CN114908339A - Preparation method of laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN114908339A CN114908339A CN202210455501.3A CN202210455501A CN114908339A CN 114908339 A CN114908339 A CN 114908339A CN 202210455501 A CN202210455501 A CN 202210455501A CN 114908339 A CN114908339 A CN 114908339A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1813—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by radiant energy
- C23C18/182—Radiation, e.g. UV, laser
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Abstract
A preparation method of a laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating belongs to the field of metal surface treatment, and comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the surface of a base material; (2) scanning and processing the microtexture; (3) cleaning and chemical plating pretreatment; (4) and (4) coating preparation. The preparation method of the laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy mud-proof composite coating can improve the contact angle of water-based drilling fluid on the surface of metal, improve the mud-proof adhesion capability of the metal, and improve the binding force and the thermal fatigue performance of the coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating.
Background
In the exploration and development process of unconventional oil and gas resources, the problem of 'mud pack' of a PDC drill bit needs to be solved urgently. When the PDC drill bit is wrapped by mud, the cutting teeth of the PDC drill bit cannot be in direct contact with a rock stratum due to the wrapping of argillaceous rock debris, so that the rock breaking efficiency is influenced, and the mechanical drilling rate ROP is reduced finally; meanwhile, the mud drum can prevent the drilling fluid from effectively cooling the PDC cutting teeth (the abrasion speed can be rapidly increased when the temperature of the cutting teeth is higher than 350 ℃), and the service life of the cutting teeth is shortened. In addition, during tripping, the bit mud bags may cause pressure fluctuation and suction pressure, and during tripping, severe drilling accidents such as well kick and even blowout may be caused. Therefore, the mudpack seriously affects the drilling and well-building cycle, resulting in a great loss of time and waste of additional materials, greatly increasing the drilling cost. Therefore, the phenomenon of 'balling' seriously restricts the wider application of the PDC drill bit in the drilling field of special strata such as shale oil-gas layers and the like, so that the problem of 'balling' of the PDC drill bit is significant to the improvement of the drilling efficiency, the shortening of the drilling period and the reduction of the drilling cost.
The nickel-phosphorus alloy plating layer prepared by the chemical plating technology has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, is suitable for strengthening the surface of a PDC drill bit matrix, and still needs to improve the hydrophobic property of the surface so as to improve the problem of mud entrapment. The laser texture technology can effectively improve the hydrophobicity of the surface, and the combination of the technology and the plating preparation technology is expected to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating by combining a laser texturing technology with a chemical nickel-phosphorus alloy plating layer. In the preparation method, on one hand, the existence of the nickel-phosphorus alloy plating layer improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance, on the other hand, the introduction of the texture enhances the surface hydrophobicity, and the texture can improve the bonding force and the thermal fatigue performance of the plating layer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of substrate surfaces
Cleaning and pretreating the surface of the base material;
(2) scanning micro-texture
And scanning and processing a micro texture on the surface of the base material by using a solid pulse laser, wherein the texture is in a grid line shape, and the processing advancing direction is vertical to the working direction of the base material. The technological parameters of laser scanning processing of the microtexture are as follows: the scanning speed is 250-300mm/s, the spot diameter is 100-200 μm, the pulse width is 100-200ns, the pulse frequency is 20-30kHz, and the scanning times are 3-5;
(3) cleaning and chemical plating pretreatment
Carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the surface of the base material subjected to the texture processing in the step (2), and carrying out oil removal treatment and acid pickling activation treatment after cleaning;
(4) preparation of the coating
And (4) carrying out chemical plating on the substrate treated in the step (3) by using a water bath kettle to form a Ni-P alloy plating layer.
Preferably, in step (1), the roughness value of the surface of the substrate after cleaning is Ra 1 to 2 μm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the solid-state pulse laser is a pulsed Nd: YAG laser.
Preferably, in step (2), the grid lines have a width of 20-40 μm and a depth of 20-40 μm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the grid lines are distributed in parallel at equal intervals, and the interval is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the degreasing treatment is performed using a NaOH solution, and the acid washing activation treatment is performed using an HCl solution.
Preferably, in the step (4), the thickness of the Ni-P plating layer is 5-10 μm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the electroless plating solution is 89 +/-2 ℃, and the pH value is 4.8.
Specifically, the laser parameters in the step (2) are shown in table 1, and the electroless plating composition in the step (4) is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the preparation method, firstly, the laser micro-texture processing is carried out on the surface of the base material in a material removing mode to form a micro-texture groove, and then a Ni-P alloy anti-mud-coating layer is chemically plated on the groove. The groove structure of the microtexture can improve the bonding strength and the thermal fatigue performance of a subsequent plating layer, more importantly, the existence of the microtexture can improve the hydrophobicity of the surface and reduce the spreading and adhesion of slurry on the surface, and the Ni-P alloy anti-balling plating layer can provide wear-resistant and erosion-resistant surface conditions, reduce the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss and improve the erosion performance. The laser texture technology and the chemical plating technology are combined and applied to the surface processing of the PDC drill bit, so that the PDC drill bit has multiple excellent performances such as high hydrophobicity, high wear resistance and erosion resistance, and the problem of mud pocket of the PDC drill bit is effectively solved. And moreover, by the processing technology of processing the micro-texture on the surface of the base material and then chemically plating the Ni-P alloy anti-balling coating, even if the Ni-P alloy anti-balling coating of the composite coating is seriously worn and leaks out of part of the base material, the coating of the Ni-P alloy anti-balling coating between the textures is still reserved, so that the surface of the material still has high hydrophobic property and wear-resistant and erosion-resistant properties. The composite effect of the microtexture and the nickel-phosphorus alloy ensures the long-term use effect of the PDC drill bit, and particularly, the composite plating layer with the grid-type texture has better excellent hydrophobic property and wear-resistant and erosion-resistant properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite mud bag resistant coating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a grid structure, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a left-view direction structure and (b) is a schematic diagram of a main-view direction structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser texturing and electroless plating process;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing contact angles of water-based drilling fluids on composite coatings of different texture types;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the contact angles of water-based drilling fluids on composite coatings at different area ratios;
among them, in fig. 4 and 5:
RT: the invention relates to a laser microtexture-grid line/chemical plating deposition-Ni-P anti-mud-coating composite plating layer;
LT: the invention relates to a laser microtexture-straight line/chemical plating deposition-Ni-P anti-mud-coating composite plating layer;
ST: the invention relates to a laser microtexture-sine curve/chemical plating deposition-Ni-P anti-mud-coating composite plating layer;
42 CrMo: the surface of a 42CrMo steel matrix without a coating.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
(1) pretreatment of substrate surfaces
Selecting a 42CrMo steel base material, removing oil and rust, wherein the roughness value of the surface-cleaned base material is Ra 1-2 mu m;
(2) scanning micro-texture
YAG laser is used for scanning and processing a micro texture on the surface of a substrate, the processing advancing direction is vertical to the working direction of the substrate, the texture is in a grid line shape, as shown in figure 2, the included angle of the crossed straight lines is 90 degrees, and the grid lines are distributed in parallel at equal intervals. The microtextured surface with a pitch of 0.10mm is machined by adopting the following process parameters: the power is 8W, the scanning speed is 300mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 200 mu m, the pulse width is 150ns, the pulse frequency is 30kHz, and the scanning is carried out for 4 times; the micro-texture surface with the interval of 0.15mm is processed by adopting the following process parameters: the power is 10W, the scanning speed is 250mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 100 mu m, the pulse width is 100ns, the pulse frequency is 20kHz, and 5 times of scanning are carried out; the micro-texture surface with the interval of 0.20mm is processed by adopting the following process parameters: the power was 12W, the scanning speed was 280mm/s, the spot diameter was 200 μm, the pulse width was 200ns, the pulse frequency was 25kHz, and 3 scans were performed.
(3) Cleaning and chemical plating pretreatment
Carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the surface of the base material processed by the texture in the step (2), carrying out oil removal treatment by using NaOH solution after cleaning, and carrying out acid pickling and activating treatment by using HCl solution;
(4) preparation of the coating
As shown in fig. 3, under the water bath heating condition, the chemical plating process is used to deposit a plating layer on the surface of the textured substrate, the chemical plating component parameters are shown in table 2, the thickness of the Ni-P anti-mud-coating plating layer is 6 μm, the temperature of the chemical plating solution is 89 ± 2 ℃, and the pH value is 4.8;
the structure of the obtained coating is schematically shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2:
example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
the texture shape selected in the step (2) is a straight line;
otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
Example 3:
example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
the texture shape selected in the step (2) is a sine curve;
the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 4:
example 4 differs from example 1 in that:
the processing of steps (2) to (4) is not performed.
Contact angle measurement test:
the substrate coatings obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the steel substrate obtained in example 4 were used, and the surface contact angles thereof were examined under the following experimental conditions.
Experimental equipment: model SL200KB dynamic/static contact angle measuring instrument of koro, usa;
the test mode is as follows: a sitting drop method;
test environment temperature: room temperature;
measuring a medium: a water-based drilling fluid;
the test results are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
As shown in figures 4 and 5, the drilling fluid contact angle of the 42CrMo steel matrix is only 76 degrees, and the contact angle of the drilling fluid belongs to a hydrophilic surface, while the contact angles of three textured composite coatings of a grid texture, a linear texture and a sinusoidal texture prepared by the method exceed 90 degrees, so that the laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating prepared by the preparation method can greatly improve the contact angle of the drilling fluid, and the surface of the coating becomes a hydrophobic surface.
The contact angle of the drilling fluid of the grid type texture adopted by the invention is the largest, the contact angle is higher than about 75.69% of the contact angle of the 42CrMo steel surface, and the contact angle of the drilling fluid is larger than that of the drilling fluid of the linear type texture and the sine type texture. And the drilling fluid contact angle of the composite plating layer with the grid type texture is increased along with the increase of the texture spacing, and the drilling fluid contact angle of the composite plating layer with the grid type texture is in the trend of increasing first and then decreasing along with the area rate.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a laser-textured nickel-phosphorus alloy anti-balling composite coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of substrate surfaces
Cleaning and pretreating the surface of a base material;
(2) scanning micro-texture
Scanning and processing a micro-texture on the surface of the base material by using a solid pulse laser, wherein the texture is in a grid line shape, and the processing advancing direction is vertical to the working direction of the base material;
(3) cleaning and chemical plating pretreatment
Carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the surface of the base material subjected to the texture processing in the step (2), and carrying out oil removal treatment and acid pickling activation treatment after cleaning;
(4) preparation of the coating
Carrying out chemical plating on the substrate treated in the step (3) by using a water bath kettle to form a Ni-P alloy plating layer;
wherein the roughness value of the surface of the base material after cleaning in the step (1) is Ra 1-2 μm;
YAG laser, scanning speed is 250-;
the width of the grid curve in the step (2) is 20-40 μm, and the depth is 20-40 μm;
the grid curves in the step (2) are distributed in parallel at equal intervals, and the interval is 0.1-0.2 mm;
NaOH solution is used in the oil removing treatment in the step (3), and HCl solution is used in the acid washing activation treatment;
the thickness of the Ni-P plating layer in the step (4) is 5-10 mu m;
the temperature of the chemical plating solution in the step (4) is 89 +/-2 ℃, and the pH value is 4.8.
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| CN113463007A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-01 | 中国石油大学胜利学院 | Preparation method of sinusoidal gradient microtexture plasma coating |
| US20220049325A1 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-17 | Dalian University Of Technology | Method for protection against fretting fatigue by compound modification via laser shock peening and coating lubrication |
| CN114250464A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Composite reinforced cladding layer with antifriction and wear-resistant performances and preparation method and application thereof |
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2022
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| CN101024879A (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2007-08-29 | 中国重型汽车集团有限公司 | Chemical plating liquid of high-phosphor chemical plating Ni-P alloy for use on 304 stainless steel surface |
| WO2015192396A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | 浙江工业大学 | Metal-based/diamond laser composite coating and preparation method thereof |
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