CN107635921B - 具有aei沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐材料的直接合成方法,以及其在催化中的应用 - Google Patents
具有aei沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐材料的直接合成方法,以及其在催化中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107635921B CN107635921B CN201680022037.1A CN201680022037A CN107635921B CN 107635921 B CN107635921 B CN 107635921B CN 201680022037 A CN201680022037 A CN 201680022037A CN 107635921 B CN107635921 B CN 107635921B
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 organometallic copper complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MDAXKAUIABOHTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane Chemical compound C1CNCCNCCCNCCNC1 MDAXKAUIABOHTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRFJEOWVAGSJNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)CCN(C)CCCN(C)CC1 HRFJEOWVAGSJNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HGACHMQVWWZPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,5-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C[N+](C)(C)C1 HGACHMQVWWZPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QEFNZSRKUWGBNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,3,5-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC1CC(C)C[N+](C)(C)C1 QEFNZSRKUWGBNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OMRPRQVWTIDFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,3,5-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC1CC(C)C[N+](C)(C)C1 OMRPRQVWTIDFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QOURMEHOWGLDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1,2,6-trimethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(C)C(C)CCCC1C QOURMEHOWGLDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDWRJRPUIXRFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CNCC(C)C1 IDWRJRPUIXRFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052605 nesosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004762 orthosilicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于通过直接合成方法来制备AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式的新方法。该新方法包括将有机金属铜络合物与其他有机分子组合,该其他有机分子能够作为有机结构导向剂(OSDA)引导AEI沸石结构体的硅铝酸盐形式结晶。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过直接合成方法制备AEI沸石结构体的硅铝酸盐形式(其中含有引入的铜原子)的新方法。这种新方法需要铜有机金属络合物和有机分子组合,该有机分子能够作为有机共结构导向剂(OSDA)引导AEI沸石结构体的结晶。本发明还涉及所述具有AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐材料作为催化剂在NOx的选择性催化还原(SCR)等中的应用。
背景技术
这些微孔结晶材料可以用作许多化学工艺中的催化剂。具有特定的物理化学性质的沸石在给定的化学工艺中的使用直接取决于所述工艺所涉及的试剂和产物的性质(例如大小、形状、疏水性等)以及反应条件。一方面,试剂和产物的性质将影响这些分子在沸石的孔和空腔中的扩散,因此,选择具有合适的孔形貌的沸石对于反应所涉及的产物是至关重要的。另一方面,沸石必须在所需的反应条件下是化学和结构稳定的。
化石燃料燃烧过程中氮氧化物(NOx)的形成已成为当今社会的一个问题,因为其是主要的空气污染物。使用氨作为还原剂的NOx的选择性催化还原(SCR)成为控制这些气体排放的有效方法(Brandenberger等人Catal.Rev.Sci.30Eng.,2008,50,492)。
最近,已经公开了其中引入铜原子的具有AEI沸石结构体的硅铝酸盐在NOx的SCR还原中具有高的催化活性和水热稳定性(Moliner等人WO2013159825;Moliner等人Chem.Commun.,2012,2012,48,8264)。
AEI沸石结构体的硅铝酸盐形式可以使用具有烷基取代基的环状铵阳离子(Zones等人U.S.Patent 5958370;Cao等人WO 2005/063624;Moliner等人WO2013159825)或四烷基鏻阳离子(Sano等人WO/2015/005369)作为OSDA来合成。
为了制备AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式,优选通过对先前合成和煅烧的AEI材料的后合成金属离子交换方法进行铜物质的掺入(Moliner等人WO2013159825;Sonoda等人J.Mater.Chem.A.,2015,3,857)。当使用该方法时,需要几个步骤来获得最终材料,包括硅铝酸盐的水热合成,煅烧以消除OSDA,转变成铵形式,金属离子交换和最终煅烧以获得所期望的Cu-硅铝酸盐形式的材料。所有这些步骤都有助于提高材料制备过程的总成本。
因此,具有AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式的材料的直接合成的可能性可以大大降低与其制备相关的成本,因为它将避免了上述大部分步骤,使这些直接制备的材料对于该行业而言非常有吸引力。
发明详述
本发明的主要目的是提供一种通过直接合成方法制备AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式的新方法。该新方法涉及将铜有机金属络合物与其他有机分子结合,所述其他有机分子能够作为有机结构导向剂(OSDA)引导AEI沸石结构体的硅铝酸盐形式结晶。其他有机分子可以是具有烷基取代基的任何环状铵阳离子,例如N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓。
在该合成方法之后,可以直接合成AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式,从而避免了通过传统的后合成金属离子交换方法获得所述材料所需的步骤。
本发明还涉及根据本方法获得的具有AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式的材料作为催化剂的用途。
因此,本发明涉及一种具有AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式的材料的直接合成方法,该方法至少包括以下步骤:
(i)制备至少含有一种水源,一种铜源,一种多胺以形成铜有机金属络合物,一种四价元素Y的源,一种三价元素X的源,一种具有烷基取代基的环状铵阳离子如OSDA和一种碱金属或碱土金属阳离子(A)的源的混合物,其中合成混合物具有以下摩尔组成:
YO2:a X2O3:b OSDA:c A:d H2O:e Cu:f多胺
其中
a为0.001至0.2,优选0.005至0.1,更优选0.01至0.07;
b为0.01至2,优选0.1至1,更优选0.1至0.6;
c为0至2,优选0.001至1,更优选0.01至0.8;
d为1至200,优选1至50,更优选2至20;
e为0.001至1,优选0.001至0.6,更优选0.001至0.5;
f为0.001至1,优选0.001至0.6,更优选0.001至0.5;
(ii)使在(i)中获得的混合物在反应器中结晶;
(iii)将在(ii)中得到的结晶材料回收。
根据本发明,Y是可优选选自Si、Sn、Ti、Ge及其组合的四价元素;更优选为Si。
所使用的Si源可以选自硅氧化物、硅卤化物、胶体二氧化硅、热解法二氧化硅、原硅酸四烷基酯、硅酸盐、硅酸、先前合成的结晶材料、先前合成的无定形材料及其组合;更优选其是选自先前合成的结晶材料,先前合成的无定形材料及其组合的材料;更优选地,其是先前合成的结晶材料。
根据本发明,X是可优选选自Al、B、Fe、In、Ga及其组合的三价元素;更优选为Al。
所使用的Al源可以选自任何铝盐、任何水合氧化铝、任何烷氧基铝、先前合成的结晶材料、先前合成的无定形材料及其组合;更优选地,其是选自先前合成的结晶材料、先前合成的无定形材料及其组合;更优选地,其是先前合成的结晶材料。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,具有FAU沸石结构体的结晶材料可以用于(i)中作为Y和X(优选硅和铝)的唯一来源,并且可以优选以大于7的Si/Al比存在。
因此,根据本发明的具体实施方案,Y是Si,X是Al;因此,高合成产率的具有AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式的材料的直接合成方法将包括至少以下步骤:
(i)制备至少含有一种水源,一种铜源,一种多胺以形成铜有机金属络合物,一种具有FAU结晶结构体的沸石,例如沸石Y,作为硅和铝的唯一来源,一种具有烷基取代基的环状铵阳离子作为OSDA和一种碱金属或碱土金属阳离子的源(A)的混合物,其中合成混合物具有以下摩尔组成:
SiO2:a Al2O3:b OSDA:c A:d H2O:e Cu:f多胺
其中
a为0.001至0.2,优选0.005至0.1,更优选0.01至0.07;
b为0.01至2,优选0.1至1,更优选0.1至0.6;
c为0至2,优选0.001至1,更优选0.01至0.8;
d为1至200,优选1至50,更优选2至20;
e为0.001至1,优选0.001至0.6,更优选0.001至0.5;
f为0.001至1,优选0.001至0.6,更优选0.001至0.5;
(ii)使在(i)中获得的混合物在反应器中结晶;
(iii)将在(ii)中得到的结晶材料回收。
根据本发明,在(i)中可以使用任何Cu源。优选地,铜源可以选自硝酸盐、硫酸盐、草酸盐、以及其组合。
根据本发明,在(i)中形成的混合物不含任何磷源。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,在(i)中形成的混合物可以不含任何氟源。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,碱或碱土金属阳离子源可以是这些元素的任何来源,并且可以是优选选自Na、K及其组合的源。
根据本发明,步骤(i)中所需的OSDA可以是具有烷基取代基的任何环状铵阳离子,优选是选自N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓(DMDMP)、N,N-二乙基-2,6-二甲基哌啶鎓(DEDMP)、N,N-二甲基-2,6-二甲基哌啶鎓、N-乙基-N-甲基-2,6-二甲基哌啶鎓及其组合的季铵离子,优选N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓。
根据具体实施方案,本发明的方法还可以包含其他OSDA,称为协同OSDA,其也可以存在于步骤(i)中,并且可以选自任何环状季铵或任何其它有机分子,例如任何胺或季铵。
根据本发明,可以在(i)中使用任何能够形成铜络合物的多胺或不同多胺的混合物,而不管胺的形式(环状、直链、支链等)和性质如何(伯、仲或叔)。优选地,所述多胺可以选自四亚乙基五胺、三亚乙基四胺、1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷、1,4,8,11-四甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷及其组合。优选地,多胺是四亚乙基五胺。
根据本发明,在(ii)中描述的结晶方法优选在高压釜中,在静态或动态条件下(例如通过搅拌混合物)在选自100℃至200℃,优选130℃至200℃,更优选130℃至175℃的温度下进行;其结晶时间可以为6小时至50天,优选1至20天,更优选2至15天。必须记住,合成混合物的组分可能来自不同的源,这可能改变所述的结晶条件。
根据本发明方法的一个具体实施方案,可以将充当有利于所述合成的晶种的AEI晶体以相对于氧化物的总量至多为25重量%的量添加至合成混合物中。这些晶体可以在结晶过程之前或期间加入。
根据所述方法,在(ii)中所述的结晶之后,将所得固体与母液分离并回收。回收步骤(iii)可以通过任何公知的分离技术进行,例如倾析、过滤、超滤、离心或任何其它固液分离技术及其组合。
本发明的方法还可以包括通过提取方法消除存留在材料内部的有机物质。
根据具体实施方案,存留在材料内部的有机化合物的消除可以通过在大于25℃,优选100℃至1000℃的温度下热处理优选为2分钟至25小时的时间段来进行。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,在获得上述材料的方法中,可以通过后合成方法(例如浸渍、离子交换或其组合)进一步引入至少一种金属。这些金属优选选自贵金属,更优选选自Pt、Pd及其组合,并且它们优选位于超晶格位置。
根据本发明的另一个具体实施方案,在获得上述材料的方法中,可以进一步引入任何含有至少一种优选选自Pt、Pd及其组合的贵金属的金属氧化物。
根据另一个具体实施方案,根据本发明生产的材料可以使用任何公知的技术进行造粒。
根据优选实施方案,可以将根据本发明获得的材料煅烧。因此,具有AEI结构体的沸石材料在煅烧后可以具有以下摩尔组成:
YO2:o X2O3:p A:r Cu
其中o为0.001至0.2,优选0.005至0.1;更优选0.01至0.07;
其中p为0至2,优选0.001至1;更优选0.01至0.8;
其中r为0.001至1,优选0.001至0.6;更优选0.001至0.5。
根据具体实施方案,Y是Si,X是Al;因此,具有AEI结构体的沸石材料可以在煅烧后具有以下摩尔组成:
SiO2:o Al2O3:p A:r Cu
其中o为0.001至0.2,优选0.005至0.1;更优选0.01至0.07;
其中p为0至2,优选0.001至1;更优选0.01至0.8;;
其中r为0.001至1,优选0.001至0.6;更优选0.001至0.5。
根据优选实施方案,所得材料为Cu-SSZ-39。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,获得的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料还可以包含贵金属,优选选自Pd、Pt及其组合。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的方法获得的上述材料作为催化剂在将由有机化合物形成的进料转化成高附加值产物中的用途,或作为分子筛通过使进料与所获得的材料接触来消除/分离物流(例如气体混合物)的用途。
根据优选实施方案,本发明获得的材料可以用作气流中NOx(氮氧化物)的选择性催化还原(SCR)中的催化剂。特别地,NOx的SCR将在还原剂的存在下进行,该还原剂优选选自铵、脲、烃及其组合。根据该具体实施方案,NOx(氮氧化物)的选择性催化还原(SCR)可以通过如下进行:使用整料作为基底,并且向其施用根据本发明获得的沸石材料层,使得气流可以通过它以进行所期望的反应。同样地,根据本发明获得的沸石材料层可以应用到其它基底,例如气流可以通过的过滤器。
根据本发明的另一个具体的实施方案,根据本发明合成的含有贵金属如Pt或Pd的材料可用作氨至氮的选择性氧化中的催化剂。根据该具体实施方案,氨至氮的选择性催化氧化可以通过如下进行:使用整料作为基底,并且向其施用根据本发明获得的沸石材料层,使得气流可以通过它以进行所期望的反应。同样地,根据本发明获得的沸石材料层可以应用到其它基底,例如气流可以通过的过滤器等。
根据另一个具体的实施方案,根据本发明描述的材料可用于甲烷至甲醇的转化中(Wulfers等人Chem.Commun.2015,51,4447)。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,词语“包括”及其变体并不旨在排除其他技术特征、添加剂、组分或步骤。对于本领域技术人员来说,本发明的其它目的、优点和特征将部分地来自本发明的描述以及部分地来自本发明的实施。
附图简要说明
图1:根据本发明合成的具有AEI结构体的Cu-硅铝酸盐材料的PXRD图。
图2:根据本发明实施例2合成的具有AEI结构体的Cu-硅铝酸盐材料的UV-Vis光谱。
实施例
实施例1:合成N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓(DMDMP)
将10g的3,5-二甲基哌啶(Sigma-Aldrich,≥96重量%)与19.51g碳酸氢钾(KHCO3,Sigma-Aldrich;99.7重量%)混合,并溶解在140ml甲醇中。随后,加入54ml甲基碘(CH3I,Sigma-Aldrich,≥99重量%),将所得混合物在室温下搅拌5天。一旦这段时间过去,就将反应混合物过滤以除去碳酸氢钾。将过滤溶液通过旋转蒸发器部分浓缩。甲醇部分蒸发后,用氯仿洗涤溶液数次,并且加入硫酸镁(MgSO4,Sigma-Aldrich,≥99.5重量%)。随后,将混合物过滤以除去硫酸镁。通过用乙醚沉淀并随后过滤得到铵盐。N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓碘化物的最终产率为85%。
为了制备前述有机盐的氢氧化物形式:将10.13g有机盐溶于75.3g水中。随后,加入37.6g阴离子交换树脂(Dower SBR),将所得混合物搅拌24小时。最后,过滤溶液,得到N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓氢氧化物(94%交换)。
实施例2:具有AEI结构体的Cu-硅铝酸盐的直接合成
将154.0mg 20重量%的硫酸铜(II)(CuSO4,Alfa Aesar,98%)的水溶液与31.2mg四亚乙基五胺(TEPA,98%,Sigma Aldrich)混合,以原位制备有机金属铜络合物,将所得混合物搅拌2小时。一旦这个时间段过去,则加入3216.0mg 7.4重量%的N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓氢氧化物水溶液和163.1mg 20重量%的氢氧化钠水溶液,将所得混合物搅拌15分钟。最后,将235.3mg具有FAU结构体的沸石(CBV-720,SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比=21)引入合成混合物中并搅拌一段时间以蒸发过量的水并达到所需的凝胶浓度。凝胶的最终组成为SiO2:0.047Al2O3:0.046Cu(TEPA)2+:0.2DMDMP:0.2NaOH:23H2O。将所得凝胶转移至特氟隆衬里的高压釜中。结晶在135℃下在静态条件下进行7天。将固体产物过滤,用水充分洗涤,在100℃下干燥,最后在空气中在550℃下煅烧4小时以除去有机残余物。获得的固体的产率大于90%(不考虑有机残留物)。
该固体通过粉末X射线衍射进行表征,并获得了AEI结构体的特征峰(参见图1)。样品的化学分析表明Si/Al比为9.95,铜含量为3.3重量%。
所获得的未煅烧结晶材料通过UV-VIS光谱进行表征,以研究有机金属铜络合物的分子在沸石结晶后的稳定性。从图2可以看出,UV-VIS光谱显示出以~265nm为中心的单一波段,这已被归因于沸石结构体内的完好Cu-TEPA络合物的存在(Franco等人2013/159828,2012)。
实施例3:具有AEI结构体的Cu-硅铝酸盐的直接合成
将75.1mg硫酸铜(II)(CuSO4,Alfa Aesar,98%)的20重量%的水溶液与18.0mg四亚乙基五胺(TEPA,98%,Sigma Aldrich)混合,以原位制备有机金属铜络合物,将所得混合物搅拌2小时。一旦这个时间段过去,则加入4049.0mg 5.9重量%的N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓氢氧化物水溶液和159.1mg 20重量%的氢氧化钠水溶液,将所得混合物搅拌15分钟。最后,将285.2mg具有FAU结构的沸石(CBV-720,SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比=21)引入合成混合物中并搅拌一段时间以蒸发过量的水并达到所需的凝胶浓度。凝胶的最终组成为SiO2:0.047Al2O3:0.019Cu(TEPA)2+:0.3DMDMP:0.2NaOH:18H2O。将所得凝胶转移至特氟隆衬里的高压釜中。结晶在135℃下在静态条件下进行7天。将固体产物过滤,用水充分洗涤,在100℃下干燥,最后在空气中在550℃下煅烧4小时以除去有机残余物。获得的固体的产率大于90%(不考虑有机残留物)。该固体通过粉末X射线衍射进行表征,并获得了AEI结构体的特征峰(参见图1)。
实施例4:具有AEI结构体的Cu-硅铝酸盐的直接合成
将112.2mg硫酸铜(II)(CuSO4,Alfa Aesar,98%)的20重量%的水溶液与27.0mg四亚乙基五胺(TEPA,98%,Sigma Aldrich)混合,以原位制备有机金属铜络合物,将所得混合物搅拌2小时。一旦这个时间段过去,则加入2416.0mg 7.4重量%的N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶鎓氢氧化物水溶液和66.2mg 20重量%的氢氧化钠水溶液,将所得混合物搅拌15分钟。最后,将196.2mg具有FAU结构体的沸石(CBV-720,SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比=21)引入合成混合物中并搅拌一段时间以蒸发过量的水并达到所需的凝胶浓度。凝胶的最终组成为SiO2:0.047Al2O3:0.041Cu(TEPA)2+:0.3DMDMP:0.1NaOH:21H2O。将所得凝胶转移至特氟隆衬里的高压釜中。结晶在135℃下在静态条件下进行7天。将固体产物过滤,用水充分洗涤,在100℃下干燥,最后在空气中在550℃下煅烧4小时以除去有机残余物。获得的固体的产率大于90%(不考虑有机残留物)。该固体通过粉末X射线衍射进行表征,并获得了AEI结构体的特征峰。
实施例5:NOx的SCR的催化测定
使用直径为1.2cm,长度为20cm的石英固定床管式反应器研究NOx的选择性催化还原的催化活性。在典型的实验中,将催化剂压实成尺寸为0.25-0.42mm的颗粒,将其引入反应器中,并将温度升至550℃(参见表1中的反应条件);随后,将该温度在氮气流下保持1小时。一旦达到所需的温度,就加入反应混合物。使用NH3作为还原剂研究NOx的SCR。存在于反应器气体出口处的NOx通过化学发光检测器(Thermo 62C)连续分析。催化结果总结在表2中。
表1:NOx的SCR的反应条件。
总气体流速(ml/min) | 300 |
催化剂负载(mg) | 40 |
NO浓度(ppm) | 500 |
NH<sub>3</sub>浓度(ppm) | 530 |
O<sub>2</sub>浓度(%) | 7 |
H<sub>2</sub>O浓度 | 5 |
研究的温度区间(℃) | 170-550 |
表2:在使用根据本发明描述的方法合成的Cu-AEI催化剂在不同温度(200、250、300、350、400、450、500)下的NOx的转化率(%)
Claims (19)
1.一种材料的直接合成方法,所述材料具有AEI沸石结构体的含铜的硅铝酸盐形式,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:
(i)制备至少含有以下所列的混合物:
-一种水源,
-一种铜源,
-一种多胺,选自四亚乙基五胺、三亚乙基四胺、1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷、1,4,8,11-四甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷或其混合物,
-一种四价元素Y的源,所述四价元素Y选自Si,和一种三价元素X的源,所述三价元素X选自Al,其中具有FAU结构体的沸石是Y和X的唯一来源,
-一种具有烷基取代基的环状铵阳离子作为OSDA,选自N,N-二甲基-3,5-二甲基哌啶N,N-二乙基-2,6-二甲基哌啶N,N-二甲基-2,6-二甲基哌啶N-乙基-N-甲基-2,6-二甲基哌啶及其组合,和
-一种碱金属或碱土金属阳离子A的源,选自Na、K及其组合的源,
其中,所合成的混合物具有以下摩尔组成:
YO2:a X2O3:b OSDA:c A:d H2O:e Cu:f多胺
其中
a为0.001至0.2;
b为0.01至2;
c为0.01至0.8;
d为1至200;
e为0.001至1;
f为0.001至1;
其中,A:YO2摩尔比为至少0.1;
其中,在(i)中形成的混合物不含任何磷源,
其中,在(i)中形成的混合物不含任何氟源,
(ii)使在(i)中获得的混合物在反应器中结晶;
(iii)将在(ii)中得到的结晶材料回收。
2.根据权利要求1所述的材料的直接合成方法,其中所述铜源选自硝酸盐、硫酸盐、草酸盐,以及其组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其中在(ii)中描述的结晶方法在100℃至200℃的温度下进行。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其中用于(ii)中描述的方法的结晶时间为6小时至50天。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其中所述回收步骤(iii)通过选自倾析、过滤、超滤、离心及其组合的分离技术进行。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其还包括通过提取方法消除存留在材料内部的有机物质。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其还包括通过在100℃至1000℃的温度下热处理2分钟至25小时的时间段来消除存留在材料内的有机物质。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其中所得材料被造粒。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的材料的直接合成方法,其还包括引入至少一种贵金属。
10.根据权利要求9所述的材料的直接合成方法,其中所述贵金属选自Pd、Pt及其组合。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法获得的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料,其特征在于在煅烧后具有以下摩尔组成:
YO2:o X2O3:p A:r Cu
其中o为0.001至0.2;
其中p为0至2;
其中r为0.001至1。
12.根据权利要求11所述的获得的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料,其中所述材料是Cu-SSZ-39。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的获得的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料,其还含有贵金属。
14.根据权利要求13所述的获得的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料,其中所述贵金属选自Pd、Pt及其组合。
15.通过根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法获得的如权利要求11至14中任一项所述的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料在由有机化合物形成的进料转化至高附加值产物的转化过程中或用于通过将所述进料与所述材料接触来消除/分离反应性物流的用途。
16.根据权利要求15所述的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料作为催化剂在用于气流中的氮氧化物的选择性催化还原中的用途。
17.根据权利要求16所述的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料作为催化剂用于在选自氨、脲、烃及其组合的还原剂的存在下进行的氮氧化物的选择性催化还原中的用途。
18.根据权利要求15所述的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料作为催化剂在用于甲烷至甲醇的转化中的用途。
19.根据权利要求13或14所述的具有AEI结构体的沸石材料作为催化剂在用于氨至氮的选择性氧化中的用途。
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KR20180111908A (ko) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-10-11 | 우미코레 아게 운트 코 카게 | 철-함유 aei-제올라이트 촉매의 직접 합성 방법 |
WO2018210815A1 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-22 | Basf Se | A process for preparing a zeolitic material comprising a metal m and having framework type aei |
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US20210370278A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-12-02 | Basf Se | Process for the production of a zeolitic material having an aei-type framework structure via solvent-free interzeolitic conversion |
WO2020164545A1 (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-20 | Basf Se | Aluminum-and Gallium Containing Zeolitic Material and Use Thereof in SCR |
CN111825103B (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种含氟高硅y分子筛及其制备方法 |
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