的可利用性
提供相对于从路面飞来的石头、泥或者水具有较高的耐久性的末级驱动器。
Claims (3)
1.一种末级驱动器,其以面向路面的方式搭载于车辆,并从传动轴向一对车轴传递转矩,上述末级驱动器的特征在于,具备:
差动齿轮组,其从上述传动轴向上述一对车轴差动地分配上述转矩;
离合器,其能够绕旋转轴旋转,且与上述差动齿轮组结合;
凸轮机构,其具备凸轮盘和凸轮齿轮,其中,上述凸轮盘无法绕上述旋转轴转动,且配置为沿上述旋转轴朝向上述离合器移动来施加紧固力,上述凸轮齿轮能够绕上述旋转轴旋转,上述凸轮机构将上述凸轮齿轮的旋转变换成上述凸轮盘的沿上述旋转轴的按压力;
齿轮组,其与上述凸轮齿轮啮合并使之旋转;
外壳,其划分出单独的室,并将上述差动齿轮组、上述离合器、上述凸轮机构、以及上述齿轮组容纳在上述单独的室内;以及
马达,其位于上述外壳外且配置于上方以此来利用上述外壳而与上述路面隔开,并且为了驱动上述齿轮组与上述齿轮组结合,
上述外壳包括具有入口的路径,该路径是沿着所述外壳的壁延伸的路径,该入口位于能够容纳上述差动齿轮组溅起的润滑油的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的末级驱动器,其特征在于,
上述齿轮组相比上述差动齿轮组配置于上方,并且面向在上述差动齿轮组与上述外壳之间划分出的润滑油路径。
3.根据权利要求2所述的末级驱动器,其特征在于,
上述差动齿轮组具备使润滑油溅起的油勺。
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