CN115709370A - Method for preparing micron-sized texture on surface of object - Google Patents
Method for preparing micron-sized texture on surface of object Download PDFInfo
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- CN115709370A CN115709370A CN202211551718.0A CN202211551718A CN115709370A CN 115709370 A CN115709370 A CN 115709370A CN 202211551718 A CN202211551718 A CN 202211551718A CN 115709370 A CN115709370 A CN 115709370A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a micron-order texture on the surface of an object, which comprises the following steps of S1, preprocessing a substrate sample to reduce the surface hardness of the substrate sample; s2, carrying out ultrasonic shot blasting treatment on the matrix by adopting ultrasonic shot blasting equipment to obtain a micron-sized texture on the surface of the matrix; setting ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic shot blasting time and efficiency according to the initial hardness of the matrix material, and selecting the size, the material and the quantity of the shots according to the micro-texture parameters expected to be prepared; and S3, after ultrasonic shot blasting, performing rolling treatment on the prepared micro-texture, wherein the medium used for rolling is the shot with the same diameter used for ultrasonic shot blasting. The invention carries out ultrasonic shot blasting on the surface of an object based on ultrasonic equipment, can obtain a micron-sized texture on the surface of the object only through short impact of several minutes, can greatly reduce the preparation cost, and is simple and convenient to operate; meanwhile, the negative influence caused by roughness is reduced to the minimum while the friction coefficient is reduced by carrying out ultrasonic rolling treatment on the microtexture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material surface treatment, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a micron-sized texture on the surface of an object.
Background
The surface texturing is to use proper processing equipment, technical means and the like to generate a series of micro structures with a certain distribution rule and corresponding sizes on the surface of an object, the micro structures can store certain lubricating oil and generated abrasive dust when the object is subjected to friction and abrasion, the stored lubricating oil can furthest ensure the lubrication of a friction surface while reducing the abrasion of abrasive particles caused by the abrasive dust, and the tribology or other aspects of performances of a lubrication contact surface are improved.
Surface texture has now proven to be an effective means of improving the tribological properties of surfaces, and surface texture with appropriate parameters can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction and wear volume of a friction pair compared to a non-textured surface, but has not yet formed a clear design criterion. Overall, the most significant factors affecting the coefficient of friction are the fraction of area occupied by the pits (affecting roughness), followed by pit depth and pit diameter.
The existing means for texturing is mainly laser processing, however, due to the existence of a large number of variables and the complexity of control equations, the search for optimal texturing parameters (size, geometry, distribution, etc.) still has certain challenges and difficulties, even with large deviations or distinct differences between some research conclusions. In addition, the design of the surface texture greatly depends on the working environment and the type of contact, and in certain cases, if the design is not proper, the adverse effect is easily caused. In addition, laser shock devices are prohibitively expensive to manufacture, and if the laser is used to shock the surface only to achieve microtexture, the cost will be much greater than the performance benefits of microtexture.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing the micron-grade texture on the surface of the object aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method is based on ultrasonic shot blasting on the surface of the object by ultrasonic equipment, and the micron-grade texture can be obtained on the surface of the object only by short impact of a few minutes, so that the preparation cost can be greatly reduced, and the operation is simple and convenient; meanwhile, the friction coefficient is reduced by carrying out ultrasonic rolling treatment on the microtexture, and meanwhile, the negative influence on the roughness is reduced to the minimum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for preparing micron-scale texture on the surface of an object comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing a matrix sample to reduce the surface hardness of the matrix sample;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic shot blasting treatment on the matrix by adopting ultrasonic shot blasting equipment to obtain a micron-sized texture on the surface of the matrix; setting ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic shot blasting time and efficiency according to the initial hardness of the matrix material, and selecting the size, the material and the quantity of the shots according to the desired micro-texture parameters;
and S3, after ultrasonic shot blasting, rolling the prepared micro texture, wherein the medium used for rolling is the shot with the same diameter used for ultrasonic shot blasting.
In the above scheme, in step S1, the method for pretreating the substrate comprises: the matrix is tempered for 1 to 3 times in a heat preservation furnace at 530 to 800 ℃, and the tempering time is kept between 1 to 3 hours each time.
In the scheme, in the step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is set to be 5-30 kHZ, the amplitude is set to be 30-60 mu m, the ultrasonic shot blasting time is set to be 1S-20 min, and the efficiency is set to be more than 50%; if the surface hardness of the matrix is lower than 50HRC, selecting smaller ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic shot blasting time and efficiency within the parameter range; if the surface hardness of the matrix is higher than 50HRC, the ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic peening time and efficiency are selected to be larger within the parameter range.
In the above scheme, in step S2, the microtexture parameters include surface roughness of the texture, pit depth, and pit diameter; the diameter of the shot is 0.5 mm-4 mm, the material of the shot needs to ensure that the rigidity and the toughness of the shot are both larger than those of the metal matrix, and the number of the shot is controlled to be 20-40.
In the above scheme, in step S3, the rolling method is: fixing the sample firstly, then fixing the projectile used in the S2 on rolling equipment, applying acting force on the rolling equipment, namely ensuring enough pressure on the sample, ensuring that the projectile cannot rotate, and performing reciprocating motion while rolling so as to ensure that the rolling area is uniform and consistent.
In the scheme, in the step S3, the rolling time is 30S-8 min.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises: and S4, after rolling, cleaning the surface of the test piece, and cleaning the ultrasonic shot blasting and shot powder remained on the surface during rolling.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises: and S5, after the preparation is finished, carrying out heat treatment on the sample for 25-60 min at the temperature of 900-1090 ℃, and then quenching the sample in oil liquid at the temperature of 60 ℃ to ensure the hardness of the prepared micron-sized texture.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises: and S6, cleaning impurities remained on the surface of the sample after oil quenching, and cleaning the sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts ultrasonic shot blasting to process the surface of the metal matrix, and can prepare a microtexture suitable for the surface mechanical property of the object on the surface of the object by setting suitable frequency, amplitude, efficiency and shot blasting time and suitable size, material and quantity of shots to reduce the friction coefficient and abrasion loss of the object during friction to the maximum extent. When the ultrasonic shot blasting is carried out, the bearing capacity of different areas to the impact force is different, so that the texture parameters (size, geometry and distribution) of the micron-sized pits generated by impact in different areas are influenced by the intermolecular action of the micron-sized pits, micron-sized textures suitable for the mechanical property of the areas are generated, the intermolecular acting force is balanced, the stress state of the surface of an object is more stable, certain lubricating oil and generated abrasive dust can be stored when the object is rubbed and worn, the stored lubricating oil can furthest ensure the lubrication of the friction surface while the abrasion of the abrasive particles caused by the abrasive dust is furthest reduced, and the tribology or other aspects of properties of the lubricated contact surface are improved.
2. In order to reduce the influence of ultrasonic shot blasting on the surface roughness of the object, the invention uses the same shot as a medium to roll the texture surface after the ultrasonic shot blasting is finished, can effectively improve the surface roughness of the object, and can not bring great negative effects on the antifriction and loss reduction effects of the object.
3. The method can obtain a micron-grade texture on the surface of the object only through short-time ultrasonic shot blasting treatment of a few minutes, thereby effectively realizing the friction reduction and the loss reduction of the object in the process of friction with the outside. Compared with the existing laser impact, the preparation cost is greatly reduced, the operation is simple and convenient, the array of the texture is not required to be designed, and only impact shots with different sizes are required to be selected according to the size requirement range of the texture. Therefore, the invention can be widely applied to the fields of antifriction and loss reduction of the surfaces of engine cylinder sleeves, sliding bearings, gears and mechanical devices.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a 2-dimensional contour map of a surface micro-scale texture prepared by ultrasonic peening according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 2-dimensional profile of a rolled surface micro-scale texture produced by ultrasonic peening;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the change of the friction coefficient with time of three groups of samples in the embodiment of the invention, wherein the three groups of samples are respectively ground by a ceramic ball, an original sample with a micron-sized texture on the surface, a metal sample with a micron-sized texture on the surface and a metal sample with a rolling treatment on the micron-sized texture within 20 min.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a micron-sized texture on the surface of an object, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing a metal matrix sample. Tempering the mixture for three times in a heat preservation furnace at 530-800 ℃, wherein the tempering time is kept about 1-3 hours each time. The carbides (MC, M) in the structure of the metal sample are made by pretreatment 2 C,M 6 C,M 23 C 6 Etc.) to reduce the surface hardness, thereby facilitating the formation of better micron-level texture.
And S2, carrying out ultrasonic shot blasting treatment on the substrate by adopting ultrasonic shot blasting equipment to obtain a micron-grade texture on the surface of the substrate. The ultrasonic shot blasting equipment comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an amplitude transformer, an ultrasonic spray head and a shot blasting cavity, wherein the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic transducer, the amplitude transformer and the ultrasonic spray head are sequentially connected, the upper end of the ultrasonic spray head is inserted into the shot blasting cavity, a plurality of shots are spread on the surface of the ultrasonic spray head, a metal matrix is placed at the upper end of the shot blasting cavity and fixed through a tool, and a certain distance is reserved between the shots and the metal matrix to facilitate the vibration of the ultrasonic spray head. Setting proper frequency, amplitude, efficiency and shot blasting time by an ultrasonic generator, and then starting ultrasonic shot blasting equipment to perform shot blasting treatment on the surface of the metal matrix.
Wherein, the ultrasonic frequency, the amplitude, the ultrasonic shot blasting time and the efficiency are set according to the initial hardness of the matrix material, the ultrasonic frequency is set to be 5-30 kHZ, the amplitude is set to be 30-60 mu m, the ultrasonic shot blasting time is set to be 1 s-20 min, and the efficiency is set to be more than 50% (in order to ensure that enough micron-sized pits are generated on the metal surface after shot blasting, and the pits form a rough peak and a micro pit which are formed on the matrix surface and are subjected to photovoltaic formation to form a micron-sized texture together); if the surface hardness of the matrix is lower than 50HRC, selecting smaller ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic shot blasting time and efficiency within the parameter range; if the surface hardness of the matrix is higher than 50HRC, the ultrasonic frequency, the amplitude, the ultrasonic shot blasting time and the efficiency are selected to be larger in the parameter range.
The size, material and quantity of the projectile are selected according to the micro-texture parameters expected to be prepared, the micro-texture parameters comprise the surface roughness, the pit depth and the pit diameter of the texture, the surface roughness refers to the small distance and the unevenness of tiny peaks and valleys (namely pits) on the processed surface, the smaller the surface roughness is, the smoother the surface is, but the contact area with other objects is increased; the pit on the surface can effectively reduce the contact area of the metal matrix and an external object, so that the metal matrix is less scratched and abraded, the depth of the pit is not easy to be too small and too large, the contact area of the matrix and the external object cannot be effectively reduced due to too small depth, and the surface roughness can be excessively increased due to too large depth. The larger the diameter and the larger the number of the shots, the larger the depth and the diameter of the pits in the micron-scale texture of the prepared surface, and the roughness is increased, but the contact area is reduced. In order to balance the roughness and the contact area (ensure that the roughness is as small as possible under a small contact area), the diameter of the shot is generally selected to be 0.5-4 mm, the material of the shot needs to ensure that the rigidity and the toughness of the shot are both larger than those of a metal matrix, in addition, the number of the shot is also proper, and the number of the shot is controlled to be 20-40, so that pits can be generated during ultrasonic shot blasting.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic peening produces a 2-dimensional profile of the surface micro-scale texture, and as can be seen from the figure, the surface of the profile has peaks and valleys composed of a plurality of pits with the height of-20 μm to 20 μm, which effectively reduces the contact area with other objects, however, the surface roughness is increased at the same time.
And S3, rolling the prepared micro-texture after ultrasonic shot blasting. In order to ensure that the surface roughness of the microtexture is proper, the contact area with other objects can be effectively reduced, and adverse effects caused by overlarge roughness can be avoided, and the prepared microtexture can be rolled after ultrasonic shot blasting. To ensure the rolling effect, the medium used for rolling is a shot of the same diameter as that used for ultrasonic peening (too small a diameter, the time required for rolling increases, too large a diameter, and larger pit diameters may be generated during rolling). The rolling time is 30 s-8 min.
The specific rolling method comprises the following steps: fixing the sample firstly, then fixing the projectile used in S2 on rolling equipment, applying acting force on the rolling equipment, namely ensuring enough pressure on the sample, ensuring that the projectile cannot rotate and does reciprocating motion while rolling, and ensuring that the rolling area is uniform and consistent. Because the shot moves back and forth while rolling, the contact area with the sample is gradually increased, and the roughness generated after the sample is strengthened by the shot in the previous step can be further improved in the rolling process.
As shown in fig. 2, the 2-dimensional profile of the surface micro-texture prepared by ultrasonic peening after rolling shows that the pit diameter of the surface is greatly reduced after rolling, and the height of the peak and the trough of the surface consisting of pits is-10 μm to 8 μm, so that compared with fig. 1, the roughness is improved while the smaller contact area is ensured.
And S4, after rolling, cleaning the surface of the test piece by using acetone, and cleaning the ultrasonic shot blasting and the shot powder remained on the surface during rolling.
And S5, after the preparation is finished, carrying out heat treatment on the sample for 25-60 min at the temperature of 900-1090 ℃, and then quenching the sample in oil liquid at the temperature of 60 ℃ so as to ensure that the prepared micron-sized texture has high enough hardness.
And S6, cleaning impurities remained on the surface of the sample after oil quenching by using acetone, and cleaning the sample.
In order to consider the effect of the micron-scale texture on the prepared metal surface, whether the friction coefficient of the sample can be effectively reduced when the sample is subjected to frictional wear or not is judged. Three groups of metal samples are put into a friction wear sample to be worn for 20min, and a friction pair which is opposite to the friction wear sample is a ceramic ball (Si) with the diameter of 6mm 3 N 4 ). The three groups of metal samples are respectively: the change curve of the friction coefficient of three groups of samples along with time within 20min of grinding is shown in figure 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the friction coefficient of the experimental group of surface micro-scale textures prepared by ultrasonic peening was greatly reduced compared to the original test piece. On the one hand, the friction coefficient is reduced due to the existence of micron-sized texture; on the other hand, micron-sized pits are generated on the surface of the object during ultrasonic shot blasting, abrasive dust generated in the friction and wear process can be effectively stored, abrasive wear among the object, the friction ball and the abrasive dust is avoided as much as possible, and the effects of reducing friction and reducing wear are greatly improved. In order to improve the roughness of the surface micro-texture, the rolling process of S3 is performed, and the friction coefficient is slightly increased after the rolling process, but is still greatly reduced compared to the original sample. I.e. the negative effects of roughness are minimized while reducing the coefficient of friction.
The only difference between the original sample and the experimental group is whether the surface has a micron-order texture or not and whether the surface is rolled, and the control group is also processed with steps S1, S7, and S8 before the friction test.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing micron-scale texture on the surface of an object is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preprocessing a matrix sample to reduce the surface hardness of the matrix sample;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic shot blasting treatment on the matrix by adopting ultrasonic shot blasting equipment to obtain a micron-sized texture on the surface of the matrix; setting ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic shot blasting time and efficiency according to the initial hardness of the matrix material, and selecting the size, the material and the quantity of the shots according to the micro-texture parameters expected to be prepared;
and S3, after ultrasonic shot blasting, performing rolling treatment on the prepared micro-texture, wherein the medium used for rolling is the shot with the same diameter used for ultrasonic shot blasting.
2. The method for preparing the micron-sized texture on the surface of the object according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the method for preprocessing the substrate comprises the following steps: the matrix is tempered for 1 to 3 times in a heat preservation furnace at 530 to 800 ℃, and the tempering time is kept between 1 to 3 hours each time.
3. The method for preparing the micron-sized texture on the surface of the object according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is set to be 5 to 30kHZ, the amplitude is set to be 30 to 60 μm, the ultrasonic shot blasting time is set to be 1 to 20min, and the efficiency is set to be more than 50%; if the surface hardness of the matrix is lower than 50HRC, selecting smaller ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic shot blasting time and efficiency within the parameter range; if the surface hardness of the matrix is higher than 50HRC, the ultrasonic frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic peening time and efficiency are selected to be larger within the parameter range.
4. The method for preparing micron-sized texture on the surface of an object according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the microtexture parameters comprise the surface roughness, the pit depth and the pit diameter of the texture; the diameter of the shot is 0.5 mm-4 mm, the material of the shot needs to ensure that the rigidity and the toughness of the shot are both larger than those of the metal matrix, and the number of the shot is controlled to be 20-40.
5. The method for preparing the micro-scale texture on the surface of the object according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the rolling method comprises: fixing the sample firstly, then fixing the projectile used in the S2 on rolling equipment, applying acting force on the rolling equipment, namely ensuring enough pressure on the sample, ensuring that the projectile cannot rotate, and performing reciprocating motion while rolling so as to ensure that the rolling area is uniform and consistent.
6. The method for preparing the micro-scale texture on the surface of the object according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the rolling time is 30S-8 min.
7. The method for preparing the micro-scale texture on the surface of the object according to claim 1, further comprising: and S4, after rolling, cleaning the surface of the test piece, and cleaning the ultrasonic shot blasting and shot powder remained on the surface during rolling.
8. The method for preparing the micro-scale texture on the surface of the object according to claim 7, further comprising: and S5, after the preparation is finished, carrying out heat treatment on the sample for 25-60 min at the temperature of 900-1090 ℃, and then quenching the sample in oil at the temperature of 60 ℃ to ensure the hardness of the prepared micron-sized texture.
9. The method for preparing the micro-scale texture on the surface of the object according to claim 8, further comprising: and S6, cleaning impurities remained on the surface of the sample after oil quenching, and cleaning the sample.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115627471A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-20 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of tungsten carbide reinforced coating on metal surface |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115627471A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-20 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of tungsten carbide reinforced coating on metal surface |
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