CN107594225B - Feed additive for fish liver health and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A feed additive for fish liver health comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-20% of medlar, 10-20% of astragalus root, 5-10% of honeysuckle flower, 5-10% of kudzu root, 10-15% of schisandra fruit, 2-15% of bupleurum root, 10-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-20% of brown algae polysaccharide and the balance of filler. The feed additive for improving the liver health of the fishes can be used as a feed additive for various fishes, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 0.05-0.3% of the weight of the feed.

Description

Feed additive for fish liver health and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for fish liver health and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The cultured fish fatty liver disease is a broad-spectrum disease which troubles the aquaculture industry for many years, and although the disease is researched and controlled for many years, the disease cannot be fundamentally inhibited until now. Fish fatty liver, more precisely, is a collective term describing physiological phenomena characterized by excessive liver lipid accumulation exceeding the normal liver lipid content of fish and related metabolic diseases. The harm mainly comprises 4 aspects: firstly, the growth performance and the feed utilization efficiency are reduced, and the cultivation cost is increased; secondly, the immunity and the stress tolerance are reduced, and the sensitivity and the death rate to diseases are increased; the sensory quality of the product is reduced, and the product sale is influenced; and fourthly, the abuse of antibiotics and other medicines is indirectly caused, and the edible safety is influenced.

At present, in the field of liver protection products for fish, there are some liver protection products (such as 201410359787.0 and 201110245640.5), and the liver protection components of the patents mainly aim at absorption and utilization of fat, however, when the liver metabolizes fat, a lot of oxygen radicals are generated, and the excessive oxygen radicals can increase damage of liver cells and further influence the metabolism of the liver on the fat. In addition, some patents (e.g. 201610136687.0) consider adding Chinese herbal medicines to repair liver injury to prevent fatty liver, but the absorption of effective components in Chinese herbal medicines by fish is very low, and the mixing uniformity is relatively low in premix or feed preparation because of the simple crushing and mixing of Chinese herbal medicines.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a fish liver health feed additive and a preparation method thereof. The feed additive for improving the liver health of the fishes can be used as a feed additive for various fishes, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 0.05-0.3% of the weight of the feed.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a feed additive for fish liver health comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:

5-20% of medlar, 10-20% of astragalus root, 5-10% of honeysuckle flower, 5-10% of kudzu root, 10-15% of schisandra fruit, 2-15% of bupleurum root, 10-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-20% of brown algae polysaccharide and the balance of filler.

Preferably, the filler is bran powder.

The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, respectively carrying out micro-crushing on medlar, astragalus, honeysuckle, kudzu root, schisandra chinensis and radix bupleuri, and sieving the fine powder with a sieve of 100 meshes and 120 meshes;

(2) mixing the crushed materials prepared in the step (1), and adding double distilled water according to the weight ratio of the mixture to the double distilled water of 2:1-2.5: 1; adding water while stirring to obtain Chinese herbal medicine test solution;

(3) hydrolyzing the Chinese herbal medicine test solution by using a complex enzyme, wherein the mass of the complex enzyme is 2-3% of that of the Chinese herbal medicine test solution; the hydrolysis conditions were: pH 4.5-5.5, temperature 45-60 deg.C, time 3-4 hr, and slight shaking during hydrolysis process; the complex enzyme is a mixture of cellulase, pectinase and papain;

(4) after hydrolysis, filtering and keeping filtrate;

(5) directly and uniformly spraying the filtrate on the surface of the mixture of chitosan oligosaccharide and brown algae polysaccharide;

(6) and (4) uniformly mixing the mixture prepared in the step (5) with the filler.

Preferably, 1g of the complex enzyme contains 750-800U of cellulase, 4000-5000U of pectinase and 1400-1600U of papain.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

1. the medlar extract can resist lipid peroxidation, protect the integrity of a liver cell membrane structure, play a remarkable liver protection role, promote division and proliferation of liver cells and have a remarkable repairing role on liver injury.

2. The extracts of radix astragali, flos Lonicerae, radix Puerariae and bupleuri radix are helpful for rapid repair of liver injury, and can enhance liver detoxification function, decompose liver fat, and promote bile secretion.

3. The fructus Schisandrae extract is helpful for hepatocyte protein synthesis, so as to recover and increase mitochondria, improve corresponding enzyme activity, and promote hepatocyte recovery and regeneration.

4. The chitosan oligosaccharide and the algal polysaccharide are beneficial to improving the detoxification function of the liver, promoting the liver repair and reducing the blood fat.

5. The supplement of the two polysaccharides is helpful for improving the drug effect of the Chinese herbal medicine extract.

6. The compound enzyme hydrolyzes the Chinese herbal medicine, can obviously improve the extraction rate of the effective components of the plant medicine to 30-40 percent, saves time and labor compared with the traditional superfine grinding and high-temperature stewing, and has better effect of directly adding the extract of the Chinese herbal medicine into the feed after being treated by the traditional method.

7. The hydrolase is the combination of cellulase, pectinase and papain, the composite hydrolysis effect of the hydrolase is superior to that of a single enzyme, and the papain can accelerate the disintegration of plant tissue structures and bring the efficacy of other enzymes into play better.

8. The product is a mixture of Chinese herbal medicine extract and polysaccharide, the finished product is powder, compared with the traditional mixture after superfine grinding, the powder has better fluidity and is easier to be mixed in feed uniformly, and the addition amount is 0.05-0.3%.

9. The invention can obviously promote the growth of fish, improve the utilization rate of the feed, protect the liver, improve the detoxifying capability of the liver and reduce the occurrence probability of fatty liver when being added into the fish feed for a long time.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

Example 1:

(1) weighing: according to 100% of mass percentage, 20% of medlar, 10% of astragalus, 8% of honeysuckle, 8% of kudzu root, 15% of schisandra chinensis, 15% of radix bupleuri, 10% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10% of brown algae polysaccharide and 4% of bran powder are respectively weighed.

(2) Crushing: respectively micronizing fructus Lycii, radix astragali, flos Lonicerae, radix Puerariae, fructus Schisandrae chinensis and bupleuri radix, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and mixing the pulverized materials to obtain mixture.

(3) Preparing a test solution: adding double distilled water according to the weight ratio of the mixture to the double distilled water of 2:1 to prepare the Chinese herbal medicine conditioning solution.

(4) Hydrolysis: adding complex enzyme (cellulase, pectinase, papain) 2.5 wt% of the test solution, and hydrolyzing. Hydrolysis conditions: pH 4.5, temperature 50 ℃, time 3 hours, hydrolysis process all slightly shaking. 1g of complex enzyme contains 750U of cellulase, 4000U of pectinase and 1600U of papain. And (5) filtering after hydrolysis is finished, and keeping filtrate.

(5) And directly spraying the filtrate on the surface of the mixture of chitosan oligosaccharide and brown algae polysaccharide.

(6) Mixing the above mixture with bran powder, and making into liver protecting additive for fish.

Test example 1:

640 healthy micropterus salmoides with the specification of 50.13 +/-2.22 g are selected and randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, each treatment group has 4 repetitions, and each repetition has 80 fish. The culture environment is pond cage culture, and the specification of the cage is 2m multiplied by 2 m. The control group was fed with the ordinary commercial feed, and the experimental group was fed with the feed supplemented with the feed additive prepared in this example in an amount of 0.2% of the mass of the ordinary commercial feed. The survival rate, feed coefficient, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the Micropterus salmoides are shown in the table 1-1, and the levels of the liver and pancreas coarse fat content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) are shown in the table 1-2.

TABLE 1-1 Effect of feed supplement hepatoprotective additives on growth of Micropterus salmoides

TABLE 1-2 influence of feed supplement hepatoprotective additive on crude fat and antioxidant ability of liver and pancreas of micropterus salmoides

The results show that after the feed additive prepared in the embodiment is added into the feed according to the mass ratio of 0.2%, the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the micropterus salmoides are respectively improved by 15.66%, 33.88% and 23.50%, and the feed coefficient is remarkably reduced by 19.58%. The content of the crude fat in the liver and the pancreas is obviously reduced by 36.36 percent, and the antioxidant capacity of the liver and the pancreas is obviously improved.

Example 2

(1) Weighing: according to the mass percentage of 100%, 13% of medlar, 15% of astragalus, 5% of honeysuckle, 5% of kudzu root, 10% of schisandra chinensis, 2% of radix bupleuri, 20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 20% of brown algae polysaccharide and 10% of bran powder are respectively weighed.

(2) Crushing: respectively micronizing fructus Lycii, radix astragali, flos Lonicerae, radix Puerariae, fructus Schisandrae chinensis and bupleuri radix, sieving with 120 mesh sieve, and mixing the pulverized materials to obtain mixture.

(3) Preparing a test solution: adding the double distilled water according to the weight ratio of the mixture to the double distilled water of 2.5:1 to prepare the Chinese herbal medicine conditioning solution.

(4) Hydrolysis: adding complex enzyme (cellulase, pectinase, papain) 3 wt% of the test solution, and hydrolyzing. Hydrolysis conditions: pH 5.5, temperature 45 ℃, time 4 hours, hydrolysis process all slightly shaking. 1g of complex enzyme contains 800U of cellulase, 5000U of pectinase and 1400U of papain. And (5) filtering after hydrolysis is finished, and keeping filtrate.

(5) And directly spraying the filtrate on the surface of the mixture of chitosan oligosaccharide and brown algae polysaccharide.

(6) Mixing the above mixture with bran powder, and making into liver protecting additive for fish.

Test example 2:

560 tails of healthy grass carps with specification of 107.42 +/-5.72 g are selected and randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, each treatment group has 4 repetitions, and each repetition has 70 tails. The culture environment is pond cage culture, and the specification of the cage is 2m multiplied by 2 m. The control group was fed with a common commercial feed, and the experimental group was fed with a feed supplemented with the feed additive prepared in this example in an amount of 0.3% of the mass of the common commercial feed. The grass carp survival rate, feed coefficient, weight gain rate and specific growth rate are shown in table 2-1, and the liver and pancreas crude fat content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are shown in table 2-2.

TABLE 2-1 Effect of feed supplement hepatoprotective additives on growth of grass carp

TABLE 2-2 influence of feed supplement liver protecting additive on crude fat and antioxidant ability of liver and pancreas of grass carp

The results show that after the feed additive prepared in the embodiment is added into the feed by 0.3% by mass, the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the grass carp are respectively improved by 15.28%, 43.10% and 23.67%, and the feed coefficient is remarkably reduced by 28.64%. In addition, the content of the crude fat in the liver and the pancreas is obviously reduced by 37.32%, and the antioxidant capacity of the liver and the pancreas is obviously improved.

Example 3

(1) Weighing: according to the mass percentage of 100%, 5% of medlar, 20% of astragalus, 10% of honeysuckle, 10% of kudzu root, 12% of schisandra chinensis, 8% of radix bupleuri, 15% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15% of brown algae polysaccharide and 5% of bran powder are respectively weighed.

(2) Crushing: respectively micronizing fructus Lycii, radix astragali, flos Lonicerae, radix Puerariae, fructus Schisandrae chinensis and bupleuri radix, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and mixing the pulverized materials to obtain mixture.

(3) Preparing a test solution: adding double distilled water according to the weight ratio of the mixture to the double distilled water of 2:1 to prepare the Chinese herbal medicine conditioning solution.

(4) Hydrolysis: adding complex enzyme (cellulase, pectinase, papain) 2 wt% of the test solution, and hydrolyzing. Hydrolysis conditions: pH 5, temperature 60 ℃, time 3.5 hours, the hydrolysis process was gently shaken throughout. 1g of the complex enzyme contains 775U of cellulase, 4500U of pectinase and 1500U of papain. And (5) filtering after hydrolysis is finished, and keeping filtrate.

(5) And directly spraying the filtrate on the surface of the mixture of chitosan oligosaccharide and brown algae polysaccharide.

(6) Mixing the above mixture with bran powder, and making into liver protecting additive for fish.

Test example 3:

640 fish tails of physically healthy bream with the specification of 56.42 +/-1.16 g are randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, each treatment group has 4 repetitions, and each repetition has 80 fish tails. The culture environment is pond cage culture, and the specification of the cage is 2m multiplied by 2 m. The control group was fed with a common commercial feed, and the experimental group was fed with a feed supplemented with the feed additive prepared in this example in an amount of 0.05% of the mass of the common commercial feed. The survival rate, feed coefficient, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of bream are shown in table 3-1, and the levels of liver and pancreas crude fat, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) are shown in table 3-2.

TABLE 3-1 Effect of feed supplement and hepatoprotective additives on bream growth

TABLE 3-2 influence of feed supplement liver-protecting additive on liver and pancreas coarse fat and antioxidant ability of bream

As a result, after the feed additive prepared in the embodiment is added into the feed by 0.05% by mass, the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the grass carp are respectively improved by 11.47%, 32.20% and 20.65%, and the feed coefficient is remarkably reduced by 11.89%. In addition, the content of the crude fat in the liver and the pancreas is obviously reduced by 26.17 percent, and the antioxidant capacity of the liver and the pancreas is obviously improved.

Claims (2)

1. The preparation method of the feed additive for the liver health of the fishes is characterized in that the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:

5-20% of medlar, 10-20% of astragalus root, 5-10% of honeysuckle, 5-10% of kudzu root, 10-15% of schisandra fruit, 2-15% of bupleurum root, 10-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-20% of brown algae polysaccharide and the balance of filler;

the preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, respectively carrying out micro-crushing on medlar, astragalus, honeysuckle, kudzu root, schisandra chinensis and radix bupleuri, and sieving the fine powder with a sieve of 100 meshes and 120 meshes;

(2) mixing the crushed materials prepared in the step (1), and adding double distilled water according to the weight ratio of the mixture to the double distilled water of 2:1-2.5: 1; adding water while stirring to obtain Chinese herbal medicine test solution;

(3) hydrolyzing the Chinese herbal medicine test solution by using a complex enzyme, wherein the mass of the complex enzyme is 2-3% of that of the Chinese herbal medicine test solution; 1g of complex enzyme contains 750-800U of cellulase, 4000-5000U of pectinase and 1400-1600U of papain; the hydrolysis conditions were: pH 4.5-5.5, temperature 45-60 deg.C, time 3-4 hr, and slight shaking during hydrolysis process; the complex enzyme is a mixture of cellulase, pectinase and papain;

(4) after hydrolysis, filtering and keeping filtrate;

(5) directly and uniformly spraying the filtrate on the surface of the mixture of chitosan oligosaccharide and brown algae polysaccharide;

(6) and (4) uniformly mixing the mixture prepared in the step (5) with the filler.

2. The method for preparing according to claim 1, wherein the filler is bran powder.