CN108251783B - Preparation method of vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating on laser micro-texture surface - Google Patents
Preparation method of vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating on laser micro-texture surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN108251783B CN108251783B CN201711395150.7A CN201711395150A CN108251783B CN 108251783 B CN108251783 B CN 108251783B CN 201711395150 A CN201711395150 A CN 201711395150A CN 108251783 B CN108251783 B CN 108251783B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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Abstract
A preparation method of a laser micro-texture surface vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the surface of a base material; (2) scanning and processing the microtexture; (3) cleaning and vacuumizing; (4) preparing a coating; (5) and (5) post-treatment. The preparation method of the laser micro-texture surface vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating can reduce the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the metal surface, prolong the service life of the texture, and improve the binding force and the thermal fatigue performance of the coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a laser micro-texture surface vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating.
Background
The properties of metal surfaces of mechanical equipment play an important role in their reliable operation, where the tribological properties of the surface are one of the key factors determining the wear failure capability of mechanical parts. The frictional wear causes the surface shape and size of the mechanical equipment parts to be slowly and continuously damaged during the working process, and the working performance and reliability of the machine are reduced. Statistically, about 30% to 50% of the energy used in the world is consumed by friction, and the wear caused by friction is the main cause of failure of mechanical equipment, and about 80% of damaged parts are caused by various forms of wear.
In the current surface modification technology, the surface texturing technology based on surface bionics is a method which has great potential to improve the surface wear resistance at present, however, under the severe dry friction working condition, the structural abrasion loss of the texture is serious, and the service life of the material surface is reduced. Therefore, it is contemplated to prepare a special coating on the surface of the coating to provide protection to the texture while reducing frictional losses. At present, Mo in various solid self-lubricating materials has higher thermal conductivity and lower thermal diffusivity, can continuously work under the working condition of high friction heat, and is particularly suitable for working under the condition of sliding dry friction due to excellent surface wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a surface texture and plasma spraying self-lubricating composite antifriction coating. In the preparation method, on one hand, the existence of the solid self-lubricating coating can reduce the friction coefficient and prolong the service life of the texture, on the other hand, the introduction of the texture can store a lubricating material, can provide continuous lubrication for the coating, and can improve the binding force and the thermal fatigue performance of the coating.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of a vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating on a laser micro-texture surface, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of substrate surfaces
Cleaning and sandblasting the surface of the substrate;
(2) scanning micro-texture
Scanning and processing a micro-texture on the surface of the base material by using a solid pulse laser, wherein the shape of the texture is a sine curve, and the processing advancing direction is vertical to the working direction of the base material;
(3) vacuuming after cleaning
Ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the base material processed by the texture in the step (2), and putting the cleaned base material into a vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber;
(4) preparation of the coating
In a vacuum state, a plasma thermal spraying process is utilized to prepare a coating on the surface of a base material, wherein a NiAlMo binding layer is prepared by spraying at first, and then a Mo self-lubricating layer is prepared by spraying;
(5) post-treatment
And (4) naturally cooling the sprayed base material obtained in the step (4) to room temperature, and removing impurities on the surface of the coating by using compressed air.
Preferably, Al is selected for the sand blasting process in the step (1)2O3Or SiO2Particles having a roughness value Ra of 3 to 5 μm on the surface of the base material after sandblasting.
Preferably, the solid pulse laser in the step (2) is a pulse Nd: YAG laser, the scanning speed is 250-.
Preferably, the width of the microtexture curve in the step (2) is 150-300 μm, and the depth is 50-70 μm.
Preferably, the microtexture curves in the step (2) are distributed in parallel at equal intervals, and the interval is 3-4 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the NiAlMo bonding layer in the step (4) is 20-40 μm, and the thickness of the Mo self-lubricating layer is 50-80 μm.
Preferably, the powder feeding rate of the spraying process in the step (4) is 20-25g/min, and the spraying distance is 190-220 mm.
Preferably, the substrate sample keeps rotating in the preparation process of the coating in the step (4) at the rotating speed of 60-70r/min, and the back of the sample is cooled by compressed air.
Specifically, the laser parameters in the step (2) are shown in table 1, and the spray parameters in the step (4) are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
| Power, W | 80-100 |
| Scanning speed, mm/s | 250-270 |
| Spot diameter, μm | 100-200 |
| Number of scans | 3-5 |
| Pulse width, ns | 100-200 |
| Pulse frequency, kHz | 20-30 |
TABLE 2
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the preparation method, firstly, a sinusoidal curve is processed on the surface of a base material in a material removing mode to form a groove with a micro texture, then, a NiAlMo intermediate bonding layer is formed by spraying on the groove, and finally, a Mo self-lubricating coating is formed by spraying on the surface. The groove structure of the micro-texture can improve the bonding strength of a subsequent coating, more importantly, after the surface coating is abraded to a certain degree, the surface of the base material is partially exposed, and the texture can retain a solid self-lubricating material and gradually form a bionic wear-resistant layer. The NiAlMo bonding layer is mainly used for improving the bonding strength of the Mo spraying layer, and particularly improving the heat conduction capability of the coating under the working condition of high-speed dry friction and large heat generation, so that the impact toughness of the coating in the thermal cycle process is improved. The Mo self-lubricating coating mainly provides a solid self-lubricating surface condition for the material, and reduces the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite friction reducing coating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sinusoidal structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary spraying process in a vacuum chamber;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the wear of different coatings;
wherein:
LT-S/VPS-NM: the invention relates to a laser microtexture-sine curve/vacuum plasma spraying-NiAlMo combined layer and a Mo self-lubricating composite coating;
LT-C/VPS-NM: laser microtexturing-uniform micropore/vacuum plasma spraying-NiAlMo bonding layer and Mo self-lubricating composite coating;
VPS-NM: only using vacuum plasma spraying-NiAlMo combined layer and Mo self-lubricating coating;
VPS-M: only vacuum plasma spraying-Mo self-lubricating coating is used;
APS-M: only using atmospheric plasma spraying-Mo self-lubricating coating;
304L: uncoated 304L stainless steel substrate surface.
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the friction coefficients of different layers.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Pretreatment of substrate surfaces
Selecting stainless steel base material, removing oil and rust, cleaning surface, selecting Al2O3Carrying out sand blasting pretreatment on the particles, wherein the roughness value of the surface of the base material after sand blasting is Ra (equal to 3-5 micrometers);
(2) scanning micro-texture
Scanning and processing the microtexture on the surface of the substrate by using a pulse Nd-YAG laser, wherein the laser parameters are as follows: the scanning speed is 250mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 200 mu m, the pulse width is 200ns, and the pulse frequency is 30 kHz; the texture shape is a sine curve, as shown in fig. 2, the curve equation is that y is 2sin (36x), the curves are distributed in parallel at equal intervals, and the interval is 3 mm; the processing advancing direction is vertical to the working direction of the base material;
(3) vacuuming after cleaning
Ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the base material processed by the texture in the step (2), and putting the cleaned base material into a vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber;
(4) preparation of the coating
As shown in fig. 3, in a vacuum state, a plasma thermal spraying process is used for preparing a coating on the surface of a base material, the spraying parameters are shown in table 2, a NiAlMo bonding layer is firstly prepared by spraying, the thickness is 40 μm, then a Mo self-lubricating layer is prepared by spraying, the thickness is 50 μm, the powder feeding rate of the spraying process is 20g/min, the spraying distance is 220mm, a base material sample keeps rotating in the preparation process of the coating, the rotating speed is 60-70r/min, and the back of the sample is cooled by compressed air;
(5) post-treatment
And (4) naturally cooling the sprayed base material obtained in the step (4) to room temperature, and removing impurities on the surface of the coating by using compressed air.
The structure of the resulting coating is schematically shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
SiO is selected in the step (1)2Carrying out sand blasting pretreatment on the particles;
the laser parameters in the step (2) are as follows: the scanning speed is 270mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 100 mu m, the pulse width is 100ns, the pulse frequency is 20kHz, and the curve spacing is 4 mm;
in the step (4), the thickness of the NiAlMo combined layer is 20 micrometers, the thickness of the Mo self-lubricating layer is 80 micrometers, the powder feeding rate of the spraying process is 25g/min, and the spraying distance is 190 mm.
Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
the laser parameters in the step (2) are as follows: the scanning speed is 260mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 150 mu m, the pulse width is 150ns, the pulse frequency is 25kHz, and the curve spacing is 3.5 mm;
in the step (4), the thickness of the NiAlMo combined layer is 30 micrometers, the thickness of the Mo self-lubricating layer is 70 micrometers, the powder feeding rate of the spraying process is 22g/min, and the spraying distance is 200 mm.
Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
And (3) wear test:
the coating of the substrate obtained in example 1 was taken and examined for the amount of wear and the coefficient of friction under the following experimental conditions.
Experimental equipment: CETR-UMT-3MO type multifunctional friction and wear testing machine manufactured by BRUKER company;
the friction mode is as follows: reciprocating dry friction;
test environment temperature: room temperature;
the contact mode is as follows: ball-to-disk contact;
grinding balls are ground: a bearing steel ball with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
test time: 240 min;
sliding speed: 8 mm/s;
test load: 10N.
The test results are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
In terms of abrasion loss, as shown in fig. 4, the abrasion loss of the coating prepared by the method is always kept low in a continuous friction and abrasion test for 4 hours. From the early stage and the middle stage of the friction experiment, the wear resistance of the four vacuum plasma spraying layers is obviously superior to that of the atmospheric plasma spraying layer and the matrix, the four coatings are not greatly different from each other, the coating prepared by the method is slightly superior to the other three coatings, but in the later period of the experiment, through longer-time abrasion, the abrasion loss of the Mo self-lubricating layer and the NiAlMo binding layer is accumulated to a certain degree, part of the Mo self-lubricating layer and the NiAlMo binding layer are exposed, the action of the laser micro-texture begins to be embodied, the abrasion loss of the coating prepared by the method is the lowest, and then the laser micropore composite soil coating is carried out, then a non-texture vacuum spraying layer is carried out, which shows that the laser micro-texture has obvious effect on improving the continuous abrasion resistance of the stainless steel surface, the abrasion loss of the surface of the material can be greatly reduced by changing the friction condition and mechanism, preserving and continuously releasing the self-lubricating material and the like, meanwhile, compared with the uniformly distributed micro-porous texture, the sinusoidal micro-texture is more effective in improving the abrasion resistance; in addition, compared with the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying, the vacuum plasma rotary spraying adopted by the method can obtain a more compact coating, so that the abrasion loss of the coating is further reduced, and the service life of the material is further prolonged.
In the aspect of friction coefficient, as shown in fig. 5, the first half section (1-2Hours) of the experiment mainly shows the antifriction effect of the Mo self-lubricating surface layer, the friction coefficient of the vacuum plasma spraying layer adopted in the invention is obviously lower than that of an atmospheric spraying layer, and a compact coating obtained in vacuum is more beneficial to reducing the friction coefficient; in the second half of the experiment (3-4Hours), due to the accumulation of the abrasion loss, part of the surface of the substrate is exposed, and the composite antifriction effect of the laser texture and the coating is embodied. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the existence of the laser texture enables the surface of the material to still maintain a lower friction coefficient under the condition of long-time friction and wear, and particularly, the sinusoidal microtexture adopted by the invention has the lowest friction coefficient on the surface compared with the conventional uniformly distributed microporous texture, so that the composite antifriction coating prepared by the invention is more effective in reducing the surface friction coefficient.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a laser micro-texture surface vacuum plasma self-lubricating coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of substrate surfaces
Cleaning and sandblasting the surface of the substrate;
(2) scanning micro-texture
Scanning and processing a micro-texture on the surface of the base material by using a solid pulse laser, wherein the shape of the texture is a sine curve, and the processing advancing direction is vertical to the working direction of the base material;
(3) vacuuming after cleaning
Ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the base material processed by the texture in the step (2), and putting the cleaned base material into a vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber;
(4) preparation of the coating
In a vacuum state, a plasma thermal spraying process is utilized to prepare a coating on the surface of a base material, wherein a NiAlMo binding layer is prepared by spraying at first, and then a Mo self-lubricating layer is prepared by spraying;
(5) post-treatment
Naturally cooling the sprayed base material obtained in the step (4) to room temperature, and removing impurities on the surface of the coating by using compressed air;
wherein, Al is selected for the sand blasting process in the step (1)2O3Or SiO2Particles, the roughness value of the surface of the base material after sand blasting is Ra 3-5 μm;
YAG laser, scanning speed 250-;
the width of the microtexture curve in the step (2) is 150-300 μm, and the depth is 50-70 μm;
the micro-texture curves in the step (2) are distributed in parallel at equal intervals, and the intervals are 3-4 mm;
the thickness of the NiAlMo bonding layer in the step (4) is 20-40 μm, and the thickness of the Mo self-lubricating layer is 50-80 μm;
the powder feeding speed of the spraying process in the step (4) is 20-25g/min, and the spraying distance is 190-220 mm;
and (4) in the coating preparation process, the base material sample keeps rotating at the rotating speed of 60-70r/min, and the back of the sample is cooled by compressed air.
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