CN107552815B - Surface cross-scale composite micro-molding cutter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Surface cross-scale composite micro-molding cutter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a surface cross-scale composite micro-modeling cutter and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of machine manufacturing, wherein micro-modeling treatment of concave cavity morphology is carried out on the surface of a cutter material, micro-scale concave cavities and nano-scale grooves are processed on a friction and abrasion sensitive area of the surface of a hard coating, and the cross-scale composite micro-modeling coating cutter is obtained by adopting a combined mode of groove communication cavities. This not only enhances the film-based bond strength of the coated tool, but also improves the wettability and lubricity of the coated tool surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to a surface coating trans-scale composite micro-molding cutter and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the field of machine manufacturing, the tool is subjected to frictional wear during machining, so that the problem is alleviated by coating the tool with a coating which serves as a chemical barrier and a thermal barrier, and the composition of the coated tool reduces diffusion and chemical reaction between the tool and a workpiece, thereby reducing crescent wear. The coated cutting tool has the characteristics of high surface hardness, good wear resistance, stable chemical property, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, small friction factor, low heat conductivity and the like, and can prolong the service life of the cutting tool by more than 3-5 times compared with an uncoated cutting tool, improve the cutting speed by 20-70%, improve the machining precision by 0.5-1 level and reduce the consumption cost of the cutting tool by 20-50%.
In order to prevent the coating from falling off and enhance the anti-debonding effect, micro-texture arrays are processed on the surface of the substrate, so that the contact area between the coating and the substrate is enlarged, the sliding resistance of the coating on the surface of the substrate is increased, meanwhile, the two materials form a geometrical form of mutual 'occlusion', and the two effects are synergistic, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate and the wear resistance of the surface of the substrate are enhanced.
The laser surface texture technology is to irradiate the material surface with short pulse laser, remove material through gasification ablation and process surface microstructure with different geometric shapes. Because the laser processing has high controllability, small thermal deformation and difficult interference, the surface micro-texture prepared by the technology has high precision and good shape consistency, and is easy to realize uniform distribution on the processing surface. The micron-sized concave cavity processed by the technology can serve as a collector of lubricant and abrasive dust in a lubrication state; the nanoscale grooves are connected with the concave cavities, and can serve as flow guide pipes of the lubricant based on capillary phenomenon, so that the flow guide pipes are more uniformly distributed on the inner surfaces in the relative motion process of the friction pairs, the lubrication effect is improved, and the abrasion is reduced.
Chinese patent (application No. CN 200910154418.7) discloses a liquid lubrication end face sealing structure with a trans-scale surface texture characteristic, which is characterized in that millimeter-scale deep grooves and micron-scale micropores are processed on the end face of a mechanical seal movable ring or a static ring, the micropores on the end face can enhance the dynamic pressure effect and the throttling effect of liquid, and the micropores in a groove area can also enhance the pumping effect of the liquid, so that the effects of sealing lubrication and rigidity of a fluid film are improved. The texture scale of the patent is bigger, the thickness of an oil film on the end face of the sealing ring is thinner, and an effective dynamic pressure lubrication effect is difficult to form. Chinese patent (application No. CN 201611129177.7) discloses a mixed surface texture cutter, which is divided into a texture area and an unstructured area on the front cutter surface, wherein the texture area is provided with three mixed textures of round/square pits and micro grooves, so that the lubrication speed of the front cutter surface is improved, and boundary lubrication is avoided. The patent plays a role in extending the lubricating film to a certain extent, but because the three textures are in a mutually separated state, the lubricants are difficult to complement each other, uneven distribution is easy to cause, and the antifriction effect is affected. The literature at the 622 th stage of the machine manufacturing volume 54 discloses a cutter surface micro-texture design and cutting simulation analysis, linear micro-pit-micro-groove combined textures are processed on the surface of a common cutter, simulation cutting results show that cutting force is reduced, chip curl is increased, sawtooth cutting problems are relieved, but the cutter is not coated, the integrated gain effect of a coating technology and the combined textures is not verified, and the grooves are in a micron level, so that drainage, flow guiding and lubrication effects are weaker than those in a nanometer level according to a capillary theory.
In order to enhance the antifriction and wear-resistant performance of the surface of the hard coating cutter and prolong the service life of the coating cutter, the invention adopts the laser micro-texture technology to process micron-sized concave cavities on the surface of a coating cutter matrix, and processes micron-sized concave cavities and nano-sized grooves on the friction and wear sensitive area of the surface of the hard coating, and adopts the combined mode of groove communication cavities to distribute, thus obtaining the cross-scale composite micro-modeling coating cutter. This not only enhances the film-based bond strength, but also improves the wettability and lubricity of the coated tool surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a surface coating trans-scale composite micro-modeling cutter and a preparation method thereof, which mainly aims at the defects of film base combination property and surface lubrication property of a coating cutter. The coating cutter has the advantages that the surface texture of the substrate is adopted to increase the bonding area of the film substrate, the bonding force of the film substrate is improved, the combined texture of the coating surface is adopted to improve the wettability of the front cutter surface during cutting, and the coating cutter has the heat insulation, stability and high wear resistance of the coating, has good chip storage lubricating effect brought by the micro-molding surfaces with different dimensions, effectively reduces the cutting force and the cutting temperature, and prolongs the wear period of the coating and the service life of the coating cutter.
In order to achieve the above object, various technical problems can be solved by the following solutions:
The surface cross-scale composite micro-modeling cutter comprises a cutter material and a coating, wherein the surface of the cutter material is provided with a micro-modeling shape, the cutter material is combined with the coating, and the surface of the coating is provided with a composite micro-modeling shape. The micro-molding is in a concave cavity shape, and the composite micro-molding comprises two or more of concave cavities, bulges, concave-convex composites and grooves; the distance between the micro-patterns and the composite micro-patterns and the surface edge distance are all larger than the diameter of the feature shape. The micro-molding is a micron-sized concave cavity distributed on the surface array of the cutter material, the composite micro-molding is a coating surface array distributed with a micron-sized concave cavity, a nanometer-sized linear groove and a nanometer-sized arc-shaped groove, and the center of the micron-sized concave cavity, the center of the nanometer-sized linear groove, the tail end point of the nanometer-sized arc-shaped groove near the cutter point along the groove symmetry line and the center of the tail end of the nanometer-sized arc-shaped groove are positioned on the same straight line.
The micron-sized concave cavity on the surface of the cutter material is d 1 =50-500 mu m in diameter, h 1 =5-20 mu m in depth, L 1 =550-1000 mu m in interval, L 2 =550-1000 mu m in interval and S 1 =2-50% in area occupation ratio; the nano-scale linear groove on the surface of the coating has the length of a 1 =500-2000 mu m, the width of b 1 =50-900 nm and the depth of h 2 =30-500 nm; the diameter d 2 =50-500 μm of the micrometer-level concave cavity on the surface of the coating, the depth h 3 =5-20 μm, the spacing L 3 =200-500 μm and the spacing L 4 =200-500 μm, and the area occupation ratio S 2 =2-30%; the nanoscale arc-shaped groove is formed by the steps of setting a central angle degree of n=90-180 degrees, radius r 1 =10-1000 mu m, radius r 2 =10-1000 mu m, radius r 3 =10-1000 mu m, width b 2 =50-900 nm and area occupation ratio S 3 =2-20%.
The distance between the geometric centers or the symmetrical lines of the feature shape is larger than the distance between the geometric centers or the symmetrical lines of the feature shape and the maximum edge outline of the area occupied by the micro-shape or the composite micro-shape; by surface edge distance greater than the diameter of the micro-or composite micro-feature is meant that the distance from the geometric center or line of symmetry of the micro-or composite micro-feature to the profile of the surface edge where it is located is greater than the distance from the geometric center or line of symmetry of the micro-or composite micro-feature to the maximum edge profile of the area occupied by the micro-or composite micro-feature.
The cutter material (1) is one of high-speed steel, hard alloy, ceramic, CBN, diamond and the like, and the coating (2) is one of Al 2O3, tiC, tiCN, crN, zrN, C N4 or TiAlN coating.
The thickness of the coating is 25-2000 mu m, and the minimum thickness of the coating is larger than the maximum texture depth.
A surface cross-scale composite micro-modeling tool and a preparation method thereof are provided, wherein before a tool material is coated, the surface of the tool material is processed by micro-modeling, and after a coating is coated, the surface of the coating is processed by composite micro-modeling. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Polishing the front cutter surface of the cutter to a mirror surface with Ra less than 0.01, degreasing the surface, cleaning and sufficiently drying;
2) Processing micro-cavity texture morphology uniformly distributed in a designated area of the front surface of the cutter surface to form a textured cutter surface;
3) Depositing a coating on the surface of the textured tool;
4) And processing the micro-scale concave cavities and the nano-scale groove morphology in a designated area of the coating surface to form the textured coating surface.
The micron-sized concave cavity is processed by laser, and the adopted laser is Nd: YAG solid laser with 100-2000 μm pulse width, 100-500V pumping voltage, 1-100 Hz pulse frequency, 0mm defocus and 2.0-50 mm/s scanning rate; the nano-scale groove is processed by a femtosecond laser, the working medium is titanium precious stone, the laser wavelength is 800nm, the maximum energy of single pulse is 1mJ, and the pulse width is 120fs.
The composite micro-molding treatment is one or more of electrochemical machining, reactive ion etching technology, electric spark machining, photochemical corrosion machining or laser micro-texture machining.
The coating process adopted by the coating is one of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or cathodic arc physical evaporation methods.
The surface trans-scale composite micro-modeling cutter is characterized in that the concave cavity spacing is the distance between the geometric centers of the outline shape of the largest edge of the concave cavity, and the area occupation ratio is the ratio of the total area of the same morphology texture to the area of the quadrilateral composed of the geometric centers of four adjacent textures.
The invention has the outstanding advantages that: the micro-concave modeling of the array is processed on the surface of the cutter material, so that the engagement area between the cutter material and the coating is increased, the joint surface with intersecting peaks and valleys is formed, the coating is prevented from peeling off, the bonding strength of the film base is enhanced, and the wear resistance is improved. The linear and arc nanoscale grooves are processed on the surface of the coating and penetrate through the combined texture of the centers of the micron-scale concave cavities, the micron-scale grooves play a role of liquid storage and chip collection, the nanoscale texture is favorable for flowing of lubricating medium in the texture, and the lubricating medium is easy to drag and cover the surface of the cutter by the chips, so that the continuous wettability of the surface of the coating is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross-scale composite microstructured coated tool.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the geometric features of the surface of the coated tool material.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of geometric features of a surface of a coated tool material.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the geometric features of the coated surface of the coated tool.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a geometric feature of a coated surface of a coated tool.
In the figure: 1 is a cutter material, 2 is a cutter material surface, 3 is a coating layer, and 4 is a coating layer surface; d 1 is the diameter of a micron-sized cavity on the surface of a cutter material, h 1 is the depth of the micron-sized cavity on the surface of the cutter material, L 1 is the distance between the center of the micron-sized cavity on the surface of the cutter material and the direction of a cutting edge in parallel, L 2 is the distance between the center of the micron-sized cavity on the surface of the cutter material and the direction of the cutting edge in perpendicular arrangement, a 1 is the length of a nanometer-sized linear groove on the surface of a coating layer, b 1 is the width of a nanometer-sized linear groove on the surface of the coating layer, b 2 is the width of a nanometer-sized arc-shaped groove on the surface of the coating layer, h 2 is the depth of the nanometer-sized linear groove and the arc-shaped groove, h 3 is the depth of the micron-sized cavity on the surface of the coating layer, n is the diameter of the nanometer-sized arc-shaped groove on the surface of the coating layer, r 1、r2、r3 is the radius of the three groups of nanometer-sized arc-shaped grooves on the surface of the coating layer, d 2 is the diameter of the micron-sized cavity on the surface of the coating layer, L 3 is the distance between the center of the micron-sized cavity on the surface of the coating layer in the longer direction of the array, L 4 is the distance between the micron-sized cavity on the center of the surface of the coating layer in the micron-sized cavity on the array in the shorter direction of the array.
Detailed Description
The following description of a preferred embodiment is presented in conjunction with the drawings to enable one skilled in the art to more readily understand the features and advantages of the present invention. And thus do not limit the scope of the invention. The simulation or restoration of the method principles and technical means in the present specification and the attached drawings are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the surface cross-scale composite micro-modeling tool consists of a tool material 1, a textured tool material surface 2, a coating 3 and a textured coating surface 4. Wherein a coating 3 is deposited on the textured tool material surface 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the textured coating surface 4 is distributed with two scale composite micro-textures, including a micrometer-scale concave cavity, a nanometer-scale linear groove and a nanometer-scale arc groove, wherein the nanometer-scale linear groove is positioned on the same straight line along the symmetry line of the groove direction near the tip end point of the cutter tip and the center of the tail end of the nanometer-scale arc groove.
As shown in fig. 3, the coating 3 is cut along the symmetry line along half of the nanoscale linear grooves and the arc grooves along the lower edge of the coating to obtain a cross-sectional view of the microscale concave cavities and the nanoscale linear and arc grooves on the textured coating surface 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the textured tool material surface 2 is provided with a pattern of micro-scale cavities, in an array.
As shown in fig. 5, the cutting tool material 1 is cut along the center line of the cavities of one row of the array of cavities running parallel to the cutting edge to obtain a cross-sectional view of the micro-scale cavities on the textured tool material surface 2.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the invention comprises:
in the embodiment, the surface trans-scale composite micro-modeling cutter is made of YG6X hard alloy, the coating is TiAlN hard coating, and the coating mode is cathode arc physical evaporation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Pretreatment: polishing the front cutter surface of the cutter matrix material to a mirror surface with Ra less than 0.01, sequentially placing the mirror surface into aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 60g/L and sodium carbonate 75g/L, ultrasonically cleaning for 20min at the cleaning temperature of 45 ℃, removing oil stains and sweat stains on the surface, and fully drying;
(2) Laser machining textured tool material surfaces: adopts Nd: the YAG pulse laser carries out texturing treatment on the surface of a cutter material, the cutter is clamped on a workbench, the laser is adjusted to process an array micro-cavity texture morphology with the row number of 10x10 from the outside of the cutter to the inside of the cutter at the position, away from the main cutting edge, of 100 mu m, the diameter of the micro-cavity is d 1 = 100 mu m, the depth is h 1 = 10 mu m, the distance between the center of the micro-cavity on the surface of the cutter material and the trend of the cutting edge is L 1 = 600 mu m, the distance between the center of the micro-cavity on the surface of the cutter material and the trend of the cutting edge is L 2 = 600 mu m, the area occupation ratio is S 1 = 15%, and the textured cutter material surface is formed;
(3) Pretreatment of hard coating plating: placing the cutter for processing the surface of the textured substrate into an aqueous solution of 75g/L of sodium hydroxide and 60g/L of sodium carbonate, ultrasonically cleaning for 15min at a cleaning temperature of 50 ℃, removing surface processing residues and dust, quickly placing the cutter into a coating chamber which is pumped to a background vacuum degree of 8x10 < -3 > Pa after drying sufficiently, baking to 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 35min;
(4) Ion cleaning: ar gas is introduced, the pressure is 1.2Pa, a bias power supply is turned on, the voltage is 750V, the duty ratio is 0.2, the ion source is turned on to clean for 20min, an arc source is turned on, the bias voltage is 500V, the target current is 60A, and the ion bombardment is Ti0.5min;
(5) Depositing TiAlN: adjusting the working air pressure to 0.5pa, reducing the bias voltage to 200V, enabling the evaporation current to be 70A, enabling the deposition temperature to be 450 ℃, performing electric arc TiAlN plating for 30min, cooling to room temperature, and discharging;
(6) And (3) after hard coating plating: closing the TiAlN target source, and opening the ion source to bombard for 5-10 min. And (5) turning off the control power supply, the ion source and the gas source, and finishing the hard coating application.
(7) Laser machining textured coating surfaces: adopts Nd: the YAG pulse laser carries out texturing treatment on the surface of the hard coating, a coating cutter is clamped on a workbench, the laser is adjusted to be positioned in two areas of the surface of the hard coating, which are 100 mu m away from a main cutting edge and a secondary cutting edge respectively, and the machining points are 50 mu m away from the cutter tip respectively, 3 rows of 10 micro cavities per row are machined in the cutter from outside to inside, wherein the diameter of each micro cavity is d 2 = 100 mu m, the depth is h 3 = 10 mu m, the distance between the centers of the micro cavities along the longer direction of the array number is L 3 = 200 mu m, the distance between the centers of the micro cavities along the shorter direction of the array number is L 4 = 200 mu m, and the area occupation ratio is 10%; using a femtosecond laser to process linear nanoscale grooves with the length of a 1 =1800 mu m, the width of b 1 =200 nm, the depth of h 2 =50 nm, the spacing of L 4 =200 mu m and the area occupation ratio of S 2 =5% along a micro-cavity processing path by taking the centers of two micro-cavities closest to a cutter point as starting points; and (3) respectively using the centers of two micro-concave cavities, which are close to the tool tip, of 2 groups of 3 rows from the tool tip to the far end as starting points or end points by using a femtosecond laser, and processing 3 circular arc nanoscale grooves with the central angle degrees of n=120 degrees, the circular arc radiuses of r 1＝50μm、r2＝100μm、r3 =150 mu m, the widths of b 2 =200 nm and the area occupation ratios of S 3 =5%.
Claims (5)
1. The surface cross-scale composite micro-modeling cutter is characterized by comprising a cutter material (1) and a coating (2), wherein the micro-modeling morphology is arranged on the surface of the cutter material (1), the cutter material (1) is combined with the coating (2), and the composite micro-modeling morphology is arranged on the surface of the coating (2); the micro-molding is that micron-sized concave cavities are distributed on the surface of the cutter material (1) in an array manner, and the composite micro-molding is that micron-sized concave cavities, nanometer-sized linear grooves and nanometer-sized arc grooves are distributed on the surface of the coating (2) in an array manner; the micron-sized concave cavities distributed on the surface array of the cutter material (1) are d 1 =50-500 mu m in diameter, h 1 =5-20 mu m in depth, the distance L 1 =550-1000 mu m between the center of the concave cavities and the trend of the cutting edge are arranged in parallel, the distance L 2 =550-1000 mu m between the center of the concave cavities and the trend of the cutting edge are arranged vertically, and the area occupation ratio is S 1 =2% -50%; the diameter d 2 =50-500 μm of the micron-sized concave cavity on the surface of the coating (2), the depth h 3 =5-20 μm, the spacing L 3 =200-500 μm of the center of the concave cavity along the longer direction of the array number, the spacing L 4 =200-500 μm of the center of the concave cavity along the longer direction of the array number, the length a 1 =500-2000 μm of the nanometer-sized linear groove, the width b 1 =50-900 nm, the depth h 2 =30-500 nm and the area occupation ratio S 2 =2-30%; the nanoscale arc-shaped groove is formed by a central angle degree n=90-180 degrees, a radius r 1 =10-1000 mu m, a radius r 2 =10-1000 mu m, a radius r 3 =10-1000 mu m, a width b 2 =50-900 nm and an area occupation ratio S 3 =2-20%; the thickness of the coating (2) is 25-2000 mu m, and the thickness of the minimum coating (2) is larger than the maximum texture depth;
The center of the micron-level concave cavity and the center of the tail end of the nanoscale arc-shaped groove on the surface of the coating (2) are positioned on the same straight line along the symmetry line of the groove direction near the tail end point of the knife tip;
The distance between the geometric centers or the symmetrical lines of the feature shape is larger than the distance between the geometric centers or the symmetrical lines of the feature shape and the maximum edge outline of the area occupied by the micro-shape or the composite micro-shape; by surface edge distance greater than the diameter of the micro-or composite micro-feature is meant that the distance from the geometric center or line of symmetry of the micro-or composite micro-feature to the profile of the surface edge where it is located is greater than the distance from the geometric center or line of symmetry of the micro-or composite micro-feature to the maximum edge profile of the area occupied by the micro-or composite micro-feature.
2. A surface trans-scale composite micro-molding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool material (1) is one of high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramic, CBN, diamond material, and the coating (2) material is one of Al 2O3、TiC、TiCN、CrN、ZrN、C3N4 or TiAlN coating.
3. The processing method for manufacturing the cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) Polishing the front cutter surface of the cutter to a mirror surface with Ra less than 0.01, degreasing the surface, cleaning and sufficiently drying;
(B) Processing micro-cavity texture morphology uniformly distributed in a designated area of the front surface of the cutter surface to form a textured cutter surface;
(C) Depositing a coating on the surface of the textured tool;
(D) Processing a micrometer concave cavity and a nanometer groove morphology in a designated area of the coating surface to form a textured coating surface; the micron-sized concave cavity is processed by laser, and the adopted laser is Nd: YAG solid laser with 100-2000 μm pulse width, 100-500V pumping voltage, 1-100 Hz pulse frequency, 0mm defocus and 2.0-50 mm/s scanning rate; the nano-scale groove is processed by a femtosecond laser, the working medium is titanium precious stone, the laser wavelength is 800nm, the maximum energy of single pulse is 1mJ, and the pulse width is 120fs.
4. A method of treating a tool according to claim 3, wherein the composite micro-texturing is one or more of electrochemical machining, reactive ion etching, electro-discharge machining, photochemical etching or laser micro-texturing.
5. The method of treating a tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the coating process used for the coating (2) is one of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or cathodic arc physical evaporation.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108237236A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-03 | 济南大学 | Special-shaped texturing cutting tool and preparation method thereof |
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